Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is a highly invasive zoonotic parasitic disease with poor prognosis. Surgical intervention serves as the pivotal approach to achieve radical cure and improve the prognosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis patients. In recent years, with the popularization of the concept of precision surgery and the development of the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model, the surgical treatment strategies for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis have been continuously enriched, and the selection of surgical procedures has become increasingly diversified. Although key surgical techniques such as radical hepatectomy, autologous liver transplantation and allogeneic liver transplantation have achieved remarkable progress in clinical application, many insurmountable challenges still remain. Therefore, by sorting out the latest evidence-based advances in the field of surgical treatment for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, this article focuses on discussing the application status and bottlenecks of radical hepatectomy, autologous liver transplantation and allogeneic liver transplantation in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide a data foundation and theoretical basis for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods: In September and October 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 139 102 students from 539 schools across 12 leagues/cities and 103 banners/counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Participants who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor at least once within one year and had a body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m 2 were considered to have comorbid conditions. Results: The coprevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia was 6.4% (8 931 cases). Lasso-Logistic regression revealed that nonboarding status, higher maternal education, consuming high protein foods ≥1 time daily, occasionally or never eating breakfast, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity for ≥60 minutes on fewer than half of holidays, and having been exposed to second hand smoke in person within the past seven days were associated with higher odds ratios for co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity( OR = 1.23 , 1.22-1.63, 1.20, 1.19, 1.38, 1.35); being female, higher grade level, residence in flag/county/district areas, non only child status, never having consumed a full glass of alcohol, non hypertensive status, and households without pets were associated with lower co-prevalence risks ( OR =0.65, 0.67-0.77, 0.81, 0.87, 0.73, 0.41, 0.68) (all P <0.05). The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.64 for the predictive model, demonstrating satisfactory discriminatory ability. The calibration curve showed consistency between predicted and actual occurrence probabilities. Conclusions The co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia is closely associated with demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours, and lifestyle habits. Future prevention and control strategies should prioritize these factors to implement targeted interventions.

Patients with panvascular disease （PVD） often experience bleeding events while receiving standard antithrombotic therapy. Based on the theory of "guarding the channel passages"， the retention of blood stasis is considered as a crucial pathological basis for PVD. The combination of the retention of blood stasis and the failure of the channel passages to contain blood constitutes the core pathogenesis of bleeding events in this condition. According to their pathogenesis and clinical characteristics， bleeding events in PVD are categorized into a bleeding stage and a stable stage. During the bleeding stage， treatment should focus on stanching bleeding and dispersing stasis to restore normal circulation in the channel passages. During the stable stage， treatment should aim to dispel stasis and generate new blood to harmonize the channel passages. In clinical practice， physicians should dynamically weigh the risks of bleeding and ischemia against the intensity of antithrombotic therapy. The ultimate goal is to harmonize qi and blood and ensure that blood remains properly contained within the channel passages， thereby reducing the risk of bleeding events and enhancing overall patient benefit.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods A total of 637 patients with advanced lung cancer who received ICI treatment were enrolled. Baseline clinical data and laboratory parameters were collected, and ACAG was calculated. The optimal prognostic Cut-off value for ACAG (11.58 mmol/L) was determined using X-Tile software, and patients were divided into low (≤11.58 mmol/L) and high (>11.58 mmol/L) ACAG groups. Propensity score matching was performed to control for confounding factors. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze prognostic factors, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results Among 637 patients, 440 patients remained in the matched cohort. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that after adjusting for clinical and laboratory parameters, ACAG >11.58 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for OS (HR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.02–2.98, P=0.044) but was not an independent predictor for PFS. After adjusting for different sets of covariates, stratified analysis further confirmed that ACAG >11.58 mmol/L was consistently associated with a significantly shortened OS. Survival curves demonstrated that the median OS in the high ACAG group (47.0 months) was significantly lower than that in the low ACAG group. Subgroup analysis indicated that the predictive value of ACAG for OS was more pronounced in males, patients aged <65 years, and patients with squamous cell carcinoma than in other patients. Conclusion In patients with advanced lung cancer treated with ICIs, a high baseline ACAG level (>11.58 mmol/L) is an independent risk factor for shortened OS but is not significantly associated with PFS. ACAG may serve as a simple and effective biological marker for assessing overall survival prognosis in patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing immunotherapy.

