Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide a data foundation and theoretical basis for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods: In September and October 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 139 102 students from 539 schools across 12 leagues/cities and 103 banners/counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Participants who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor at least once within one year and had a body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m 2 were considered to have comorbid conditions. Results: The coprevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia was 6.4% (8 931 cases). Lasso-Logistic regression revealed that nonboarding status, higher maternal education, consuming high protein foods ≥1 time daily, occasionally or never eating breakfast, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity for ≥60 minutes on fewer than half of holidays, and having been exposed to second hand smoke in person within the past seven days were associated with higher odds ratios for co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity( OR = 1.23 , 1.22-1.63, 1.20, 1.19, 1.38, 1.35); being female, higher grade level, residence in flag/county/district areas, non only child status, never having consumed a full glass of alcohol, non hypertensive status, and households without pets were associated with lower co-prevalence risks ( OR =0.65, 0.67-0.77, 0.81, 0.87, 0.73, 0.41, 0.68) (all P <0.05). The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.64 for the predictive model, demonstrating satisfactory discriminatory ability. The calibration curve showed consistency between predicted and actual occurrence probabilities. Conclusions The co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia is closely associated with demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours, and lifestyle habits. Future prevention and control strategies should prioritize these factors to implement targeted interventions.

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is a highly invasive zoonotic parasitic disease with poor prognosis. Surgical intervention serves as the pivotal approach to achieve radical cure and improve the prognosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis patients. In recent years, with the popularization of the concept of precision surgery and the development of the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model, the surgical treatment strategies for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis have been continuously enriched, and the selection of surgical procedures has become increasingly diversified. Although key surgical techniques such as radical hepatectomy, autologous liver transplantation and allogeneic liver transplantation have achieved remarkable progress in clinical application, many insurmountable challenges still remain. Therefore, by sorting out the latest evidence-based advances in the field of surgical treatment for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, this article focuses on discussing the application status and bottlenecks of radical hepatectomy, autologous liver transplantation and allogeneic liver transplantation in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084 , 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23 %, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14 % and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk ( OR =1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P <0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations ( OR =0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

Objective To investigate the differences in radiation dose during chest CT examinations among children of different age groups and establish dose estimation regression models. Methods Chest CT data from 135 children aged 4 to 15 years were retrospectively collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2022 and December 2023. The children were divided into three age groups: 4-5 years, 6-10 years and 11-15 years. CT scanning parameters (tube voltage, tube current, scan range) and dosimetry parameters including volume CT dose index (CTDI_vol) dose length product (DLP), and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) were recorded. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare intergroup differences. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between age and dose indicators. Both linear and nonlinear regression models were constructed. Results Age showed a weak positive correlation with CTDI_vol (r = 0.27), a moderate positive correlation with DLP (r = 0.60), and a moderate negative correlation with SSDE (r = −0.55). Linear regression analysis revealed that DLP increased with age (y = 117.85 + 9.81x, R² = 0.36), while SSDE decreased with age (y = 12.4 − 0.18x, R² = 0.32). Using orthogonal distance regression, the goodness-of-fit of the nonlinear models for DLP and SSDE significantly improved (R² = 0.99 and 0.94, respectively). Conclusion In pediatric chest CT dose assessment, CTDI_vol underestimates radiation dose compared to SSDE and fails to account for patient body size. The dose estimation models constructed with orthogonal distance regression outperform those established using the least squares method, demonstrating higher fitting accuracy, and can serve as a reference for personalized dose management in pediatric CT examinations.

