The hip joint capsule is a fibrous connective tissue sheath that encases the hip joint, enclosing the acetabulum and femoral neck as a sealed articular cavity. It plays an important role in maintaining joint stability by restricting excessive motion. Capsulotomy is an essential step in hip arthroscopy, as it provides adequate exposure of intra-articular pathology and creates the working space for surgical instrument. Commonly employed techniques include interportal capsulotomy, "T" -shaped capsulotomy, and periportal capsulotomy. For patients with proximal abnormal structures such as pincer-type acetabulum, an interportal capsulotomy is recommended. In patients with distal Cam-type deformities at the femoral head-neck junction, a "T" -shaped capsulotomy combined with periportal capsulotomy is advised. When preservation of the iliofemoral ligament is preferred, a periportal capsulotomy may be considered. The necessity of postoperative capsulorrhaphy, as well as the choice of repair technique, are key determinants of surgical success and functional recovery. Current evidence suggests that capsulorrhaphy during arthroscopy contributes to restoring normal anatomy, promoting wound healing, and facilitating postoperative functional outcomes, though it also places technical and experiential demands on the surgeon. Periportal capsulotomy, which preserves the iliofemoral ligament and involves smaller incisions, generally does not require routine closure. By contrast, interportal and "T" -shaped capsulotomies partially disrupt the iliofemoral ligament and cause greater capsular injury, making capsulorrhaphy advisable. Furthermore, capsular closure may be essential in certain populations, including obese patients, females, and patients with borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip, generalized ligamentous laxity, or high athletic demands. This review summarizes the anatomy and biomechanics of the hip capsule, surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, and indications for capsular repair, with the aim of guiding surgical planning and postoperative rehabilitation.

The hip joint capsule is a fibrous connective tissue sheath that encases the hip joint, enclosing the acetabulum and femoral neck as a sealed articular cavity. It plays an important role in maintaining joint stability by restricting excessive motion. Capsulotomy is an essential step in hip arthroscopy, as it provides adequate exposure of intra-articular pathology and creates the working space for surgical instrument. Commonly employed techniques include interportal capsulotomy, "T" -shaped capsulotomy, and periportal capsulotomy. For patients with proximal abnormal structures such as pincer-type acetabulum, an interportal capsulotomy is recommended. In patients with distal Cam-type deformities at the femoral head-neck junction, a "T" -shaped capsulotomy combined with periportal capsulotomy is advised. When preservation of the iliofemoral ligament is preferred, a periportal capsulotomy may be considered. The necessity of postoperative capsulorrhaphy, as well as the choice of repair technique, are key determinants of surgical success and functional recovery. Current evidence suggests that capsulorrhaphy during arthroscopy contributes to restoring normal anatomy, promoting wound healing, and facilitating postoperative functional outcomes, though it also places technical and experiential demands on the surgeon. Periportal capsulotomy, which preserves the iliofemoral ligament and involves smaller incisions, generally does not require routine closure. By contrast, interportal and "T" -shaped capsulotomies partially disrupt the iliofemoral ligament and cause greater capsular injury, making capsulorrhaphy advisable. Furthermore, capsular closure may be essential in certain populations, including obese patients, females, and patients with borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip, generalized ligamentous laxity, or high athletic demands. This review summarizes the anatomy and biomechanics of the hip capsule, surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, and indications for capsular repair, with the aim of guiding surgical planning and postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of point-of-care ultrasonography(PoCUS) in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism(PE).Methods:Consecutive 196 patients suspected of acute PE were enrolled in East Branch, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2017 to November 2017. All the patients were categorized into no PE group( n=143) and PE group( n=53) based on CTPA results. PoCUS was performed and considered diagnostic for PE if one or more right ventricular dysfunction (right ventricular dilation, right ventricular free wall hypokinesia, increased tricuspid regurgitation velocity or decreased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion), deep venous thrombosis(DVT) or subpleural infarcts were detected. Results:With CTPA as the gold standard for diagnosis, the sensitivity (94.34%), Youden index (0.531) and the area under the ROC curve(AUC) (0.765) of the combined diagnosis of PE by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE), lower limb vein compression ultrasonography(CUS) and lung ultrasonography (LUS) were the highest. The specificity (94.41%) and accuracy (81.63%) of LUS in the diagnosis of PE were the highest, and the misdiagnosis rate (5.59%) of LUS the lowest. The sensitivity of the combined triple PoCUS (TTE, CUS, and LUS) diagnosis of PE was higher than TTE and CUS combined diagnosis ( P=0.016), and the sensitivity and specificity were higher than TTE and CUS combined diagnosis as a whole ( P<0.005). Conclusions:The combined triple PoCUS (TTE, CUS, and LUS) has the highest accuracy in the diagnosis of PE, while LUS has a high specificity and a low misdiagnosis rate in the diagnosis of PE. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the combined triple PoCUS in clinical practice.

To provide guidance for quality control and variety breeding of Gastrodia elata f. glauca cultivated form in Zhaotong, nine agronomic traits of G. elata f. glauca cultivation form were measured and the traits were analyzed using multiple comparison,correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis. The results of multiple comparison and analysis showed that the number of dot ring and the length-width ratio of tuber were no different in G. elata f. glauca cultivation form. The coefficient of variation about the single tuber fresh weigh, ring spacing and belly button diameter was about 20%. The coefficient of variation about the length of the tuber, the width of the tuber, the thickness of the tuber, the length-width ratio of tuber and the number of dot ring was near 10%. The correlation analysis results showed that the single tuber fresh weigh and the length,the width and the thickness of the tuber were extremely significant positive correlated. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis showed that the length, the width and the thickness of the tuber were the main factors affecting the fresh weight of single tuber,which were the best agronomic traits on high yield of G. elata f. glauca. The length of the tuber,the width of the tuber and the thickness of the tuber, which would be used as indicators of the characteristics of high yield varieties in Zhaotong. The number of dot ring and the length-width ratio of tuber, which would be selected as quality control indicators of the genuine Chinese medicinal materials in Zhaotong.