Antibody-drug conjugates （ADCs） are a novel class of anti-tumor agents composed of a targeted monoclonal antibody， a cytotoxic drug， and a linker connecting the two. They combine the high specificity of antibodies with the potent cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC） is characterized by high aggressiveness， elevated risks of recurrence and metastasis， and poor prognosis， largely due to the lack of effective therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the research progress of ADCs in the treatment of TNBC. It has been found that ADCs targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （such as trastuzumab deruxtecan）， trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 （such as sacituzumab govitecan and datopotamab deruxtecan）， zinc transporter LIV-1 （such as ladiratuzumab vedotin）， HER-3 （such as patritumab deruxtecan）， epidermal growth factor receptor （such as AVID100）， and glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B （such as glembatumumab vedotin） have all demonstrated promising therapeutic effects against TNBC. Despite challenges including acquired resistance and treatment-related toxicities， ADCs are undoubtedly reshaping the therapeutic landscape for TNBC and are expected to occupy a more central position in TNBC treatment in the future.

BACKGROUND: Chronic liver disease (CLD), mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a significant public health concern worldwide. This study aims to quantify the burden of NAFLD in CLD globally and within China, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, providing crucial insights for global and local health policies. METHODS: The study used comprehensive data from the GBD study 2021. It included estimates of prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Age-standardized rates and average annual percent change (AAPC) from 2011 to 2021 were reported. A meticulous decomposition analysis was conducted. RESULTS: In 2021, there were 1582.5 million prevalent cases, 47.6 million incident cases, 1.4 million deaths, and 44.4 million DALYs attributable to CLD, globally. Among these, NAFLD has emerged as the predominant cause, accounting for 78.0% of all prevalent CLD cases (1234.7 million) and 87.2% of incident cases (41.5 million). Correspondingly, NAFLD had the highest age-standardized prevalence (15,017.5 per 100,000 population) and incidence (876.5 per 100,000 population) rates among CLDs. In addition, China's CLD age-standardized prevalence rate was 21,659.5 per 100,000 population, and the age-standardized incidence rate was 752.6 per 100,000 population, higher than the global average. From 2011 to 2021, the global prevalence rate of CLD increased slowly (AAPC = 0.17), consistent with the trend in China (AAPC = 0.23). Furthermore, the prevalence rate of NAFLD rose significantly in China (AAPC = 1.30) compared with the global average (AAPC = 0.91). Decomposition analysis also showed the worldwide increase in deaths and DALYs for NAFLD, which were primarily attributable to population growth and aging. CONCLUSIONS The burden of CLD and NAFLD remains substantial globally and within China in terms of high prevalence and incidence. As such, this underscores the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies. These findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance and research to mitigate the growing impact of liver diseases on global and Chinese health systems.
Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/mortality* ; Global Burden of Disease ; China/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Male ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Female ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Adult ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Liver Diseases/epidemiology* ; Aged

Mental state is an important part of the normal life activities of the human body, and it is also the most external expression and the most easily obtained information of the physical condition. The normal activities of the mind depend on the normal operation of the viscera, qi, and blood, and are a unified whole that prospers together and suffers together. The theory of the five-spirit-viscera in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic revealed that the normal mental activities of the human body were dominated by the five internal organs, that is, the five internal organs were the body and the five spirits were the function. And it highlighted the viewpoint that the five internal organs store the spirits and are actually one. The heart governs the spirit and belongs to the four internal organs. On this basis, Synopsis of Golden Chamber used the internal organs to diagnose and treat mental diseases, integrating the theory of the five spirits into it, forming a unique method of diagnosis and treatment with the heart as the leading factor and regulating the qi and blood of the four internal organs. It identified the pathogenesis of diseases such as pathogenic crying, lily disease, and hysteria from five levels: heart deficiency and weak qi, heart-lung disharmony, heart-liver disharmony, the heart of the loss of the spleen nourishment, and disharmony between heart and kidney. The treatment was mainly to replenish the deficiency of the viscera and eliminate the pathogens, reflecting the characteristics of regulating the mind and calming the four internal organs. This unique view on diagnosis and treatment has profoundly influenced the diagnosis and treatment theories of mental illnesses by later doctors, and is of great significance to the current clinical treatment of such illnesses.

