Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Objective To investigate the causes of infertility and its pathological mechanism in female SD rats with spontaneous dwarfism(short stature rat,SSR).Methods Adult wildtype and SSR female SD rats were used in this study.A vaginal smear was used to observe changes in the motile cycle.Ovulation promotion was compared using the simultaneous estrus supernumerary ovulation method.Ovarian and uterine weight and body weight,and ovarian and uterine indices were measured.AMH,E2,FSH,LH,and FSH/LH levels in serum were measured.Transcriptome sequencing of ovarian tissues was performed to analyze gene expression differences.Results No abnormalities were observed in the estrous cycle of SSR female rats.The body weight of SSR female rats was significantly lower than that of wildtype rats,and their ovarian and uterine indices were significantly higher than that of wildtype rats.The mean number of ovulations was significantly higher in wildtype rats than in SSR female infertile rats(P<0.001).Serum AMH(P<0.01)and E2(P<0.05)levels were significantly higher in wildtype rats than in SSR female infertile rats,and serum levels of FSH,LH,and FSH/LH(P<0.05)were significantly lower in SSR infertile females than in SSR infertile rats,while PROG showed no significant difference.Transcriptome sequencing yielded 250 differentially expressed genes,including 190 upregulated and 60 downregulated genes.p53 signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.The MCC,MNC,EPC,and degree calculations of the CytoHubba plug-in were used to screen the top 10 significant nodes.The intersection was used to finally obtain nine hub genes,namely Cxcl1,Cxcl2,IL1a,IL1b,Cd80,Mmp13,Mmp8,Fgf3,and Ptgs2.Conclusions Infertility in SSR female rats may be related to a decreased ovarian reserve function and poor ovarian response.Cxcl1,Cxcl2,IL1a,IL1b,Cd80,Mmp13,Mmp8,Fgf3,and Ptgs2 were associated with infertility,laying a theoretical foundation to further explore infertility mechanisms.

“Cold-dampness entering ying （营）” is the key to the worsening of cold-dampness epidemic， and is more common in the elderly or critically ill cases of cold-dampness epidemic with pathogen exuberance and healthy qi deficiency. This paper reported a case of critically ill COVID-19 combined with multiple organ dysfunction treated by integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine based on “cold-dampness entering ying” theory. The patient did not have high fever after being infected with SARS-Cov-2， but D-dimer continued to increase， and she developed multiple thrombosis throughout the body and multiple organ dysfunctions such as pulmonary embolism， edema， oliguria， and shock. The patient were with enlarged and dusky tongue， with yellow， thick and greasy coating， and sublingual blood stasis， and thready， rapid and rough pulse. All these were characteristic manifestations of “cold-dampness entering ying”， and was differentiated as cold-dampness stasis. For the treatment， symptomatic and supportive western medicine of improving heart function， anti-infection， relieving asthma， stopping cough and reducing phlegm was given as the basic therapy， and additionally， traditional Chinese medicine to open the constraint and the blocked， save from collapse and restore yang， boost qi and relieve collapse， invigorate blood and drain water was used， usually with Modified Poge Zilong Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction （破格子龙宣白承气汤加减）， which was in accordance with the pathogenesis and thus achieving good effect.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in ameliorating erectile dysfunction (ED) after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: The composition of BHD was verified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis. Bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury (BCNI) in rats was used to mimic the neurovascular injury occurring after RP. By the envelope method, forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: sham (cavernous nerves exposed only), model (BCNI), low-dosage BHD [LBHD, 12.8 g/(kg·d)], and high-dosage BHD [HBHD, 51.2 g/(kg·d)] groups, 10 rats in each group, feeding for 3 weeks respectively. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Changes in the histopathology of corpus cavernosum (CC) were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Meanwhile, the fibrosis of CC was measured by Masson's trichrome staining and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of collagen I, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF- β 1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Apoptosis index was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Western blot for determining the expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax). The oxidative stress in the CC were assessed by the superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The proteins expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun were detected by Western blot. In addition, the expression of α-SMA and p-c-Jun in the CC was observed by double immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: The UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that BHD contained calycosin-7-O- β -D-glucoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin. Compared with the model group, LBHD and HBHD treatment improved the ICP and the circumference, area, and weight of CC (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, LBHD and HBHD treatments increased CC smooth muscle content and decreased apoptosis index (P<0.05 or P<0.01). LBHD and HBHD also elevated SOD and expression level of α -SMA and Bcl-2, and reduced MDA and ROS levels, as well as expression of TGF- β 1, collagen I, Bax, p-c-JNK, p-JNK in the CC compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The double immunofluorescence staining showed that the fluorescence degree of p-c-Jun in both LBHD and HBHD treatment groups was significantly reduced, whereas the α -SMA expression increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS BHD can improve ED of rats with BCNI, which is related to inhibiting fibrosis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress of CC. The ROS/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway may play an important role in the process.
