Objective To construct a macrophage-related risk assessment model,explore the impact of macrophages on the survival of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC),and predict immune status.Methods We downloaded the data of macrophages and LUSC from the Molecular Signatures DataBase(MSigDB)and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,respectively,screened for differentially expressed macrophage-related genes,and constructed a risk score model using Cox regression analysis.Based on the median value of the risk score,LUSC in the TCGA database was divided into high-and low-risk groups.Kaplan-Meier analyses,receiver operating characteristic curve analyses,clinical case characteristics,and immune analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic model.Finally,we determined the relationship between anticancer drug sensitivity and the risk score using the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer(GDSC).Results A total of 124 macrophage-related genes were identified in LUSC.High-risk patients had shorter overall survival and higher infiltration of immunosuppressive cells.Ruxolitinib,vinorelbine,paclitaxel,and sorafenib seemingly exhibited better efficacy in low-risk patients.The mortality rate of LUSC patients decreasd with the reduction of risk scores,and CSF2 and EDN2 had a significant impact on overall survival.Conclusion In this study,we constructed a macrophage gene risk score model for predicting the prognosis of LUSC.The model genes CSF2 and END2 can be used as potential targets for subsequent studies of LUSC.

Objective To construct a macrophage-related risk assessment model,explore the impact of macrophages on the survival of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC),and predict immune status.Methods We downloaded the data of macrophages and LUSC from the Molecular Signatures DataBase(MSigDB)and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,respectively,screened for differentially expressed macrophage-related genes,and constructed a risk score model using Cox regression analysis.Based on the median value of the risk score,LUSC in the TCGA database was divided into high-and low-risk groups.Kaplan-Meier analyses,receiver operating characteristic curve analyses,clinical case characteristics,and immune analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic model.Finally,we determined the relationship between anticancer drug sensitivity and the risk score using the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer(GDSC).Results A total of 124 macrophage-related genes were identified in LUSC.High-risk patients had shorter overall survival and higher infiltration of immunosuppressive cells.Ruxolitinib,vinorelbine,paclitaxel,and sorafenib seemingly exhibited better efficacy in low-risk patients.The mortality rate of LUSC patients decreasd with the reduction of risk scores,and CSF2 and EDN2 had a significant impact on overall survival.Conclusion In this study,we constructed a macrophage gene risk score model for predicting the prognosis of LUSC.The model genes CSF2 and END2 can be used as potential targets for subsequent studies of LUSC.

The reduction in surgical axillary lymph node dissection has emerged as a notable trend in the surgical management of breast cancer.In the recent years,with the release of the ten-year data from prospective randomized controlled clinical trials,such as Z0011,NSABP B-32,and AMAROS,in which surgical intervention was primarily utilized,an increasing number of breast cancer patients have been spared from axillary lymph node dissection.Nevertheless,the inclusion criteria employed in these studies rooted in the clinical assessment of axillary lymph node-negative patients who were subsequently validated through sentinel lymph node biopsy,confirming the absence of axillary lymph node metastasis or the presence of 1-2 positive axillary lymph nodes.The accurate preoperative prediction and selection of axillary lymph node-negative patients,with the aim of minimizing unnecessary sentinel lymph node biopsy,continues to be a pertinent concern within the realm of breast cancer surgery.Diverse imaging modalities,including mammography,ultrasound imaging,CT,MRI,and PET-CT,have been widely adopted in the evaluation of breast cancer patients,showing substantial potential in the preoperative assessment of axillary lymph node status.This review provides an overview of the advancement in preoperative axillary lymph node status assessment for breast cancer patients using these imaging techniques.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)fusion is commonly observed in lung adenocarcinoma,with an incidence rate of 5%-7%.Due to the tumor heterogeneity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer,ALK fusion can also occur in lung squamous cell carcinoma.A mul-tidisciplinary team(MDT)combines various professional opinions and evidence-based medical principles to provide personalized treatment recommendations,particularly for complex cases.This study presents the MDT diagnostic and treatment approach for a patient with lung squamous cell carcinoma with an ALK mutation.Following initial diagnosis at stage ⅢB,the patient exhibited rapid disease progression with liver and brain metastases after sequence chemoradiotherapy.After genetic testing revealed ALK fusion,the patient was treated with the ALK inhibitor,lorlatinib,which resulted in tumor regression and a persistent partial response.

The reduction in surgical axillary lymph node dissection has emerged as a notable trend in the surgical management of breast cancer.In the recent years,with the release of the ten-year data from prospective randomized controlled clinical trials,such as Z0011,NSABP B-32,and AMAROS,in which surgical intervention was primarily utilized,an increasing number of breast cancer patients have been spared from axillary lymph node dissection.Nevertheless,the inclusion criteria employed in these studies rooted in the clinical assessment of axillary lymph node-negative patients who were subsequently validated through sentinel lymph node biopsy,confirming the absence of axillary lymph node metastasis or the presence of 1-2 positive axillary lymph nodes.The accurate preoperative prediction and selection of axillary lymph node-negative patients,with the aim of minimizing unnecessary sentinel lymph node biopsy,continues to be a pertinent concern within the realm of breast cancer surgery.Diverse imaging modalities,including mammography,ultrasound imaging,CT,MRI,and PET-CT,have been widely adopted in the evaluation of breast cancer patients,showing substantial potential in the preoperative assessment of axillary lymph node status.This review provides an overview of the advancement in preoperative axillary lymph node status assessment for breast cancer patients using these imaging techniques.