Objective To interpret the major updates in the "2026 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia" and provide guidance for perioperative and long-term lipid management in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Methods Based on the 2026 guideline and relevant cardiovascular outcome studies, this article summarized key aspects of lipid management across the entire life span, PREVENT-ASCVD risk assessment, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) targets, lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B testing, management of hypertriglyceridemia, and the use of non-statin therapies, while analyzing their clinical implications from the perspective of cardiovascular surgery. Results The 2026 guideline expanded the focus of lipid management from simple cholesterol control to comprehensive, lifelong lipid protein risk management across the entire spectrum. It recommended the PREVENT-ASCVD model, integrated risk-enhancing factors and coronary artery calcium scores to refine risk stratification, re-established LDL-C and non-HDL-C targets, strengthened management of lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein B, and hypertriglyceridemia, and emphasized early combination lipid-lowering therapy. These updates helped identify residual cardiovascular risks in surgical patients, promoted postoperative lipid target achievement, and supported long-term secondary prevention. Conclusion The 2026 guideline advances lipid management toward precise risk stratification, goal-directed therapy, and longitudinal intervention. Standardized lipid assessment and lipid-lowering therapy should be integrated into perioperative and long-term postoperative management in cardiovascular surgery to improve long-term patient outcomes.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a domestically developed robotic surgical system based on fiber-optic dedicated line communication in cross-regional urological telesurgery.Methods:This was multicenter，single-arm，retrospective case series study. The data of patients who underwent urological telesurgeries using the telesurgical system between January 2023 and December 2024 were analyzed. The cohort included 59 patients from seven hospitals across China. Among the patients，47 were male（79.7%）and 12 were female（20.3%），with a median age of 63.0（56.0，68.0）years and a body mass index of（24.7 ± 3.0）kg/m 2. Surgical procedures included 32 radical prostatectomies，24 partial nephrectomies，one radical nephrectomy，one adrenalectomy，and one ureteral reconstruction. The perioperative indicators，pathological results and postoperative complications were analyzed. The network monitoring data were collected，and the perioperative data of patients，remote system monitoring data and costs were compared between the two communication modes of optical transport network（OTN）and cloud-connect network（CCN）. Results:All 59 remote surgeries were successfully completed，with a mean operative time of（138.0 ± 54.0）minutes，median intraoperative blood loss of 50.0（30.0，100.0）ml and a postoperative hospital stay of 5.0（4.0，6.0）days. No cases required reoperation，Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3 complications，or readmission. The geographical distance between the primary and remote surgical sites ranged from 450 to 2 800 km. Network monitoring revealed increased bidirectional latency with distance increasing：the shortest latency time（Hefei-Hangzhou，450 km）was（16.59 ± 0.80）ms，while the longest（Harbin-Hangzhou，2 200 km）latency time was（53.31 ± 0.31）ms. Average frame loss per procedure was 0?1.27 frames. The results of subgroup analysis comparing OTN and CCN communication modes showed no significant differences in operative time［（130.7 ± 70.5）minutes vs.（142.1 ± 42.9）minutes， P = 0.442］，postoperative hospitalization［6.0（4.0，8.0）d vs. 5.0（4.0，6.0）d， P = 0.581］，or readmission rates（0 vs. 0）. However，CCN demonstrated significant cost advantages with 500 RMB per operation vs. 3 000 RMB per operation for OTN. Conclusions:Urological telesurgery using fiber-optic communication is feasible. The CCN mode，with its cost-effectiveness，excellent usability，and multi-point interconnection flexibility，is currently the preferred communication model for telesurgical applications.

Objective:To assess the burden and development trends of tuberculosis (TB) in China from 1990 to 2021 to provide a reference for TB prevention strategies.Methods:Utilizing the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study data, the study evaluates the burden of TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) in China using age-standardized incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and infection rates. The Joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze changing trends, and the autoregressive moving average model was integrated to forecast multidrug-resistant TB incidence and LTBI infection rates from 2022 to 2030.Results:In 2021, the age-standardized TB incidence in China was 36.28 per 100 000, the age-standardized prevalence was 30 557.45 per 100 000, the age-standardized DALY rate was 76.22 per 100 000, and the LTBI age-standardized infection rate was 30.48%. Compared to 1990, these figures dropped by 66.72%, 2.82%, 89.41%, and 2.47%, respectively. The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, DALY rate, and infection rate were elevated in individuals aged ≥70 years, and the TB burden was greater in males than in females. The age-standardized TB incidence declined between 1990 and 2021, while the proportion of multidrug-resistant TB patients among newly diagnosed cases, nationwide rose from 3.11% (36 367/1 167 807) in 1990 to 4.12% (25 431/617 725) in 2021. The LTBI age-standardized infection rate exhibited a fluctuating declining trend, averaging a decrease of 0.09%. Predictions for 2022-2030 indicate that China's multidrug-resistant TB incidence will decline slowly, and the LTBI infection rate will initially rise and then gradually fall, reaching 1.10/100 000 and 31.11%, respectively, by 2030.Conclusions:The TB burden in China declined from 1990 to 2021, but TB prevalence and LTBI infection rates remain high, especially among multidrug-resistant cases, males, and the elderly. Implementing systematic LTBI interventions, enhancing early detection/diagnosis in key populations such as the elderly, and promoting short-course treatments are recommended.

