Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

BACKGROUND:We have successfully established an animal model of small ear pig in southern Yunnan province with internal tension relieving technique combined with autologous Achilles tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,and verified the stability and reliability of the model.However,whether internal tension relieving technique can promote the ligamentalization process of autologous Achilles tendon graft has not been studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differences in the process of ligamentalization between conventional reconstruction and internal reduction reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by gross view,histology and electron microscopy. METHODS:Thirty adult female small ear pigs in southern Yunnan province were selected.Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed on the left knee joint with the ipsilateral knee Achilles tendon(n=30 in the normal group),and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed on the right knee joint with the ipsilateral knee Achilles tendon combined with the internal relaxation and enhancement system(n=30 in the relaxation group).The autogenous right forelimb was used as the control group;the anterior cruciate ligament was exposed but not severed or surgically treated.At 12,24,and 48 weeks after surgery,10 animals were sacrificed,respectively.The left and right knee joint specimens were taken for gross morphological observation to evaluate the graft morphology.MAS score was used to evaluate the excellent and good rate of the ligament at each time point.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the degree of ligament graft vascularization.Collagen fibers and nuclear morphology were observed,and nuclear morphology was scored.Ultrastructural remodeling was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The ligament healing shape of the relaxation group was better at various time points after surgery,and the excellent and good rate of MAS score was higher(P<0.05).Moreover,the relaxation group could obtain higher ligament vascularization score(P<0.05).(2)The arrangement of collagen bundles and fiber bundles in the two groups gradually tended to be orderly,and the transverse fiber connections between collagen gradually increased and thickened,suggesting that the strength and shape degree of the grafts were gradually improved,but the ligament remodeling in the relaxation group was always faster than that in the normal group at various time points after surgery.(3)The diameter,distribution density,and arrangement degree of collagen fibers in the relaxation group were better than those in the normal group at all time points,especially in the comparison of collagen fiber diameter between and within the relaxation group(P<0.05).

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Linaclotide combined with Simethicone oil and compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte(PEG)for cleansing effect of bowel in patients with constipation.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented by single blind method.383 patients with constipation who underwent colonoscopy from April 2023 to August 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into routine group(128 cases),experimental group A(128 cases)and experimental group B(127 cases).Routine group treated with 3 L PEG,experimental group A treated with 290 μg Linaclotide+2 L PEG and experimental group B treated with 290 μg Linaclotide+30 mL Simethicone+2 L PEG.Bowel preparation effect[Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)scores and foaming removal effect],lesion detection rate,first defecation interval,frequency of defecation,the success rate of cecal intubation,the insertion time of colonoscopy,the withdrawal time of colonoscopy,incidence of adverse reactions and willingness to repeat examination of the three groups were compared.Results No statistically significant differences were observed in the BBPS scores among the three groups(P>0.05);The foaming removal effect score in experimental group B was significantly lower than that in routine group and experimental group A,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The total lesion detection rate and polyps detection rate of experimental group B were significantly higher than those of routine group and experimental group A,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The first defecation interval of the routine group was significantly longer than that of experimental group A and experimental group B,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The frequency of defecation was compared among the three groups,and the difference was no statistically significant(P>0.05).The success rate of cecal intubation in the three groups was 100.0%,and the insertion time of colonoscopy was similar,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05);The withdrawal time of colonoscopy in experimental group B was significantly shorter than that in routine group and experimental group A,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of abdominal distension and total adverse reactions in the routine group were higher than those in experimental group A and experimental group B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);The willingness to repeat examination rate of the routine group was significantly lower than that of experimental group A and experimental group B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion 290 μg Linaclotide combined with 30 mL Simethicone and 2 L PEG solution regimen has advantages in intestinal preparation for patients with constipation,and can achieve better intestinal cleaning effect than 3 L PEG solution and 290 μg linalopeptide+2 L PEG solution regimen,with higher safety and willingness to repeat examination.It can be recommended for bowel preparation for patients with constipation.