Humans ; East Asian People ; Nausea/drug therapy* ; Vomiting/drug therapy* ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects* ; Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, and immunotherapy has become a relatively common treatment for NSCLC. The use of biomarkers to screen out people with high benefit from immunotherapy could help to timely grasp the therapeutic information of NSCLC patients and meet the current challenges faced by immunotherapy. Compared with traditional markers such as programmed death-ligand protein 1(PD-L1) expression fraction, circulating biomarkers have the characteristics of non-invasion, convenient collection of materials, and dynamically evaluating the prognosis of patients and observing the efficacy of immunotherapy in the process of immunotherapy, which has a broad application prospect.

With the progress of gene detection technology and the speed-up in new drug development, biological target therapy has fully covered the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. Immunotherapy has significantly improved the survival of advanced NSCLC patients with negative driven genes, and the median OS reaches about 2 years (15.6-30 months). EGFR is the most common driven gene. According to different EGFR mutation subtypes (L858R or 19del), different treatment mode (EGFR-TKI single drug, TKI combined with anti-vascular drugs and TKI combined with chemotherapy) is selected as the first-line treatment, which has become a consensus. Depending on the data of median PFS, the treatment efficacy against rare targets is more prominent, which has exceeded the efficacy of standard chemotherap:ALK (alectinib, PFS=34.8 months), ROS1 (ceritinib, PFS=19.3 months), RET (selpercatinib, PFS=18.4 months), BRAF (dabrafenib plus trametinib, PFS=14.6 months), NTRK (larotrectinib, PFS≥12 months) and MET (savolitinib, PFS=9.7 months). In conclusion, the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC has entered the era of“precision-targeted treatment”based on different molecular typing, and it has become a consensus that high-throughput sequencing is required for newly diagnosed patients.

Objective To analyze the difference and influential factors of clinical prognosis between liver transplantation with autoimmune liver disease (AILD) and viral hepatitis cirrhosis. Methods Clinical data of 75 recipients undergoing liver transplantation from January 2002 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All recipients were divided into the AILD group (n=25) and viral hepatitis cirrhosis group (n=50). The intraoperative conditions of the recipients were observed including warm ischemia time, cold ischemia time, operation time, anhepatic phase and blood transfusion volume. Postoperative complications were observed including severe acute kidney injury (AKI), infection, acute rejection, biliary tract-related complications, vascular-related complications and post transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). The follow-up status were monitored after discharge. The prognostic factors of liver transplant recipients were analyzed. Results The warm ischemia time, cold ischemia time, operation time and anhepatic phase did not significantly differ between two groups (all P > 0.05). In the AILD group, the incidence of postoperative acute rejection was remarkably higher, whereas the incidence of postoperative severe AKI was significantly lower than those in the viral hepatitis cirrhosis group (both P < 0.05). The postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates in the AILD group was 92%, 87%, and 87%, which did not significantly differ from 88%, 88% and 88% in the viral hepatitis cirrhosis group (all P > 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, severe AKI, infection and biliary tract-related complications were the influencing factors of clinical prognosis of the recipients (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The overall survival prognosis does not significantly differ between the AILD and viral hepatitis cirrhosis groups. Age, MELD score, severe AKI, infection and biliary tract-related complications are the risk factors affecting the clinical prognosis of liver transplantation recipients.

Objective:The implementation of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach for palliative treatment of patients with multi-ple primary carcinomas (MPCs) was evaluated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Methods:A total of 40 pa-tients with MPCs who attended the consultation by MDT in our hospital from January 1, 2014 to April 21, 2016 were analyzed retro-spectively. Clinical data of the 40 cancer patients were reviewed. The essential characteristics and results of MDT treatment decisions were summarized and expected outcomes were evaluated. Results:A total of 40 cases with MPCs were included in MDT assessment, accounting for 6.4%of the 629 patients who were handled by the MDT. A total of 39 MDT decisions were followed up successfully. Among these MDT decisions, 26 (65%) were fully implemented, 7 (17.5%) were partially implemented, and 6 (15.0%) were unimple-mented. Expected outcomes were achieved in 25 (96.2%) patients of the fully implemented concordant group, 4 (57.1%) patients of the partially concordant group, and 1 (16.7%) patient from the unimplemented group. Conclusion:MDT specializing on palliative treat-ment can provide recommendations for standardized individualized comprehensive treatment of patients with MPCs. MDT modality should be further improved and widely used for palliative treatment.