Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of pidomoide oral solution combined with budesonide suspension for inhalation in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRTIs)in children.Methods Children with recurrent respiratory tract infection were divided into control and treatment groups according to cohort methods.Control group was given the initial dose of pidotimod oral solution 400 mg bid,adjusted to 400 mg each time after 10 days of continuous treatment,qd;treatment group was given budesonide suspension for inhalation 0.5 mg atomized inhalation therapy on the basis of control group,bid;both groups were treated for 8 weeks.The disappearance time of clinical symptoms,humoral immunity[immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),immunoglobulin A(IgA)],cytokine[human insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)]levels in the 2 groups were compared.The clinical efficacy of the children was evaluated and the incidence of adverse drug reactions was counted.Results A total of 47 cases were enrolled in the control group and 53 cases in the treatment group.The total clinical effective rate of treatment group and control group was 92.45％and 76.60％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the difference of clinical symptom disappearance time between treatment group and control group was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,IgG levels in treatment group and control group were(11.26±0.85)and(10.92±0.69)g·L-1;IgM levels were(1.58±0.35)and(1.23±0.32)g·L-1;IgA levels were(1.57±0.24)and(1.36±0.30)g.L-1;IGF-1 levels were(149.67±25.81)and(130.24±24.73)μg·mL-1;MCP-1 levels were(71.35±11.89)and(99.36±12.27)pg·mL-1;COX-2 levels were(16.87±4.59)and(20.53±4.83)U·L-1.Compared with the control group,the above indexes in treatment group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between treatment group and control group(11.32％vs 6.38％,P＞0.05).Conclusion Pidotimod oral solution combined with budesonide suspension for inhalation can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms of children with RRTIs,improve humoral immunity,improve clinical efficacy,and have high safety.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Objective To evaluate the early imaging characteristics and function of bladder wall reconstruction neourethra(BWN)after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy(RALP)for prostate cancer with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and voiding cystourethrography(VCUG).Methods A total of 36 patients who underwent RALP using BWN technique at Taizhou People's Hospital during Mar.2021 and Jun.2023 were enrolled.Postoperative MRI was used to measure the length,wall thickness,and lumen shape of the new urethra.The morphology of the new urethra in 19 patients was observed under VCUG during the storage phase,voiding phase,and interrupted voiding phase.Results The patients'median age was 73.00 years(range:68.00 to 76.25),the prostate volume was(45.01±7.18)cm3,and the median total prostate-specific antigen(tPSA)level was 10.77 ng/mL(range:7.30 to 14.86).Two patients were classified as T1 stage,25 as T2,and 9 as T3.Gleason scores were ≤6 in 7 patients and ≥8 in 8 patients.Risk classification was low risk in 2 patients and high risk in 8 patients.Postoperatively,urinary control rates at 1,3,and 6 months were 91.67％,97.22％,and 100％,respectively.MRI revealed a median new urethra length of 15.13 mm(range:12.71 to 20.26)and a median wall thickness of 6.84 mm(range:6.18 to 8.20).The urethral lumen had a complete muscular layer and mucosal layer,which appeared petal-like.In patients with urinary incontinence,residual urine was visible in the new urethra and at the anastomosis site.Of the 19 patients who underwent VCUG,16 could close the new urethra during the storage and interrupted voiding phases,and open it during the voiding phase;3 could not close it well during the storage and interrupted voiding phases.Conclusion MRI and VCUG clearly demonstrate that the BWN technique can successfully create a new urethra with good functionality,which helps improve urinary control after RALP for prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE To establish the project approval evaluation system for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） preparations in medical institutions guided by new drug conversion， to improve the success rate of approval for TCM preparations in medical institutions and lay the foundation for the later drug conversion. METHODS Research and development team used the literature research method and brainstorming method to list and organize relevant elements of project evaluation and determine the initial indicator system. Experts were consulted using the Delphi method to confirm the evaluation index. The weights were calculated based on the proportion of importance scores for each indicator and assigned specific scores to each item. The indicator system was used to evaluate 31 TCM preparations applied for filing by various departments of our hospital from April to July 2023. RESULTS After two rounds of 17 experts’ consultation， the final TCM preparation system included five primary indicators， i.e. theoretical basis， clinical research foundation， pharmaceutical foundation， prescription， and clinical value， as well as 17 secondary indicators including prescription source， traditional Chinese medicine theory， clinical positioning and so on. Human experience was considered as the item which would be rejected as one vote. Based on the above indicator system， our hospital further improved the filing and project approval process for TCM preparations in medical institutions. Among the 31 TCM preparations applied for filing by various departments from April to July 2023， 8 TCM preparations with a score ≥65 were selected for development. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation system is objective， comprehensive， and highly operable. It is suitable for the selection of TCM preparations in medical institutions before research and development.