Objective To investigate the effects of a continuous-dose administration versus different dosage regimens of polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution(PEG)taken in two doses with a 12-hour interval on bowel cleansing efficacy,with the goal of optimizing bowel preparation protocols and improving patient tolerability.Methods 232 patients who underwent painless colonoscopy and used PEG as a bowel cleanser from June 2024 to September 2024 were selected as study subjects.Participants were divided into three groups:the control group(3.00 L PEG continuous dose),experimental group A(0.75 L+2.25 L PEG),and experimental group B(1.50 L+1.50 L PEG).All patients underwent painless colonoscopy within 4～6 h after completing PEG intake.The interval between the two doses of PEG in group A and group B was 12 h.The bowel cleansing efficacy was assessed by using the Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS),and the rates of colon polyp detection,adverse reactions,sleep duration,and tolerability were recorded.Results There were no significant statistical differences in BBPS scores and colon polyp detection rates among the three groups(P>0.05).Experimental group B experienced the least adverse reactions,followed by experimental group A,while the control group reported the most significant adverse reactions(P<0.05).The timing of PEG administration did not have a significant impact on sleep duration among the three groups(P>0.05).Patients in experimental group B showed good tolerability to PEG and were willing to accept this bowel preparation regimen,followed by group A,while the control group exhibited the poorest tolerability,with significant statistical differences among the three groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The continuous administration and divided administration of PEG have no significant impact on the effectiveness of intestinal cleansing and the detection rate of colonic polyps.However,the divided PEG regimen with a 12 h interval results in fewer adverse reactions and better tolerance,especially the optimal regimen of taking 1.50 L PEG in two doses with a 12 h interval.

The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of Echinacea purpurea extract on the digestive ability,immune function and intestinal barrier of the Bamei ternary pigs.Forty-eight healthy pigs of 50 days old were randomly divided into four groups,each with three replicates and four pigs in each replicate.The control group(CON)was fed a basal diet,and the experimental group was divided into 5 g/kg(T1),10 g/kg(T2)and 15 g/kg(T3)of Echinacea extract in the basal diet.The pre-test period was 5 days and the main test period was 35 days with free feeding and drinking during the test period.The results showed that:There was no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of nutrients and jejunum morphology in the test group compared to the CON group(P＞0.05).Amylase and trypsin activities were significantly higher in the experimental group and lipase activities were significantly higher in T2 and T3 groups compared to CON group(P＜0.05).GSH,CAT and T-AOC activities were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to CON group(P＜0.05).In comparison with CON group,the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly lower in the experimental group(P＜0.05),and the levels of TNF-α were significantly lower in the T2 and T3 groups(P＜0.05);and the levels of IL-10 were signifi-cantly higher in the T3 group(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4,MyD88,TRAF6,and NF-κB were significantly lower in the experimental group(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein expression levels of CLDN-1,OCLN and ZO-1 were significantly increased in the test group(P＜0.05).The results between the test groups showed that the protein expression levels of CLDN-1 and OCLN were significantly increased in the T3 group compared with the T1 group(P＜0.05).In conclusion,the addition of Echinacea extract to the ration can,to a certain ex-tent,improve the digestive ability,balance the immune ability,and improve the intestinal barrier function of the Bamei ternary pigs,thus promoting the intestinal health of pigs.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of liraglutide(LIRA)on acetaminophen(APAP)-in-duced hepatotoxicity at the in vivo level and to reveal the underlying mechanism.Methods Forty SPF grade male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the Control,LIRA(200 μg·kg-1),APAP(500 mg·kg-1),LIRA+APAP,LIRA+APAP+3-methylade-nine(3-MA,30 mg·kg-1)groups,with eight mice in each group.The mice were administered for three con-secutive days,and the materials were taken after 24 h.The general condition and body weight of mice in each group were recorded,and liver morphology was ob-served.Serum ALT and AST levels,as well as SOD ac-tivity,MDA,and GSH content in liver homogenates,were measured using biochemical assay kits.The levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in serum were detected by ELISA.Liver pathological changes were assessed by HE staining,while mitochon-drial and autophagosome structures in liver tissues were observed using transmission electron microscopy.The number of PCNA-positive cells in liver tissues was e-valuated using immunohistochemical staining.The pro-tein expression levels of LC3Ⅱ,p62,Bax,Bcl-2,PC-NA,and CyclinD1 in liver tissues were determined by Western blot.Results LIRA pretreatment can im-prove the general condition of mice with acetamino-phen-induced liver injury(AILI),reduce serum ALT and AST levels,and effectively ameliorate the appear-ance and morphology of the liver as well as the patho-logical damage to liver tissue.Simultaneously,the lev-els of inflammatory cytokines IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1βare significantly decreased;SOD activity and GSH con-tent are significantly increased,while MDA content is significantly reduced.Transmission electron microsco-py observations reveal the presence of numerous auto-phagosomes in the cytoplasm of liver tissue.Immuno-histochemical staining results indicate a significant in-crease in the number of PCNA-positive cells.Further-more,the expression of LC3Ⅱ,Bcl-2,PCNA,and Cy-clinD1 proteins in liver tissue is significantly upregulat-ed,while the expression of p62 and Bax proteins is significantly downregulated.However,after interven-tion with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA,the aforemen-tioned protective effects of LIRA are significantly.Conclusions LIRA pretreatment can significantly im-prove liver injury in AILI mice.Its protective mecha-nism may be related to enhancing autophagy in hepato-cytes,thereby reducing oxidative stress,inflammatory response and apoptosis in liver of AILI mice.

