As a novel form of cell death, ferroptosis is mainly regulated by the accumulation of soluble iron ions in the cytoplasm and the production of lipid peroxides and is closely associated with several diseases, including acute kidney injury, ischemic reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The term "immunosuppression" refers to various factors that can directly harm immune cells' structure and function and affect the synthesis, release, and biological activity of immune molecules, leading to the insufficient response of the immune system to antigen production, failure to successfully resist the invasion of foreign pathogens, and even organ damage and metabolic disorders. An immunosuppressive phase commonly occurs in the progression of many ferroptosis-related diseases, and ferroptosis can directly inhibit immune cell function. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and immunosuppression has not yet been published due to their complicated interactions in various diseases. Therefore, this review deeply discusses the contribution of ferroptosis to immunosuppression in specific cases. In addition to offering new therapeutic targets for ferroptosis-related diseases, the findings will help clarify the issues on how ferroptosis contributes to immunosuppression.
Ferroptosis/immunology* ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance/immunology* ; Animals ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Iron/metabolism* ; Neoplasms/immunology*

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies are rapidly expanding the exploration of chemical space, facilitating innovative drug discovery. However, the transformation of novel compounds into safe and effective drugs remains a lengthy, high-risk, and costly process. Comprehensive early-stage evaluation is essential for reducing costs and improving the success rate of drug development. Despite this need, no comprehensive tool currently supports systematic evaluation and efficient screening. Here, we present druglikeFilter, a deep learning-based framework designed to assess drug-likeness across four critical dimensions: 1) physicochemical rule evaluated by systematic determination, 2) toxicity alert investigated from multiple perspectives, 3) binding affinity measured by dual-path analysis, and 4) compound synthesizability assessed by retro-route prediction. By enabling automated, multidimensional filtering of compound libraries, druglikeFilter not only streamlines the drug development process but also plays a crucial role in advancing research efforts towards viable drug candidates, which can be freely accessed at https://idrblab.org/drugfilter/.

Purpose/Significance Based on international cases,the paper analyzes the application development of artificial intelli-gence(Al)technology in the medical field,and provides references for improving the application of AI technology in the medical field in China.Method/Process The literature is searched on CNKI,and institutions with high influence in the international health technology industry are selected according to the exclusion criteria for further analysis.Result/Conclusion A total of 8 AI medical technologies relat-ed to health technology industries or teams in 7 countries are selected and included,based on the convenience and advantages brought by them,to provide references to explore and improve the research and application of AI in the medical field.

Objective:To investigate the echocardiographic features, consistency of diagnosis between fetal and postnatal periods and postnatal clinical outcomes of fetal pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) with different degrees.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study comprising 108 cases of fetal PS diagnosed during the fetal period and followed up postnatally at Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from November 2012 to February 2023. Echocardiographic characteristics, including morphological and hemodynamic features were collected for all fetuses who were then were followed up to at least 6 months after birth. One-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the differences in the echocardiographic features among fetuses with different degrees of PS. Subsequently, McNemar test was used to assess the consistency of diagnosis between the fetal and postnatal periods. Furthermore, Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the risk factors for neonatal intervention in fetuses with moderate PS and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to ascertain the optimal cut-off value for continuous variables.Results:The age of the mothers of the 108 fetuses at the initial assessment was (30.8±4.0) years, and the gestational age was 26.5 (24.6, 30.0) weeks. The fetuses were categorized into mild (17 cases), moderate (49 cases), and severe groups (42 cases) based on the initial echocardiographic features. Mild PS was characterized by valve thickening and hyperechogenicity combined with systolic flow acceleration or dilation of main pulmonary artery. Moderate PS exhibited both restricted valve motion and a colorful blood flow pattern at the valve orifice. The peak flow velocities of fetuses with moderate and critical PS were notably higher than those in the mild group ((2.66±0.86) and (2.77±1.30) vs. (1.43±0.59)m/s, F=14.52, P<0.001). In critical PS, all cases showed retrograde ductal flow, with a significantly higher proportion of a small right ventricle compared to the mild and moderate PS (42.9% (18/42) vs. 0 and 2.0% (1/49), χ2=31.73, P<0.001). The proportion of severe tricuspid regurgitation was also higher (35.7% (15/42) vs. 0 and 10.2% (5/49), χ2=36.94, P<0.001). Compared to mild and severe PS, the consistency of diagnosis between fetal and postnatal periods in moderate PS was lower (40.8% (20/49) vs.13/17 and 80.3% (35/42), χ 2=12.45, P=0.006). The systolic flow velocity was identified as an independent risk factor for neonatal intervention in fetuses with moderate PS ( OR=7.21, 95% CI2.11-24.62). A flow velocity of ≥2.18 m/s in second trimester and ≥3.15 m/s in third trimester indicated the necessity of neonatal intervention for fetal moderate PS. Among the 108 fetuses, 68 underwent surgical intervention and all survived. Additionally, 39 fetuses were regularly followed up. A sole non-surgical fatality occurred, leading to a 6-month survival rate of 99.1% (107/108). Conclusions:Various degrees of fetal PS demonstrate distinctive morphological and hemodynamic alterations in echocardiography. The disparity in severity between the postnatal and fetal stages requires ongoing monitoring for fetal PS. The prognosis for fetal PS is generally favorable.