Based on the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED) from the meridian-zangfu relationship and the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis, it proposes that dysfunction of the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis is closely related to the occurrence of ED. Among these, brain-heart disharmony is the key pathogenic factor, kidney deficiency and essence depletion constitute an important basis, and essence chamber stasis is a critical mechanism. The treatment approach emphasizes harmonizing the brain and heart, regulating the mind, tonifying the kidney and replenishing qi, unblocking qi and blood to harmonize the essence chamber. The primary acupoints include Baihui (GV20)-Neiguan (PC6)-Shenmen (HT7), Taixi (KI3)-Guanyuan (CV4)-Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Zhongji (CV3)-Dahe (KI12)-Gongsun (SP4), with additional acupoints selected based on syndrome differentiation. This approach aims to restore the clarity of the brain and heart, replenish kidney qi, and unblock the essence chamber, thereby facilitating the restoration of normal functions of the brain, heart, kidney, and essence chamber, and alleviating ED symptoms and improving overall clinical efficacy.
Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology* ; Kidney/physiopathology* ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture Points ; Heart/physiopathology*

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint thread-embedding for overweight and obese young adults with phlegm-dampness constitution. METHODS: A total of 66 young adults with overweight and obesity of phlegm-dampness constitution were randomly divided into an observation group (33 cases, 2 cases dropped out, 1 case was discontinued) and a control group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped out). Health education guidance was adopted in the control group. On the basis of the intervention in the control group, acupoint thread-embedding was applied in the observation group, two groups of acupoints were used alternately, i.e. bilateral Tianshu (ST25), Daheng (SP15), Daimai (GB26), Shuidao (ST28), Huaroumen (ST24), Fenglong (ST40) and bilateral Feishu (BL13), Geshu (BL17), Weiwanxiashu (EX-B3), Pishu (BL20), Shenshu (BL23), Dachangshu (BL25), once a week. Treatment of 8 weeks was required in the two groups. Before treatment, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment, the body weight, body fat rate, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated in the two groups; before and after treatment, the phlegm-dampness constitution score and the heart rate variability (HRV) related indexes (total power [TP], low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], LF/HF, standard deviation of the normal to normal inter beat intervals [SDNN], root mean square of the successive differences [RMSSD], percentage of normal RR intervals with duration [PNN50]) were observed, and the clinical efficacy and constitution improvement rate were compared in the two groups. Six months after the treatment completion, the body weight of patients with effective clinical efficacy was observed, and the body weight rebound rate was compared in the two groups. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of treatment, the body weight, BMI, body fat rate, waist circumference and hip circumference were decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05); after 8 weeks of treatment, the body weight, BMI, body fat rate, waist circumference and hip circumference were decreased compared with those before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment in the observation group (P<0.05), and the body weight was decreased compared with that before treatment in the control group (P<0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and phlegm-dampness constitution score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The differences in the body weight, BMI, body fat rate, waist circumference and hip circumference between before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment, as well as after 4 weeks of treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the TP, LF, HF, SDNN and RMSSD in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate was 90.0% (27/30) in the observation group, which was higher than 46.7% (14/30) in the control group (P<0.05); the improvement rate of phlegm-dampness constitution was 90.0% (27/30) in the observation group, which was higher than 50.0% (15/30) in the control group (P<0.05). Six months after treatment completion, the weight rebound rate was 37.0% (10/27) in the observation group, which was lower than 71.4% (10/14) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupoint thread-embedding can effectively reduce the body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and improve the phlegm-dampness constitution in overweight and obese young adults with phlegm-dampness constitution, regulate autonomic nerve disorders and improve vagus nerve activity, and has a certain long-term effect.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Obesity/physiopathology* ; Young Adult ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Overweight/physiopathology* ; Treatment Outcome ; Adolescent

