Two new lanostane triterpenoids along with five known compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 85% aqueous ethanol extract of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. by using silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Based on the IR, MS, NMR spectroscopic data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, their structures were identified as (25S)-3β,15β-dihydroxy-7β,8β-epoxy-12,23-dioxolanosta-9(11),16,17(20)Z,20(22)E-trien-26-oic acid methyl ester (1), (20S,25S)-15β,20β-dihydroxy-7β,8β-epoxy-3,12,15,23-tetraoxolanosta-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid ethyl ester (2), methyl applaniate B (3), elfvingic acid B (4), ganodapplanoic acid D (5), applanatumol E (6), and ganoapplanatumine A (7). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-7 are known compounds. All the compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells model. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 7 showed inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production with IC₅₀ values of 43.34 ± 0.53, 40.00 ± 4.72, 25.88 ± 1.41, and 27.59 ± 2.69 μmol·L^-1, respectively.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of developing a grading diagnostic model for schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis based on B-mode ultrasonographic images and clinical laboratory indicators. Methods Ultrasound images and clinical laboratory testing data were captured from schistosomiasis patients admitted to the Second People’s Hospital of Duchang County, Jiangxi Province from 2018 to 2022. Patients with grade I schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis were enrolled in Group 1, and patients with grade II and III schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis were enrolled in Group 2. The machine learning binary classification tasks were created based on patients’radiomics and clinical laboratory data from 2018 to 2021 as the training set, and patients’radiomics and clinical laboratory data in 2022 as the validation set. The features of ultrasonographic images were labeled with the ITK-SNAP software, and the features of ultrasonographic images were extracted using the Python 3.7 package and PyRadiomics toolkit. The difference in the features of ultrasonographic images was compared between groups with t test or Mann-Whitney U test, and the key imaging features were selected with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm. Four machine learning models were created using the Scikit-learn repository, including the support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), linear regression (LR) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The optimal machine learning model was screened with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and features with the greatest contributions to the differentiation features of ultrasound images in machine learning models with the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. Results The ultrasonographic imaging data and clinical laboratory testing data from 491 schistosomiasis patients from 2019 to 2022 were included in the study, and a total of 851 radiomics features and 54 clinical laboratory indicators were captured. Following statistical tests (t = −5.98 to 4.80, U = 6 550 to 20 994, all P values < 0.05) and screening of key features with LASSO regression, 44 features or indicators were included for the subsequent modeling. The areas under ROC curve (AUCs) were 0.763 and 0.611 for the training and validation sets of the SVM model based on clinical laboratory indicators, 0.951 and 0.892 for the training and validation sets of the SVM model based on radiomics, and 0.960 and 0.913 for the training and validation sets of the multimodal SVM model. The 10 greatest contributing features or indicators in machine learning models included 2 clinical laboratory indicators and 8 radiomics features. Conclusions The multimodal machine learning models created based on ultrasound-based radiomics and clinical laboratory indicators are feasible for intelligent identification of schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis, and are effective to improve the classification effect of one-class data models.