Humans ; Amyloidosis ; Amyloid ; Cardiomyopathies

Objectives:To analyze the consistency of evaluating left ventricular hemodynamics (HDF) based on single plane and multi plane cine sequences of magnetic resonance mitral valve orifice.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 48 healthy adults, and two methods were used to measure the mitral valve diameter and calculate HDF parameters. The first method was to measure the diameter of the mitral valve opening in the left ventricular three chamber cine sequence; The second method is to measure the mitral valve diameter using cine sequences of two chamber, three chamber, and four chamber hearts, and then take the average value. Paired t-tests were used to compare the differences in HDF measured by two methods, and Pearson correlation coefficient ( r), intra group correlation coefficient ( ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis were used to test the consistency and reproducibility of the two methods. Results:The root mean square (RMS) of longitudinal HDF calculated using single plane and multi plane mitral valve diameters were [(17.28±4.41)% vs (17.21±4.61)%] ( P=0.379) for the entire cardiac cycle, [(21.45±5.54)% vs (21.49±5.68)%] ( P=0.646) for systolic phase, and [(12.78±4.10)% vs (12.54±4.24)%] ( P=0.106) for diastolic phase, respectively. The difference in the calculation results of HDF parameters related to ventricular function was not statistically significant (all P>0.05), and there was good consistency ( r=0.924-0.996, ICC=0.924-0.995). The two HDF parameters related to atrial function were sensitive to the measurement method of mitral valve orifice diameter [RMS of longitudinal HDF during active atrial emptying: (3.26±1.51)% vs (3.32±1.55)%, P=0.006; longitudinal HDF pulse during active atrial emptying: (-2.60±1.28)% vs (-2.76±1.30)%, P<0.001]. Conclusions:The ventricular function related HDF parameters obtained from the analysis of mitral valve orifice diameter using single plane and multi plane methods have good consistency, and can be evaluated using relatively simple single plane methods for left ventricular HDF.

In recent years,cardiovascular MRI(CMRI)technology has made significant advances,and multimodal CMRI imaging has been useful to display anatomical structure of the valves,to assess the severity of valvular disease,and to quantify the volume of cardiac chambers and myocardial fibrosis,as well as led to progress in judging mitral stenosis,mitral valve closure insufficiency,and risk stratification.Hence they have been widely used in the assessment of mitral valve lesions.The research progresses of CMRI for assessing mitral valve lesions were reviewed in this article.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of laser engraving personalized nasal patch applied to patients with nasal catheter indentation.Methods A total of 124 patients who underwent esophageal cancer surgery in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from February 2022 to February 2023 and required indwelling nasal catheter were selected as study objects,and were divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table method,with 62 cases in each group.The control group used conventionally cut nasal patches to fix the nasal catheters,and the experimental group used laser engraved personalized nasal patches.Catheter displacement or slippage under the fixation device,nasal patch rolled edges and number of replacement,nasal medical device-related pressure injury,medical adhesive-related skin lesions and patients'comfort were observed in two groups.Results The rate of catheter displacement,number of rolled edges of nasal patches and numbers of replacement in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).The incidence of nasal mucosal indentation,nasal pain,nasal pressure injury and medical adhesive related skin lesions in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).The comfort of patients at the physiological level of experimental group was significantly better than that of control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Laser engraved personalized nasal patches can reduce the frequency of clinical nasal catheter displacement,nasal patch rolled edges and number of replacement,reduce the occurrence of nasal medical device related pressure injuries and medical adhesive-related skin lesions,and increase patients'comfort.

Background::The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were published to build a global consensus on nutritional diagnosis. Reduced muscle mass is a phenotypic criterion with strong evidence to support its inclusion in the GLIM consensus criteria. However, there is no consensus regarding how to accurately measure and define reduced muscle mass in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the optimal reference values of skeletal muscle mass index for diagnosing sarcopenia and GLIM-defined malnutrition, as well as the prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition in hospitalized cirrhotic patients.Methods::This retrospective study was conducted on 1002 adult patients with liver cirrhosis between January 1, 2018, and February 28, 2022, at Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University. Adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and who underwent an abdominal computed tomography (CT) examination during hospitalization were included in the study. These patients were randomly divided into a modeling group (cohort 1, 667 patients) and a validation group (cohort 2, 335 patients). In cohort 1, optimal cut-off values of skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar skeletal muscle index (L3-SMI) were determined using receiver operating characteristic analyses against in-hospital mortality in different gender groups. Next, patients in cohort 2 were screened for nutritional risk using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), and malnutrition was diagnosed by GLIM criteria. Additionally, the reference values of reduced muscle mass in GLIM criteria were derived from the L3-SMI values from cohort 1. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between GLIM-defined malnutrition and clinical outcomes.Results::The optimal cut-off values of L3-SMI were 39.50 cm 2/m 2 for male patients and 33.06 cm 2/m 2 for female patients. Based on the cut-off values, 31.63% (68/215) of the male patients and 23.3% (28/120) of the female patients had CT-determined sarcopenia in cohort 2. The prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition in cirrhotic patients was 34.3% (115/335) and GLIM-defined malnutrition was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis ( Wald = 6.347, P = 0.012). Conclusions::This study provided reference values for skeletal muscle mass index and the prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis. These reference values will contribute to applying the GLIM criteria in cirrhotic patients.