Antibody-drug conjugates （ADCs） are a novel class of anti-tumor agents composed of a targeted monoclonal antibody， a cytotoxic drug， and a linker connecting the two. They combine the high specificity of antibodies with the potent cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC） is characterized by high aggressiveness， elevated risks of recurrence and metastasis， and poor prognosis， largely due to the lack of effective therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the research progress of ADCs in the treatment of TNBC. It has been found that ADCs targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （such as trastuzumab deruxtecan）， trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 （such as sacituzumab govitecan and datopotamab deruxtecan）， zinc transporter LIV-1 （such as ladiratuzumab vedotin）， HER-3 （such as patritumab deruxtecan）， epidermal growth factor receptor （such as AVID100）， and glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B （such as glembatumumab vedotin） have all demonstrated promising therapeutic effects against TNBC. Despite challenges including acquired resistance and treatment-related toxicities， ADCs are undoubtedly reshaping the therapeutic landscape for TNBC and are expected to occupy a more central position in TNBC treatment in the future.

Objective: To analyze the school tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks and preventive treatment in Hefei from 2022 to 2024, so as to provide reference for TB prevention and control in schools. Methods: Data were collected on all school based TB outbreaks occurring during 2022-2024 in Hefei, defined as ≥2 epidemiologically linked TB cases within the same school during a single semester. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi square test. Results: Close contacts exhibited significantly higher TB incidence (2.88%) and latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) rates (13.80%) in the school TB outbreaks, compared to non close contacts (0.12% and 2.63%, respectively). Among close contacts, secondary school students showed lower TB incidence (0.48%) and LTBI prevalence (3.42%) than both primary school or younger children (0.68%, 6.95%) and college students ( 0.78% , 6.50%), with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=360.91, 6.37; 791.71, 102.03, all P <0.05). The proportion of LTBI individuals recommended for preventive therapy was higher in primary school or younger groups (98.59%) than in secondary (95.25%) or college students (86.34%) ( χ 2=25.86, P <0.01). However, among those recommended, close contacts had higher uptake (85.82%) and completion rates (87.25%) of preventive therapy than non close contacts (69.63% and 70.57%); similarly, secondary school students demonstrated higher uptake (91.21%) and completion rates (86.45%) compared to primary school or younger (88.57%, 83.87%) and college students (57.28%, 64.08%) ( χ 2=30.52, 26.72; 125.17, 38.84, all P <0.01). Subsequent TB incidence among LTBI close contacts (13.30%) and among those who did not complete preventive therapy (22.73%) were significantly higher than among non close contacts (2.80%, 2.41%), respectively ( χ 2=32.19, 13.87, both P <0.05). Conclusions In school TB outbreaks, close contacts face higher LTBI prevalence and subsequent TB risk than non close contacts. College students show notably low adherence to preventive therapy. It is necessary to take targeted measures to improve the compliance of preventive measures among students.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in the individualized treatment of a rare case of diffuse pulmonary microabscesses caused by Streptococcus constellatus complicated with organizing pneumonia （OP） in a non-immunocompromised patient. METHODS For a middle-aged， non-immunocompromised patient with a one-year disease course， whose imaging findings showed the coexistence of diffuse microabscesses and OP caused by S. constellatus pulmonary abscess， the clinical pharmacist， based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics characteristics， assisted the physician in optimizing the previously ineffective anti-infective regimen to Ceftriaxone sodium for injection combined with Metronidazole and sodium chloride injection， so as to enhance coverage of mixed anaerobes and lesion penetration. After the patient’s hemoptysis ceased， the clinical pharmacist recommended timely initiation of low-dose Methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection to manage OP. Upon discharge， sequential oral therapy with Linezolid tablets， Metronidazole tablets， Methylprednisolone tablets and Omeprazole enteric-coated tablets was prescribed. RESULTS After implementation of the individualized treatment regimen， the patient’s hemoptysis resolved， pulmonary lesions significantly regressed， and the patient was discharged in a stable condition. At the three-month follow-up， the patient remained stable. CONCLUSIONS For chronic persistent pulmonary infection complicated with OP in a non-immunocompromised host， clinical pharmacists assist clinicians in optimizing anti-infective regimens and recommend the timely initiation of anti-inflammatory therapy after infection control， thereby contributing to favorable clinical outcomes. Individualized treatment of such complex cases requires comprehensive consideration of pathogen coverage， pathological barriers， and the timing of anti-inflammatory intervention.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of hospital-prepared Chinese medicine Feigan granules for influenza patients. This study has been registered at the International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry platform (ITMCTR2025000162). METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on influenza patients who visited the Fever Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between February and March 2024. Patients were divided into the observation group (Feigan granules combined with conventional Western medicine) and the control group (conventional Western medicine). Main symptoms (including fever, cough and sore throat) and secondary symptoms (including chest tightness, poor appetite, muscle soreness and dry mouth) were evaluated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scale on the first day of the patient's visit and the third day after treatment. The degrees of improvement in the TCM symptom scores before and after treatment were compared using paired rank-sum test, and the differences in the overall symptom efficacy index between two groups were compared using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: A total of 217 influenza patients were included. After treatment, the TCM symptom scores of both groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01). The median differences in the main symptom score before and after treatment in the observation and the control groups were 7 points (95%CI: 6.0-8.0) and 6 points (95%CI: 6.0-8.0), respectively. The median difference in the secondary symptom score was 3 points (95%CI: 2.0-4.0) in both groups. The median differences in the total score were 9 points (95%CI: 8.0-10.5) and 8 points (95%CI: 7.0-10.0) in the observation and control groups, respectively. In the subgroup with an initial cough score >2, the improvement rates of total score (97.06% vs. 92.59%) and secondary symptoms (92.31% vs. 85.11%) in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); while there was no significant difference in the improvement rate of the main symptoms (95.59% vs. 90.74%, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Feigan granules can improve the TCM syndromes of influenza patients, especially for patients with more severe cough.
Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of a child with Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 8 (PFIC8). METHODS A child with PFIC diagnosed at Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University in September 2025 was selected as the study subject. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the child and her parents. Following extraction of genomic DNA, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was carried out. Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. The pathogenicity of the candidate variants was classified based on the guidelines from American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (Ethics No.: 2023-E-126-Y). RESULTS: The proband, a 2-month-old female infant, had manifested jaundice of the skin and sclera, and slightly distended abdomen. She had no visible abdominal wall varicose veins, soft abdomen, and no palpable masses. Biliary atresia was ruled out by intraoperative cholangiography. WES revealed that she has harbored compound heterozygous variants of KIF12 gene, namely c.809C>T (p.Ala270Val) and c.1313G>A (p.Arg438Lys), which were verified by Sanger sequencing to have derived from her mother and father, respectively. According to the ACMG guidelines, both variants were classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Based on the pre-defined search strategy, 10 articles were retrieved, which involved 25 PFIC cases, including 5 from China. Together with the proband of this study, the 26 PFIC patients have primarily presented with high GGT cholestasis, with the genetic cause in all cases attributed to variants of the KIF12 gene. CONCLUSION The c.809C>T and c.1313G>A compound heterozygous variants of the KIF12 gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease in this child. Above findings have enriched the mutational and phenotypic spectra of PFIC8.
Humans ; Kinesins/genetics* ; Female ; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/genetics* ; Infant ; Heterozygote ; Mutation ; Exome Sequencing ; Male

The hemodynamics within the aortic lumen is highly complex,and the mechanical stimuli generated by blood flow play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of aortic dilation disease.Endothelial cells,as key components of the vascular endothelium,respond precisely to microenvironmental changes caused by blood flow through mechanoreceptors,including ion channels,receptor tyrosine kinases,and membrane structures.These mechanoreceptors convert mechanical stresses into biochemical signals,thereby affecting the physiological functions and pathological changes of blood vessels.In recent years,significant advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms by which endothelial mechanoreceptors are involved in aortic dilation diseases.This review summarizes the research progress of mechanoreceptor-mediated endothelial cell function in regulating aortic dilation diseases and provides a perspective on future research directions,with the aim of offering new insights and potential targets for the development of clinical treatment strategies.

Objective:To explore the pain sensations and experiences of patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain, and to provide reference for the formulation of intervention plans.Methods:Objective sampling method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews on 15 patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain in the department of neurology and rehabilitation department of Wuhan No.1 Hospital from January to March 2024. The interview outline was established based on the information-knowledge-attitude-practice (IKAP) theory, and the data were analyzed, summarized and extracted by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:According to the four core components of the IKAP theory, ten themes were extracted. The information and knowledge included the neglect of the importance of early management for hemiplegic shoulder pain, the lack of understanding of the relevant knowledge about hemiplegic shoulder pain, and the use of restricted or incorrect attribution methods in relation to hemiplegic shoulder pain. The attitude included a perception of pain as uncontrollable, the suppression of pain expression, the concern regarding the persistent presence of pain, and the experience of negative emotions. The practice included the adverse effects stemming from hemiplegic shoulder pain, the strategies employed to cope with hemiplegic shoulder pain, and the expectation of multifaceted social support.Conclusions:Patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain bear many burdens and have needs in terms of pain experiences. Healthcare professionals need to strengthen pain health education and guidance, help patients develop correct pain cognition and beliefs, refine the pain management system, assist patients in establishing a diverse social support system, enhance their pain coping abilities, and comprehensively promote the rehabilitation of the disease.