Objective To addresses the challenges arising from the rapid expansion of pharmaceutical clinical trials and the growing demands for quality management,this paper investigates the application of low-code technology in project management.Its goals are to enhance the operational efficiency and execution capabilities of clinical trial institutions,ensure trial quality and safety,and accelerate the translation of pharmaceutical scientific achievements.Methods A brainstorming session was conducted to analyze the technical and functional requirements for managing pharmaceutical clinical trial projects.Utilizing the ＂template design＂ and ＂decision analysis＂ functionalities of low-code technology,the study adopted a modular and visually driven data management approach to develop a system compliant with Good Clinical Practice(GCP)standards.This system integrates key functionalities,including project progress management,funding management,drug inventory management,and quality control.Its effectiveness was evaluated through real-world operation and performance validation.Results The system had demonstrated stable operation with substantial improvements in practical application.Compared with conventional management approaches,it significantly enhanced project management efficiency:the time required for project schedule management was reduced by 80%,the efficiency of financial processing increased by 95%,drug inventory management efficiency improved by 75%,and the time spent on quality control was shortened by 60%.Conclusion The pharmaceutical clinical trial project management system developed using low-code technology offers substantial advantages and promising application potential.It represents a critical practice in applying digital and intelligent tools to advance pharmaceutical productivity in the medical and healthcare sectors.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common respiratory emergency,but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures.Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS,but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns.Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance,thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models.Coral calcium hydrogenation(CCH)is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium(CC).Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS re-mains unstudied.In this study,we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice.The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable,demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group.CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema,and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice.CCH promoted mitochon-drial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2(Trx2),improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS,and reduced oxidative stress damage.The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.

Background: Metals and their ions have been used to reduce bacterial infection risks. Among them, minerals containing rubidium (MCR), natural minerals containing metal ions, show potential as novel and tunable materials. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity and mechanism of MCR. Methods: The inhibitory effect of MCR on bacteria was clarified using the growth curve method, turbidimetric method, and minimum inhibitory concentration method. Physiological and biochemical indices were employed to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of MCR. Results: The results revealed that MCR inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 11.95, 2.60, and 2.60 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activity of MCR was insignificant against Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Helicobacter pylori at 3.25 mg/mL. Mechanistic assessments showed that MCR affected bacterial conductivity, protein and nucleic acid levels, reducing sugar content, respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity, bacterial lipid peroxidation, intracellular adenosine triphosphate, and extracellular alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: MCR has bacteriostatic activity and the mechanism primarily involves adhesion to bacteria, disrupting the integrity of their cell walls and membranes, and altering their permeability. This disruption leads to the release of intracellular molecules of various sizes, inhibiting cellular respiration and metabolism, and causing oxidative damage. These combined effects impair cellular functions, affecting cell growth and metabolism, or leading to cell death. These findings provide a theoretical reference for the development of MCR as a bacteriostatic agent.

The medical mask,which is used as an important tool of preventing the spread of respiratory diseases,can effectively block the transmission of biological aerosols.The detection for the filtration efficiency of bacteria in medical mask is particular importance.The Andersen sampler,is one kind of device that samples microbial aerosols,is widely used in the inspection for the filtration efficiency for bacteria in medical masks.It mainly consists of six impactors with different pore sizes.It simulates the deposition process of the most of particles at different positions in respiratory system through the bacterial particles in biological aerosols impact respectively the surface of petri dishes with agar under different pore sizes.This paper explored the development background,structure and sampling principle,operation and counting procedures of the Andersen sampler,as well as its application and importance in the inspection for the filtration efficiency for bacteria in medical mask.