Male ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Collagen ; Fibrosis ; Disease Models, Animal

As a generally-recognized-as-safe microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely studied chassis cell for the production of high-value or bulk chemicals in the field of synthetic biology. In recent years, a large number of synthesis pathways of chemicals have been established and optimized in S. cerevisiae by various metabolic engineering strategies, and the production of some chemicals have shown the potential of commercialization. As a eukaryote, S. cerevisiae has a complete inner membrane system and complex organelle compartments, and these compartments generally have higher concentrations of the precursor substrates (such as acetyl-CoA in mitochondria), or have sufficient enzymes, cofactors and energy which are required for the synthesis of some chemicals. These features may provide a more suitable physical and chemical environment for the biosynthesis of the targeted chemicals. However, the structural features of different organelles hinder the synthesis of specific chemicals. In order to ameliorate the efficiency of product biosynthesis, researchers have carried out a number of targeted modifications to the organelles grounded on an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of different organelles and the suitability of the production of target chemicals biosynthesis pathway to the organelles. In this review, the reconstruction and optimization of the biosynthesis pathways for production of chemicals by organelle mitochondria, peroxisome, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and vacuole compartmentalization in S. cerevisiae are reviewed in-depth. Current difficulties, challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism* ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism* ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism* ; Metabolic Engineering ; Vacuoles/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the simultaneous determination of 16 compounds from Artemisia ordosica. METHODS: HPLC was used to analyze 16 quality indicators of A. ordosica. The HPLC conditions were as follows: Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈ column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile (A)-water (B) as mobile phase, gradient elution: 0-10 min, 75%-65% B; 10-30 min, 65%-35% B; and finally 30-40 min, 35%-15% B. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 40 °C, the injection volume was 10 μL, and monitored by absorbance at 285 nm for compounds 1- 10, 12 and 225 nm for compounds 11, 13- 16. RESULTS: Under the selected experimental chromatographic conditions, compounds 1- 16 showed good linearity (r > 0.9993) in a wide concentration range. Their average recoveries were 99.50%, 95.38%, 97.75%, 96.00%, 98.20%, 97.50%, 95.50%, 99.33%, 96.75%, 96.50%, 98.50%, 97.83%, 99.20%, 95.33%, 97.33% and 96.30%, respectively, and the RSD were 1.99%, 1.81%, 1.63%, 1.98%, 1.67%, 1.92%, 1.74%, 1.67%, 1.90%, 1.72%, 1.88%, 1.83%, 1.79%, 1.76%, 1.81% and 1.96%, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the HPLC analysis, it was concluded that p-hydroxycinnamic acid ( 1), O-hydroxycinnamic acid ( 2), coniferyl alcohol ( 5), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavanone ( 8), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone ( 9), 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavanone ( 12), dehydrofalcarindiol ( 13), arteordoyn A ( 14), dehydrofalcarinol ( 15) and capillarin ( 16) are best suited for the role of quality indicators of A. ordosica grown in different ecological environments.

This study evaluated the regulatory effect of curcumin on memory follicular T cells (mTf) in obese mice with ulcerative colitis on the basis of determining its effective treatment of ulcerative colitis in obese mice. Forty male leptin mutant (ob/ob) mice were randomly divided into control group, control + curcumin group, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) group and DSS + curcumin group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in the DSS group and the DSS + curcumin group were induced by DSS to establish chronic ulcerative colitis model, and mice in the control + curcumin group and the DSS + curcumin group were given curcumin (200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) by intragastric administration. Mice were sacrificed under anesthesia, and colon mass index, colon length and other conditions were observed in each group. Pathological injury of colonic was performed after HE staining. The levels of memory follicular helper T cells (mTfh) and memory follicular regulatory T cells (mTfr) in spleen of mice were detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in colon tissue were detected by ELISA. The results showed that curcumin significantly increased the body weight and colon length of obese mice with colitis, and decreased the colon weight, colon mass index and pathological score (P < 0.05). Curcumin significantly reduced the levels of central memory follicular T cells (cmTf), mTfh1, mTfh17 cells and the content of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A (P < 0.01). The levels of effector memory follicular T cells (emTf) and mTfr and the content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Therefore, curcumin may treat colitis in obese mice by regulating the balance of mTf cell subsets.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Mori Folium extract on the glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in the liver of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor α/carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 （PI3K/Akt/PPARα/CPT-1） signaling pathway. MethodThe T2DM model was induced by the high-fat diet combined with the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ）. The model rats were randomly divided into a model group， a metformin （0.2 g·kg^-1） group， and a Mori Folium water extract （4.0 g·kg^-1） group according to blood glucose and body weight. In the 8-week administration， fasting blood glucose was measured at the same time every week. The histomorphological and fat changes in the rat liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and oil red O staining. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in the serum were measured by biochemical methods. Western blot （WB） was used to quantitatively detect the protein expression of p-PI3K，PI3K，p-Akt，Akt，PPARα，and CPT-1 in the rat liver. ResultAfter 8-week administration， the blood glucose of rats was higher in the model group than that in the control group （P<0.01）， and lower in the Mori Folium water extract group than that in the model group （P<0.01）. The results of HE staining showed that the liver tissue structure of the control group was complete， and the hepatocytes were arranged radially around the central vein， while the hepatocyte injury in the model group was obvious. Compared with the model group， the Mori Folium water extract group showed improved vacuolar degeneration and no lesions such as small bile duct hyperplasia. Oil red O staining showed that there was no obvious steatosis and necrosis in the hepatocytes of rats in the control group， and no lipid droplets in the hepatocytes were observed， while the model group showed increased lipid droplets. Mori Folium significantly reduced the lipid droplets in the liver. Biochemical analysis showed that the levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， AST， and ALT in the model group were significantly higher than those in control group （P<0.01）. The levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， AST， and ALT in the Mori Folium water extract group were significantly lower than those in the model group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. WB showed that the protein expression of p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， PPARα， and CPT-1 in the model group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. Mori Folium water extract could increase the protein expression of p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， PPARα， and CPT-1 （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. ConclusionThe hypoglycemic mechanism of Mori Folium water extract may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/PPARα/CPT-1 signaling pathway.