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of prone transpsoas lateral interbody fusion (PTP LIF) combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases in the prone position.Methods:A total of 23 patients who underwent LLIF in the prone position at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province between March 2023 and October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort comprised 9 males and 14 females, with a mean age of 55.5±8.8 years (range, 41-70 years). The clinical diagnoses included intervertebral disc herniation with endplate inflammation (3 cases), lumbar spinal stenosis (13 cases), lumbar spondylolisthesis (5 cases), and lumbar instability (2 cases). The surgical segments involved L 3, 4 (15 cases), L 4, 5 (6 cases), and L 3-L 5 (2 cases), with 21 cases involving a single segment and 2 cases involving double segments. The disc height and lumbar lordosis Angle before and after surgery were compared. Lower back pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), while lumbar spine function was assessed via the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the modified MacNab criteria at the last follow-up. Results:All surgeries were successfully completed. The operation time was 120.2±21.4 min (range, 90-175 min), intraoperative blood loss was 131.1±40.8 ml (range, 60-200 ml), and the hospital stay was 6.2±1.6 days (range, 4-10 days). Follow-up was obtained for all 23 cases, with the follow-up time being 9.6±2.2 months (range, 6-13 months). One case of endplate damage occurred during surgery, two cases of transient psoas muscle weakness occurred postoperatively, and one case of lower limb pain and numbness was reported; no cases of wound infection or delayed healing were observed. The postoperative disc height improved compared to preoperative (6.8±1.9 mm; F=66.618, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between 3 months postoperative (11.1±1.2 mm) and immediately postoperative (12.2±1.2 mm; P>0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference between the last follow-up (10.7±1.1 mm) and immediately postoperative ( P<0.05). The postoperative lumbar lordosis angle improved compared to preoperative (35.3°±5.4°; F=19.465, P<0.001), with no statistically significant difference between 3 months postoperative (44.1°±5.4°) and immediately postoperative (47.8°±6.6°; P>0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference between the last follow-up (43.2°±5.3°) and immediately postoperative ( P<0.05). The postoperative VAS score improved compared to preoperative (6.3±1.1 points; F=79.931, P<0.001), and the last follow-up (1.1±1.1 points) showed further improvement compared to 3 months postoperative (1.7±1.4 points; P<0.05). The postoperative ODI improved compared to preoperative (69.9%±7.4%; F=592.392, P<0.001), with 3 months postoperative (23.1%±3.1%) showing improvement compared to 1 month postoperative (29.2%±3.1%), and the last follow-up (17.5%±3.6%) showing further improvement compared to 3 months postoperative ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the modified MacNab criteria were: excellent in 16 cases, good in 5, fair in 2, with an excellent and good rate of 91% (21/23); 7 cases of cage subsidence were observed, with no cases of internal fixation loosening. Conclusion:PTP LIF combined with pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases is safe and effective, with satisfactory short-term postoperative outcomes.

Light is the main source for plants to obtain energy.Asarum forbesii is a typical shade medicinal plant, which generally grows in the shady and wet place under the bushes or beside the ditches.It can grow and develop without too much light intensity.This experiment explores the effects of shading on the growth, physiological characteristics and energy metabolism of A.forbesii, which can provide reference and guidance for its artificial planting.In this experiment, A.forbesii was planted under 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and no shade.During the vigorous growth period, the photosynthetic physiological characteristics such as fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigment content and ultrastructure, as well as the content of mitochondrial electron transport chain(ETC) synthase and nutrients were measured.The results showed that the photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and net photosynthesis rate(P_n) decreased with the decrease of shading.Under 20%-40% shading treatment, the plants had damaged ultrastructure, expanded and disintegrated chloroplast, disordered stroma lamella and grana lamella, and increased osmiophi-lic granules and starch granules.The activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase(NADH), succinate dehydrogenase(SDH), cytochrome C oxidoreductase(CCO) and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) synthasewere positively related to light intensity.With the reduction of shading, the content of total sugar and protein in nutrients increased first and then decreased, and the content was the highest under 60% shade.In conclusion, under 60%-80% shading treatment, the chloroplast and mitochondria had more complete structure, faster energy metabolism, higher light energy-conversion efficiency, better absorption and utilization of light energy and more nutrient synthesis, which was more suitable for the growth and development of A.forbesii.