China prospective multicenter birth cohort (Prospective Omics Health Atlas birth cohort, POHA birth cohort) study was officially launched in 2022. This study, in collaboration with 12 participating units, aims to establish a high-quality, multidimensional cohort comprising 20 000 naturally conceived families and assisted reproductive families. The study involves long-term follow-up of parents and offspring, with corresponding biological samples collected at key time points. Through multi-omics testing and analysis, the study aims to conduct multi-omics big data research across the entire maternal and infant life cycle. The goal is to identify new biomarkers for maternal and infant diseases and provide scientific evidence for risk prediction related to maternal diseases and neonatal health.

Objective:To analyze the monitoring results of human brucellosis prevention and control project in Gansu Province, in order to provide reference for the next revision of prevention and control plans.Methods:The data from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System" in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022 and the annual data of human brucellosis cases reported by the active monitoring reports in various project counties (districts) were input into Excel 2016 software and a database was established. The epidemiological situation of brucellosis, the coverage of brucellosis prevention and control projects, the number of detected cases and health education were analyzed and compared by descriptive epidemiological method.Results:From 2016 to 2022, 70 to 82 out of 86 counties (districts) in Gansu Province were found to have human outbreaks of brucellosis, with brucellosis prevention and control projects covering 17 to 43 counties (districts). A total of 19 855 cases of human brucellosis were reported online in the province, with an average annual incidence of 11.07/100 000 and an annual incidence ranging from 6.03/100 000 to 20.89/100 000. There was a statistically significant difference in incidence among years (χ 2 = 5 264.84, P < 0.001). Through active monitoring, a total of 433 303 cases of brucellosis (tiger red plate agglutination test, RBT) were initially screened in project counties (districts) throughout the province, with 13 277 positive cases and a positive rate of 3.06% (13 277/433 303). Then the laboratory confirmed test (test-tube agglutination test, SAT) for brucellosis was carried out, with 9 967 positive cases and a positive rate of 2.30% (9 967/433 303). The infection rate of brucellosis in the population (SAT positive) was compared between different years, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 600.12, P < 0.001). In the project counties (districts), 7 481 confirmed cases of brucellosis were detected by active surveillance, and 15 794 cases were reported online, accounting for 47.37% (7 481/15 794) of the total number of cases reported online. The average awareness rate of brucellosis knowledge among medical personnel increased from 70.49% before training to 88.89% after training. The average awareness rate of brucellosis prevention and control knowledge among high-risk groups increased from 63.49% before health education to 89.05% after health education, and the behavior formation rate increased from 62.84% to 86.04%. Conclusions:From 2016 to 2022, the epidemic scope of human brucellosis in Gansu Province has been expanding year by year, and the coverage of prevention and control project is relatively small. The proportion of cases detected through active screening is relatively low. It is necessary to increase special funding investment, expand project coverage, strengthen high-risk group screening, education and behavioral intervention, and follow-up management of acute stage patient, so as to identify patients as early as possible and curb the upward trend of the epidemic.