The hemodynamics within the aortic lumen is highly complex,and the mechanical stimuli generated by blood flow play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of aortic dilation disease.Endothelial cells,as key components of the vascular endothelium,respond precisely to microenvironmental changes caused by blood flow through mechanoreceptors,including ion channels,receptor tyrosine kinases,and membrane structures.These mechanoreceptors convert mechanical stresses into biochemical signals,thereby affecting the physiological functions and pathological changes of blood vessels.In recent years,significant advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms by which endothelial mechanoreceptors are involved in aortic dilation diseases.This review summarizes the research progress of mechanoreceptor-mediated endothelial cell function in regulating aortic dilation diseases and provides a perspective on future research directions,with the aim of offering new insights and potential targets for the development of clinical treatment strategies.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Baoshen prescription in the treatment of stage Ⅳ diabetic nephropathy （DN） in the patients with syndromes of Qi-Yin deficiency and kidney collateral stasis and obstruction， and to explore the mechanism of this prescription delaying the disease progression. MethodsA randomized， controlled， double-blind， multicenter clinical trial was conducted， in which 94 stage Ⅳ DN patients with syndromes of Qi-Yin deficiency and kidney collateral stasis and obstruction were randomly assigned into Baoshen prescription and control groups （47 cases）. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy indicators were mainly renal function indexes， including urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR）， 24-hour urine total protein （24 h-UTP）， serum creatinine （SCr）， and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）. The secondary efficacy indicators were metabolic memory of hyperglycemia， podocyte epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation-related indexes， and TCM syndrome score. ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment， the Baoshen prescription group showed lowered levels of advanced glycation end products （lgAGEs）， connective tissue growth factor （CTGF）， type Ⅳ collagen （Col-Ⅳ）， receptor of AGEs （RAGE）， urinary fibroblast-specific protein-1 （FSP-1）， UACR， 24 h-UTP， and glycated hemoglobin （HbAlc） （P<0.05）， and an upward trend of miR-21 mRNA. The control group showed elevated levels of SCr and UREA and lowered levels of urinary FSP-1， eGFR， and HbAlc （P<0.05）. After treatment， the Baoshen prescription group had lower levels of lgAGEs， CTGF， urinary FSP-1， SCr， UACR， and 24 h-UTP and higher levels of Col-Ⅳ and eGFR than the control group （P<0.05）. In addition， the Baoshen prescription group showed statistically significant differences in SCr， eGFR， UACR， and 24 h-UTP before and after treatment （P<0.05）. ConclusionBaoshen prescription can effectively improve the renal function， reduce the urinary protein level， and alleviate clinical symptoms in stage Ⅳ DN patients with syndromes of Qi-Yin deficiency and kidney collateral stasis and obstruction. The mechanism may be related to the metabolic memory of hyperglycemia and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of podocytes.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of dysphagia in patients with congenital esophageal atre-sia(EA)after surgery and study the associated risk factors.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 103 children who underwent surgery for congenital EA at Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medi-cal University,from July 2016 to August 2023.Results A total of 103 eligible cases of congenital EA were includ-ed in this study,among which 74 cases experienced dysphagia,with an incidence rate of 71.8％.Single-factor anal-ysis revealed that primary surgery(x2=4.017,P=0.045),endoscopic surgery(x2=8.315,P=0.004),long-seg-ment defects(x2=10.975,P＜0.001),gastroesophageal reflux(x2=16.973,P＜0.001),vocal cord paralysis(x2=4.017,P=0.045),tracheomalacia(x2=5.778,P=0.016),and arytenoid movement disorder(x2=10.420,P=0.001)were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia.Further binary logistic regression analysis indi-cated that endoscopic surgery(OR=24.373,P=0.016),tracheomalacia(OR=17.556,P=0.010),and anasto-motic stenosis(OR=20.453,P=0.032)were independent risk factors for increased incidence of postoperative dys-phagia.Moreover,stratified analysis of dysphagia duration using unordered multinomial logistic regression revealed that tracheomalacia(OR=16.883,P=0.007;OR=4.337,P=0.045),long-segment defects(OR=0.040,P=0.049;OR=0.040,P=0.036),and arytenoid movement disorder(OR=0.127,P=0.039;OR=0.510,P=0.028)were closely associated with dysphagia duration.Conclusion Dysphagia is a common symptom in children with congenital EA after surgery across all age groups.Endoscopic surgery,long-segment defects,tracheomalacia,and anastomotic stenosis are independent factors contributing to postoperative dysphagia.Additionally,tracheoma-lacia,long-segment defects,and arytenoid movement disorder are closely related to the duration of dysphagia.