In recent years,using digital health technology can improve the quality and effect of nutrition management for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).This article provides an overview of digital health technology,reviews the application form and effect of digital health technology in nutrition manage-ment of pregnant women with GDM,puts forward suggestions,in order to provide references and bases for promoting the more scientific,effective and standardized application of digital health technology in nutrition management of GDM patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).Methods:This retrospective study included 8 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed CS by endomyocardial biopsy from Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between January 2012 and September 2024. All patients underwent comprehensive CMR examinations including cine imaging and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. Clinical data, including electrocardiographic findings, were collected. CMR phenotyping was performed based on imaging characteristics, and cardiac structure and function parameters were evaluated. LGE analysis was conducted using the American Heart Association 17-segment model to assess the distribution patterns and involvement sites.Results:The most common clinical symptoms were chest tightness (4 patients), palpitations (4 patients), and shortness of breath (6 patients). Electrocardiographic abnormalities included atrioventricular block in 4 patients, right bundle branch block in 2 patients, left bundle branch block in 2 patients, frequent premature ventricular contractions in 4 patients, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in 5 patients. CMR phenotyping revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pattern in 3 patients, with 2 patients maintaining normal biventricular function and 1 patient showing significantly reduced biventricular systolic function. Dilated cardiomyopathy pattern was identified in 4 patients, all demonstrating significantly impaired biventricular systolic function. One patient exhibited another phenotype with preserved biventricular systolic function. LGE analysis demonstrated that the anterior wall and anterior septum (segments 1, 2, 7, 8) were the most frequently involved regions, followed by the lateral and inferior walls (segments 5, 6, 11, 12). Subepicardial involvement was the predominant pattern of myocardial enhancement.Conclusions:Cardiac sarcoidosis exhibits diverse clinical manifestations and heterogeneous imaging characteristics. CMR not only provides a comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function but also reveals distinctive myocardial tissue characteristics, particularly the extent and distribution patterns of LGE involvement. These findings have significant reference value for early identification of CS and differential diagnosis from other cardiomyopathies.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related incidence and mortality worldwide. Among its histological subtypes, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases, representing the predominant pathological type. Notably, in the elderly population, NSCLC continues to be a major contributor to cancer-related deaths. With the global ageing population, immunosenescence has emerged as a key factor influencing the occurrence, progression, and the efficacy of immunotherapy of NSCLC. Immunosenescence refers to the age-related decline in immune system function, which manifests as alterations in both the quantity and functionality of immune cells. These include thymic involution, T cell exhaustion, epigenetic modifications, weakened immune responses, and a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. This review comprehensively analyzes the role of immunosenescence in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC and proposes potential therapeutic strategies to intervene in the immunosenescence process. By targeting immunosenescence, these strategies aim to inhibit the progression of NSCLC and improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
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Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Immunotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Immunosenescence ; Aged

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.019.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.009.].

Functional dyspepsia (FD), characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic, systemic or metabolic causes, is an increasingly recognized global health issue. The objective of this guideline is to equip clinicians and nursing professionals with evidence-based strategies for the management and treatment of adult patients with FD using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The Guideline Development Group consulted existing TCM consensus documents on FD and convened a panel of 35 clinicians to generate initial clinical queries. To address these queries, a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (SinoMed) Database, Wanfang Database, Traditional Medicine Research Data Expanded (TMRDE), and the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (TCMLARS). The evidence from the literature was critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The strength of the recommendations was ascertained through a consensus-building process involving TCM and allopathic medicine experts, methodologists, pharmacologists, nursing specialists, and health economists, leveraging their collective expertise and empirical knowledge. The guideline comprises a total of 43 evidence-informed recommendations that span a range of clinical aspects, including the pathogenesis according to TCM, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, efficacy assessments, and prognostic considerations. Please cite this article as: Zhang SS, Zhao LQ, Hou XH, Bian ZX, Zheng JH, Tian HH, Yang GH, Hong WS, He YY, Liu L, Shen H, Li YP, Xie S, Shu J, Zeng BF, Li JX, Liu Z, Xiao ZH, Xiao JD, Zheng PY, Huang SG, Chen SL, Fei GJ. International clinical practice guideline on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for functional dyspepsia (2025). J Integr Med. 2025; 23(5):502-518.
Dyspepsia/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

Objective To describe the clinical features of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)in China based on a nationwide multicenter patient cohort,and to investigate the risk factors for prognosis.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among the patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PSC based on the electronic medical record system of seven grade A tertiary hospitals across the country,and related data were extracted.The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups,and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate liver transplant-free survival,and the log-rank test was used for comparison of survival rate between PSC patients with different features.The Cox regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for the prognosis of PSC patients and the interactions between key factors.Results A total of 107 patients were enrolled,among whom 55.6%(55/99)had large-duct PSC and 29.0%(31/107)had comorbidity with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The positivity rate of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)was 32.9%(24/73),and 50.0%(40/80)of the patients had an increase in IgG/IgM.The median symptom-to-diagnosis interval was 1 year(<1-4.0),and 38.3%(41/107)of the patients had progressed to decompensated cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis.The median liver transplant-free survival time was 114 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:62-166),with a 5-year survival rate of 65.7%.The multivariate analysis showed that an increase in total bile acid(TBA)(hazard ratio[HR]=1.006,95%CI:1.002-1.010,P=0.001)and a prolonged symptom-to-diagnosis interval(HR=1.252,95%CI:1.059-1.480,P=0.009)were independent risk factors for prognosis.The interaction analysis showed that compared with the female patients with TBA<50 μmol/L,both male and female patients with TBA≥50 μmol/L had a significant increase in the risk of liver transplantation or death(male:HR=16.563,95%CI:2.103-130.449,P<0.001;female:HR=17.009,95%CI:2.113-136.934,P<0.001),and compared with the patients with an age of<45 years and a TBA level of<50 μmol/L,the patients with an age of≥45 years and a TBA level of≥50 μmol/L had a significant increase in the risk of liver transplantation or death(HR=10.729,95%CI:1.325-86.859,P=0.026).Compared with the female patients with an symptom-to-diagnosis interval of≤2 years,the male patients with a symptom-to-diagnosis interval of>2 years had an increased risk of liver transplantation or death(HR=4.825,95%CI:1.725-13.644,P=0.003),and compared with the patients with an age of<45 years and a symptom-to-diagnosis interval of≤2 years,the patients with an age of<45 years and a symptom-to-diagnosis interval of>2 years had an increased risk of liver transplantation or death(HR=4.983,95%CI:1.366-18.173,P=0.015).Conclusion Compared with the reports from Western countries,large-duct PSC is also the main type of PSC in China,but with a relatively low proportion,and there is also a relatively low proportion of patients with IBD or positive ANCA.An increase in TBA and a prolonged symptom-to-diagnosis interval are independent risk factors for prognosis,with significant interactions with age and sex.This suggests that early screening and intervention should be enhanced to improve prognosis.