This study examines the progress and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the prevention and control of infectious diseases within Chinese healthcare institutions. It analyzes the difficulties and challenges encountered during implementation to promote the intelligent transformation and upgrading of infectious disease prevention and control. The results indicate that AI technology has made progress in areas such as infectious disease surveillance and early warning, risk assessment and emergency response, screening and detection, image-based diagnosis and analysis, and health management. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain, including limited application depth and breadth, issues with data quality and privacy protection, insufficient technological maturity and interpretability, potential legal risks, and a shortage of interdisciplinary professionals. To advance the application of AI technology in infectious disease prevention and control and support the modernization of China′s relevant systems, recommendations include strengthening policy support, establishing data standards and robust privacy protection mechanisms, increasing R&D investment, refining laws and regulations, and enhancing the training of interdisciplinary talent.

Central venous pressure(CVP)is a commonly used hemodynamic index in clinical practice,and the accuracy of its measurement results is influenced by the measurement technical specifications.Based on research evidence and clinical practice,this article interprets the main content of the group standard of CVP measurement technology,and proposes suggestions for its use.It aims to guide clinical nursing staff to correctly understand the principles and methods of CVP measurement,and promote the standardization of nursing practice and the accuracy of measurement results.

Objective:To evaluate the application of a two-stage sequential nutritional therapy combined with functional exercise in the preoperative prehabilitation of patients with high-output intestinal fistula(HIF).Methods:A total of 164 HIF patients scheduled for definitive fistula resection in the Department of General Surgery,Eastern Theater Command General Hospital from March 2023 to March 2025 were prospectively enrolled.They were randomly assigned to a control group or an intervention group at a 1:1 ratio,with 82 patients in each group.The control group received conventional nutritional support and basic functional exercise,while the intervention group underwent a two-stage sequential nutritional therapy combined with graded functional exercise.Nutritional indicators,inflammatory markers,functional status,and postoperative recovery were compared between the two groups at 28 days before surgery,1 day before surgery,and 1,3,and 7 days after surgery.Results:On the day before surgery,the nutritional indicators in the intervention group,including albumin[(36.8±4.1)g/L],prealbumin[(213.5±42.1)mg/L],and total protein[(69.3±6.1)g/L],were all significantly higher than those in the control group[albumin(33.1±3.9)g/L,prealbumin(163.2±37.6)mg/L,total protein(63.7±5.9)g/L],with P<0.001.The energy compliance rates on the 21st day before surgery and the day before surgery in the intervention group(85.2%,92.8%)were significantly higher than those in the control group(62.5%,72.4%),with P<0.001.The 6-minute walk distance(6MWD)in the intervention group on the day before surgery and on the 7th day after surgery[(385.1±55.2)m,(346.3±48.4)m]was significantly greater than that in the control group[(315.3±60.7)m,(298.3±51.1)m],with P<0.001.On the 1st day after surgery,the inflammatory markers in the intervention group[CRP(98.7±35.2)mg/L,IL-6(45.3±12.5)pg/mL,PCT(1.2±0.5)ng/mL]were all significantly lower than those in the control group[CRP(152.4±48.6)mg/L,IL-6(89.6±25.4)pg/mL,PCT(2.8±0.9)ng/mL],with P<0.001.Additionally,the time to first ambulation after surgery[(16.8±4.2)h],time to first flatus[(52.4±14.5)h],and ICU stay duration[(3.1±1.6)d]in the intervention group were all significantly shorter than those in the control group,with P<0.001 Conclusion:The two-stage sequential nutritional therapy combined with functional exercise significantly improves the attainment of nutritional targets,suppresses systemic inflammatory response,enhances muscle reserve and exercise tolerance,and effectively shortens the postoperative recovery period in HIF patients.These findings support the use of this combined approach as a targeted and feasible model for preoperative prehabilitation,demonstrating substantial clinical application value.