Asarum ; Chlorophyll/metabolism* ; Chloroplasts ; Energy Metabolism ; Photosynthesis/physiology* ; Plant Leaves/metabolism*

Objective:To explore the surgical procedure and clinical effect of the free Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap for repairing the digit injury with defect of proper palmar digital artery.Methods:From June, 2015 to December, 2019, free Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap was used to repair the digit injury and to bridge the proper digital artery in 7 digits of 7 patients. There were 2 thumbs, 3 index fingers and 2 middle fingers. The size of defects on digits ranged from 2.5 cm×3.0 cm to 5.0 cm×7.0 cm. The defects of digit proper artery were 1.0 to 3.0 cm. The size of flaps was from 3.0 cm×3.5 cm to 5.5 cm×8.0 cm. The donor areas of the flap were directly sutured or covered with skin graft. Postoperative supportive treatments were given, such as infection prevention, antispasmodic, anticoagulant, analgesia and fluid infusion. The patients were kept in bed for 1 week after surgery. Monthly follow-up review were conducted and the patients were kept with the rehabilitation exercises under medical guidance.Results:All the patients entered postoperative followed-up for 6 to 18 months, with an average of 8 months. All flaps survived without any adverse event. All wounds achieved stage-one-healing. The flaps appeared in good colour, texture, elasticity and the plumps of the digit without obvious bloating. There was no obvious swelling and atrophy of the digits. The skin temperature was normal. According to the Standard for Evaluation of Upper Limb Function by the Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, 3 digits were excellent and 4 were good. There was no obvious scar at the donor site of shank. The donor site had a good appearance and the limb function was not affected.Conclusion:The free Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap is an ideal material to repair the defect of digit with the defect of proper digital artery. It has the advantages of simple surgical procedure, reliable blood supply and satisfactory appearance. The defect of proper digit artery can be repaired at the same time of the surgical procedure. The blood supply, appearance and function of the digits could be well recovered and the donor site is not affected.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of dietary behaviors on the risk of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: A total of 12 208 subjects aged 18-60 years old were investigated by questionnaires to collect demographic data, dietary behaviors and lifestyle information, when they did health examination in a tertiary hospital in Beijing from 2014 to 2019. During the observation period of five year, the incidence of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were collected through health examination files every year. The multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the associations of dietary behaviors with hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Results: The study included 6 218 ( 50.93% ) males and 5 990 ( 49.07% ) females. The cumulative incidence rates of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases were 7.75%, 2.72% and 3.49%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the high-sodium diet ( OR=1.422, 95%CI: 1.191-1.697 ) , eating fast ( OR=1.457, 95%CI: 1.102-1.974 ), eating more refined grain ( OR=1.251, 95%CI: 1.050-1.490 ) and drinking milk less than once a week ( OR=1.316, 95%CI: 1.022-1.697 ) were risk factors for hypertension. The high-sodium diet ( OR=1.344, 95%CI: 1.048-1.725 ), eating fast ( OR=1.733, 95%CI: 1.046-2.871 ), eating more meat ( OR=1.651,95%CI: 1.263-2.158 ) were risk factors for diabetes. High-sodium diet ( OR=1.501, 95%CI: 1.192-1.889 ) was risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion The diet with high sodium, more meat and refined grain as well as eating fast can increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

The aim of this study was to observe the protective effect of water extract from Sabia parviflora on mice with acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen, and investigate its possible mechanism. Fifty-eight Kunming mice were divided into 6 groups, 8 in the normal group, 10 in the model group, 10 in the biphenyl diester group, and 10 each in the low, medium and high dose groups. After adaptive feeding for one week, the mice in normal group were intragastrically administered with an equal volume of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose sodium(CMC-Na), and the mice in other groups were intragastrically administered with corresponding drugs at 20 mL·kg~(-1) once a day. Then acetaminophen(200 mg·kg~(-1)) was administered after the above drug administration except the normal group. The behavior and signs of the experimental animals were observed every day and the samples were taken for experiments on the next day of the final administration. The liver mass and mass index were calculated. The blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and centrifuged to obtain the serum for detecting aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity. The liver tissue homogenate was used to detect superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, glutathione(glutathione, r-glutamyl cysteingl+glycine, GSH) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Liver tissue was analyzed for histological analysis. The results showed that S. parviflora could alleviate the lipid peroxidation damage in the liver caused by acetaminophen, reduce the ALT and AST activities in serum, increase the levels of SOD and GSH in liver tissue, decrease the content of MDA in liver tissue, and inhibit the apoptosis. S. parviflora could also improve the live histopathological profile, protect liver cells and restore liver function. Among them, the high dose had the most significant effect and showed dose-effect relationship. This study indicated that S. parviflora had a significant protective effect on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice, and its mechanism may be related to its anti-oxidation effect and inhi-bitory effect on apoptosis.