Objective:To investigate the application of (4R)-4-(3-[ 18F]fluoranyl-5-fluorophenyl)-1-((3-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one( 18F-SynVesT-1), a synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) radioactive tracer, in patients with Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Methods:A total of 20 AD patients (2 males, 18 females, age (66.4±8.1) years) with positive β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and 20 normal controls (NC; 9 males, 11 females, age (62.6±8.6) years ) without Aβ deposition were retrospectively recruited from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between December 2021 and December 2022. All of them underwent 18F-SynVesT-1 PET/MR and 18F-Florbetapir (AV45) PET/CT scans. Preprocessing of brain 18F-SynVesT-1 PET images was carried out using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The differences of the uptke of 18F-SynVesT-1 (synaptic density) between two groups based on ROI were compared by using either the independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between synaptic density and cognitive performance. For voxelwise analysis, a general linear model was constructed to analyze differences in synaptic density between the two groups using the independent-sample t test. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model was developed to explore the relationship between synaptic density and cognitive performance. Results:Compared to the NC group, the AD group exhibited significant widespread reduction in synaptic density across the cortical regions ( P<0.05, false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected), particularly in the medial temporal lobe (0.84±0.09 vs 1.04±0.09; t=-6.95, P<0.001), lateral temporal lobe (1.15±0.13 vs 1.31±0.08; t=-4.56, P<0.001), and lateral parietal lobe (1.24(1.04, 1.26) vs 1.32(1.23, 1.39); z=-3.25, P=0.001). Moreover, synaptic density in extensive cortical regions showed a positive correlation with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment-basic (MoCA-B) scores ( P<0.05, FDR-corrected). Notably, significant associations were observed between MMSE and MoCA-B scores and synaptic density in the lateral temporal lobe ( rs values: 0.71, 0.74, both P<0.001) and medial temporal lobe ( rs values: 0.71, 0.74, both P<0.001). Conclusions:18F-SynVesT-1 PET imaging is a valuable tool for evaluating synaptic density, specifically in the context of AD. The observed widespread reduction in synaptic density across cortical regions of patients with AD are closely related to cognitive decline.

The scrap management of the level Ⅱ biosafety cabinet in some institution from 2019 to 2021 was introduced.The level l[biosafety cabinet was analyzed in terms of the causes for the failures,service length and the correlation between them.Some suggestions were put forward including standardizing the utilization,maintenance and scrap management of the biosafety cabinet.References were provided for ensuring the biosafety and operation of the laboratory.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(10):91-94]

PURPOSE: High explosives are used to produce blast waves to study their biological effects. The lungs are considered as the critical target organ in blast-effect studies. The degree of lung hemorrhaging is related to both the explosive power and the increased lung weight. We studied the characteristics of the biological effects from an air explosion of a thermobaric bomb in a high-altitude environment and the lethality and lung injury severity of goats in different orientations and distances. METHODS: Goats were placed at 2.5, 3, 4, and 5 m from the explosion center and exposed them to an air blast at an altitude of 4700-meter. A group of them standing oriented to the right side and the other group seated facing the explosion center vertically. The lung injuries were quantified according to the percentage of surface area contused, and using the pathologic severity scale of lung blast injury (PSSLBI) to score the 4 injury categories (slight, moderate, serious and severe) as 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The lung coefficient (lung weight [g]/body weight [kg]) was the indicator of pulmonary edema and was related to lung injury severity. Blast overpressure data were collected using blast test devices placed at matching locations to represent loadings to goats. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 26.0, statistical software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: In total, 127 goats were involved in this study. Right-side-standing goats had a significantly higher mortality rate than those seated vertical-facing (p < 0.05). At the 2.5 m distance, the goat mortality was nearly 100%, whereas at 5 m, all the goats survived. Lung injuries of the right-side-standing goats were 1 - 2 grades more serious than those of seated goats at the same distances, the scores of PSSLBI were significantly higher than the seated vertical-facing goats (p < 0.05). The lung coefficient of the right-side-standing goats were significantly higher than those of seated vertical-facing (p < 0.05). Mortality, PSSLBI, and the lung coefficient results indicated that the right-side-standing goats experienced severer injuries than the seated vertical-facing goats, and the injuries were lessened as the distance increased. The blast overpressure was consistent with these results. CONCLUSION The main killing factors of the thermobaric bomb in the high-altitude environment were blast overpressure, blast wind propulsions and burn. The orientation and distances of the goats significantly affected the blast injury severity. These results may provide a research basis for diagnosing, treating and protecting against injuries from thermobaric explosions.
Animals ; Lung Injury/etiology* ; Blast Injuries ; Goats ; Explosions ; Lung/pathology*

Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology* ; Multiomics ; Trastuzumab ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics* ; Machine Learning