BACKGROUND: Without timely and effective rehabilitation, hearing loss may profoundly affect human life quality. China has a large population of hearing-impaired individuals, which imposes a heavy health burden on society. Moreover, this population is projected to increase rapidly owing to China's aging society. METHODS: We used data from a population-representative epidemiological investigation of hearing loss and ear diseases in four Chinese provinces. We estimated the national prevalence using multiple linear regression of the age-group proportions and prevalence in 31 provinces with clustering analysis. We used years lived with disability (YLDs) to analyze the disease burden and forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss by 2060 in China. RESULTS: An estimated 115 million people had moderate-to-complete hearing loss in 2015 across the 31 provinces of China (8.4% of 1.37 billion people). Of these, 85.7% were older than age 50 years (99 million people) and 2.4% were younger than 20 years old (2.8 million people). Of all YLDs attributable to hearing loss, 68.9% were attributable to moderate-to-complete cases. By 2060, a projected 242 million people in China will have moderate-to-complete hearing loss, a 110.0% increase from 2015. CONCLUSIONS The hearing loss prevalence in China is high. Population aging and socioeconomic factors substantially affect the prevalence and severity of hearing loss and the disease burden. The prevalence and severity of hearing loss are unevenly distributed across different provinces. Future public health policies should take these trends and regional variations into account.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Hearing Loss/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cost of Illness

BACKGROUND: Spicy food consumption has been reported to be inversely associated with mortality from multiple diseases. However, the effect of spicy food intake on the incidence of vascular diseases in the Chinese population remains unclear. This study was conducted to explore this association. METHODS: This study was performed using the large-scale China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) prospective cohort of 486,335 participants. The primary outcomes were vascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary events (MCEs), cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and non-stroke cerebrovascular disease. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between spicy food consumption and incident vascular diseases. Subgroup analysis was also performed to evaluate the heterogeneity of the association between spicy food consumption and the risk of vascular disease stratified by several basic characteristics. In addition, the joint effects of spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of vascular disease were also evaluated, and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the association results. RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 12.1 years, a total of 136,125 patients with vascular disease, 46,689 patients with IHD, 10,097 patients with MCEs, 80,114 patients with cerebrovascular disease, 56,726 patients with stroke, and 40,098 patients with non-stroke cerebrovascular disease were identified. Participants who consumed spicy food 1-2 days/week (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [0.93, 0.97], P <0.001), 3-5 days/week (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = [0.94, 0.99], P = 0.003), and 6-7 days/week (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = [0.95, 0.99], P = 0.002) had a significantly lower risk of vascular disease than those who consumed spicy food less than once a week ( Ptrend <0.001), especially in those who were younger and living in rural areas. Notably, the disease-based subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse associations remained in IHD ( Ptrend = 0.011) and MCEs ( Ptrend = 0.002) risk. Intriguingly, there was an interaction effect between spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of IHD ( Pinteraction = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an inverse association between spicy food consumption and vascular disease in the Chinese population, which may provide additional dietary guidance for the prevention of vascular diseases.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Vascular Diseases/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; East Asian People

BACKGROUND: Telesurgery has the potential to overcome spatial limitations for surgeons, which depends on surgical robot and the quality of network communication. However, the influence of network latency and bandwidth on telesurgery is not well understood. METHODS: A telesurgery system capable of dynamically adjusting image compression ratios in response to bandwidth changes was established between Beijing and Sanya (Hainan province), covering a distance of 3000 km. In total, 108 animal operations, including 12 surgical procedures, were performed. Total latency ranging from 170 ms to 320 ms and bandwidth from 15-20 Mbps to less than 1 Mbps were explored using designed surgical tasks and hemostasis models for renal vein and internal iliac artery rupture bleeding. Network latency, jitter, frame loss, and bit rate code were systemically measured during these operations. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and a self-designed scale measured the workload and subjective perception of surgeons. RESULTS: All 108 animal telesurgeries, conducted from January 2023 to June 2023, were performed effectively over a total duration of 3866 min. The operations were completed with latency up to 320 ms and bandwidths as low as 1-5 Mbps. Hemostasis for vein and artery rupture bleeding models was effectively achieved under these low bandwidth conditions. The NASA-TLX results indicated that latency significantly impacted surgical performance more than bandwidth and image clarity reductions. CONCLUSIONS This telesurgery system demonstrated safety and reliability. A total of 320 ms latency is acceptable for telesurgery operations. Reducing image clarity can effectively mitigate the potential latency increase caused by decreased bandwidth, offering a new method to reduce the impact of latency on telesurgery.
Animals ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Laparoscopy/methods*