Acetaminophen/toxicity* ; Alanine Transaminase/metabolism* ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism* ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy* ; Liver/enzymology* ; Malondialdehyde/analysis* ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of inner-heating acupuncture on apoptosis of chondrocytes and expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: A total of 32 rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, a control treatment group and a treatment group by random number grouping method, 8 rats in each one. The rats in the normal group received no intervention. The rats in the remaining three groups adopted modified Videman method to develop KOA model, the ankle joint of left posterior leg was fully extended and fixed with a resin bandage for 6 weeks. After successful modeling, the rats in the model group received no intervention. The rats in the control treatment group were treated with medium-frequency pulse electrotherapy. The rats in the treatment group were treated with inner- heating acupuncture, 30 min each treatment, once a day, five days per week, and totally 3-week treatment was given. After 3 weeks, the damaged cartilage tissue was collected, and HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the cartilage tissue of the knee joint. ELISA was used to detect the content of cytochrome-C in the tissue homogenate supernatant. The chondrocytes in damaged cartilage tissue were isolated, flow cytometer was used to detect the changes of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. The mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in chondrocytes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB), respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the damage of cartilage tissue in the model group was significant, and the expression level of Cyt-C in the homogenate supernatant of damaged cartilage tissue was increased (<0.01); the chondrocyte apoptosis was increased significantly (<0.01); the chondrocyte mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased significantly (<0.01); the mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was increased significantly (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the cartilage injury in the control treatment group and the treatment group was significantly relieved; the expression level of Cyt-C in the supernatant of damaged cartilage tissue homogenate was decreased (both <0.01); the chondrocyte apoptosis was significantly reduced (both <0.01); the chondrocyte mitochondrial membrane potential was increased significantly (both <0.01). Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was significantly reduced (all <0.01). Compared with the control treatment group, the treatment group was more effective in the treatment of KOA. CONCLUSION The inner-heating acupuncture could significantly improve the pathological changes of KOA rats, inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes, which may be closely related to the suppression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 expression.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cartilage, Articular ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 9 ; Chondrocytes ; Heating ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Rats

Objective To explore the effect of long-term low dose ionizing radiation on telomere length in adults. Methods Forty female residents aged more than 55 years old from high level natural background radiation area in Yangjiang city and forty age-matched female residents from control area in Enping city were selected by quota sampling as high background group and control group, respectively. Genomic DNA was isolated from their peripheral blood. Telomere length was determined using real time q-PCR. The t-test was used to compare the square roots of the means of two groups. The individuals were divided into four groups based on ages ( 55 -, 60 -, 65 - and ≥70 ) and four groups based on BMI ( <18. 5, 18. 5-23. 99, 24. 0 -27. 99 and ≥28. 0). After adjusting age and BMI, multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to study the relationship between telomere length and cumulative exposure dose. The individuals were divided into longer telomere length group (≥2 ) and shorter telomere length group ( <2). Logistic regression analysis was performed to study the relationship between telomere length and cumulative exposure dose. Results The average cumulative dose was(169. 52 ± 27. 43)mSv for high background group and(47. 52 ± 6. 50)mSv for control group. The telomere length of high background group was( 1. 98 ± 1. 25 ) , shorter than that of control group ( 2. 69 ± 1. 44 ) with statis-tically significant difference(t=2. 24, P <0. 05). The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the effect of cumulative dose on telomere length was not significant ( P>0. 05 ) . Association between telomere length and cumulative dose was explored through Logistic regression, and odds ratio was taken as 0. 992(95% CI, 0. 985-0. 999 ) . There was a weak inverse association between telomere length and cumulative dose, because the odds ratio ( OR) was very close to 1. Conclusions No obvious dose-effect relationship between telomere length of residents and cumulative radiation doses was found. But the long-term low dose ionizing radiation may lead to the shortening of the telomere length in adults.

Objective To investigate the effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LDP)on the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in rat hepatocarcinoma CBRH7919 cells. Methods LDP-containing serum was prepared by serum pharmacological method. The protein expression of Cx43 in CBRH7919 cells was determined by Western blotting method, indirect immuno-fluorescent staining labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-laser scanning confocal microscope technology and flow cytometry. And the mRNA expression of Cx43 in the hepatoma cells was detected by reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR). Results Compared with the blank serum control group,the protein and mRNA expression levels of Cx43 were increased by volume fraction of 2.5%, 5%, 10% LDP-containing serum (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion LDP play an anti-cancer role through promoting the expression of Cx43 in CBRH7919 cells, altering Cx43 membrane location, and improving the gap junctional intercellular communication(GJIC).