【Objective】 To compare the clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic （UBE） and microscopic discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation （LDH） and to explore the safety and effectiveness of this operation. 【Methods】 A total of 87 LDH patients from July 2018 to July 2021 were analyzed retrospectively， including 42 cases of unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy and 45 cases of microscopic discectomy. Analysis was based on comparison of perioperative metrics， operation time， and estimated blood loss. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using visual analogue scale （VAS）， Oswestry disability index （ODI） and modified Macnab criterion. 【Results】 All patients were followed up for 13.3±1.18 months. In UBE group， operation time （57.12±6.35） min was shorter than that in the microscope group （62.21±7.09） min and estimated blood loss （29.31±3.62） mL was smaller than that in the microscope group （51.77±8.43） mL， with a significant difference （P<0.05）. The two groups of patients had significantly lower back pain VAS score， leg pain VAS score， and ODI index than those before operation （P<0.05）. The VAS score of lower back pain at 3 days after operation and the ODI index at 1 month after operation were significantly lower in UBE group than in the microscope group （P<0.05）. At other time points， there was no significant difference in lower back pain VAS score， leg pain VAS score or ODI index （P>0.05）. Dural sac tear occurred in 2 cases in UBE group and 3 cases in the microscope group； the incidence was not statistically significant （P>0.05）. Modified MacNab criterion evaluation at the last follow-up showed that 32 cases were excellent in UBE group， 7 cases were good， and 3 cases were fair， with the excellent and good rate of 92.9% （39/42）. The microscope group was excellent in 31 cases， good in 10 cases， and fair in 4 cases， with the excellent and good rate of 91.1% （41/45）. 【Conclusion】 UBE for LDH has a satisfactory short-term clinical efficacy， with the advantages of less trauma， greater efficiency， clear vision， and large operating space. Both UBE and microscopic discectomy can achieve good clinical results in treating LDH， but the former has the advantages of less trauma， high efficiency， and quick postoperative recovery.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of lateral elbow dislocation approach with non-dislocation approach for open reduction and internal fixation of distal humeral coronal fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 26 patients with distal humeral coronal fracture admitted to Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University from January 2018 to October 2021, including 10 males and 16 females, aged 15-80 years [(51.6±4.9)years]. According to Dubberley classification, there were 10 patients with type 2A, 5 with type 2B, 6 with type 3A and 5 with type 3B. Overall, 12 patients were operated via lateral elbow dislocation approach (dislocation approach group) and 14 via lateral elbow non-dislocation approach (non-dislocation approach group). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, incision healing, three-dimensional CT assessment of the reduction within one week after surgery (separation or step>2 mm as poor), Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) at 3 months after surgery and fracture healing at the last follow-up were recorded in both groups. Complications were also compared between the two groups.Results:All patients were followed up for 3-18 months [(10.5±3.3)months]. The operation time was (146.9±15.5)minutes in dislocation approach and (122.7±11.1)minutes in non-dislocation approach group ( P>0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume was (113.3±9.7)ml in dislocation approach and (112.9±10.1)ml in non-dislocation approach group ( P>0.05). All incisions healed uneventfully in stage I. All patients had good reduction in dislocation group, while only 7 patients had good reduction and the other 7 patients presented a separation or step>2 mm in non-dislocation group ( P<0.05). The MEPS was (90.0±1.4)points in dislocation approach group at 3 months after surgery, including 9 patients being rated as excellent and 3 good, with the excellent and good rate of 100%. In constrast, the MEPS was (78.9±2.9)points in non-dislocation approach group at 3 months after surgery, including 5 patients being rated as excellent, 4 good, 4 fair and 1 poor, with the excellent and good rate of 64.3% ( P<0.05). All fractures were healed at the last follow-up. In non-dislocation approach group, osteoarthritis occurred in 7 patients, including 3 with screw protrusion, 2 with heterotopic ossification and 2 of advanced age with osteophyte formation around the joint. In dislocation approach group, osteoarthritis occurred only in 2 patients of advanced age, showing osteophyte formation around the elbow joint, with no screw cutting or heterotopic ossification. Conclusion:For distal humeral coronal fracture, the lateral elbow dislocation approach is able to provide complete exposure of the articular surface, obtain anatomic reduction, restore elbow function and reduce complications when compared with the non-dislocation approach.