Objective To establish an animal model of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Syrian hamsters coinfected with coxsackievirus A6(CVA6)and coxsackievirus B1(CVB1).Methods 42 Syrian hamsters were divided into a CVA6 infection group,CVB1 infection group,CVA6 and CVB1 coinfection group and control group.A HFMD model was established by nasal instillation of virus solution and phosphate-buffered saline.Clinical and physiological indicators and detoxification status were monitored and recorded for 15 d,and animals were selected on day 7(D7)after infection for histopathology and viral antigen and nucleic acid testing.Results Hamsters in the single-infection and coinfection groups showed clinical symptoms similar to human HFMD.White blood cell,neutrophil,and lymphocyte result were characteristic of viral infection.Both viral nucleic acids were detected in throat swabs,feces,blood,and tissues and both viruses were isolated from fecal samples.Pathological damage and positive co-localization of CVA6 and CVB1 viral antigen proteins and nucleic acids were found in brain and other tissues.Conclusions Nasal instillation of a CVA6 and CVB1 mixture can successfully coinfect Syrian hamsters,replicate herpes infection similar to human HFMD,and cause pathological viral myocarditis and encephalitis damage.The result showed that the coinfection group was more seriously affected than the single-infection group,with worse clinical symptoms,increased viral replication,and obvious tissue pathological damage.This study provides a reference for further basic and clinical research into human enterovirus coinfection.

Objective To explore the efficacy and underlying mechanism of Astragalus in the treatment of viral pancreatitis using network pharmacology,with confirmation of its efficacy and mechanism in cell experiments.Methods Astragalus and viral pancreatitis targets obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP)and GeneCards databases were combined to obtain intersection targets.GO functional enrichment and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analyses of therapeutic targets were conducted using the Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery(DAVID)database.The interactions between therapeutic targets were analyzed using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.10.2,and the core therapeutic targets were screened.Molecular docking between the most effective therapeutic components and the core targets was performed using PyMOL 3.0 and AutoDock Tools 1.5.7.CVB3 was used to construct a viral pancreatitis cell model for verification of the core targets.Results Seventy-eight therapeutic targets were identified.Enrichment analyses revealed the possible involvement of pathways related to cancer,lipids and atherosclerosis,and PI3K-AKT signaling.AKT1,TP53,HIF1A,CASP3,IL-6,and MMP9 were identified as possible core targets.The result of cell experiments showed that the expression level of AMY was significantly increased in the model group(P＜0.05).The Astragalus injection group exhibited significantly decreased expression levels of AMY,AKT1,TP53,HIF1A,CASP3,IL-6,and MMP9 compared with the model group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Astragalus injection effectively treated viral pancreatitis,and its therapeutic mechanism may involve reduced expression levels of AKT1,TP53,HIF1A,CASP3,IL-6,and MMP9.

Objective Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,to obtain precise and reliable comprehensive effect conclusions by quantitatively combining pharmacodynamic results from animal experiments investigating Astragali Radix(single-entity Astragali Radix preparation)or its ingredients for treatment of acute pancreatitis(AP)in literature reports through meta-analysis.Methods Databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals(VIP),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,China Biomedical Literature Database(CBMdisc),PubMed,and Web of Science(WOS)were searched from inception to March 2025 for animal studies related to Astragali Radix(single-entity Astragali Radix preparation)or its ingredients for AP treatment.Risk of bias for included studies was assessed with SYRCLE tool.Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook using Cochrane's Qtest and/2statistic.Sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method,and publication bias risk was detected using Egger's test.Results A total of 297 articles were retrieved,and after screening and evaluation,19 animal studies were finally included for meta-analysis.These 19 publications cover SD rats,as well as three breeds of mice:C57BL/6 mice,BALB/c mice,and Kunming mice.SYRCLE scores ranged from 3 to 4.The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that no study significantly affected the heterogeneity index.The results of Egger's test showed a significant publication bias with P＜0.05.Cochrane's Qtest and I2statistic indicated substantial heterogeneity among studies.Meta-analysis results of 19 animal studies showed that single-entity Astragali Radix preparation(Astragali Radix injection)could reduce serum amylase(AMY)levels,an AP-specific indicator.The Astragali Radix ingredients could decrease both AMY and lipase(LPS)levels.Astragali Radix injection or its ingredients could reduce serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1 β,while increasing IL-10 levels;could increase serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and decrease malondialdehyde(MDA)levels.High-dose groups of Astragali Radix injection or Astragali Radix ingredients were more effective than low-dose groups in reducing AMY,TNF-α,and IL-6 levels and increasing SOD levels,but dosage effect on MDA levels was not demonstrated.Conclusion Evidence-based analysis of animal experiment results shows that in various animal models including SD rats,C57BL/6 mice,BALB/c mice,and Kunming mice,Astragali Radix injection or its ingredients can effectively reduce expression or secretion levels of AP-specific indicators(AMY and LPS).The mechanisms may be related to some inflammatory mediators,including reducing TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1 β levels and increasing IL-10 levels;They may also intervene in oxidative/antioxidative equilibrium,such as increasing SOD and GSH-Px levels and reducing MDA levels.Except for MDA,dose-response relationships are shown for reducing AMY,TNF-α,and IL-6 levels and increasing SOD levels with Astragali Radix injection or its ingredients.However,due to high heterogeneity,potential publication bias risk,and species differences between animal models and human diseases in existing studies,further high-quality clinical trials or animal experiments are still needed in the future.

Objective Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,to obtain precise and reliable comprehensive effect conclusions by quantitatively combining pharmacodynamic results from animal experiments investigating Astragali Radix(single-entity Astragali Radix preparation)or its ingredients for treatment of acute pancreatitis(AP)in literature reports through meta-analysis.Methods Databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals(VIP),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,China Biomedical Literature Database(CBMdisc),PubMed,and Web of Science(WOS)were searched from inception to March 2025 for animal studies related to Astragali Radix(single-entity Astragali Radix preparation)or its ingredients for AP treatment.Risk of bias for included studies was assessed with SYRCLE tool.Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook using Cochrane's Qtest and/2statistic.Sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method,and publication bias risk was detected using Egger's test.Results A total of 297 articles were retrieved,and after screening and evaluation,19 animal studies were finally included for meta-analysis.These 19 publications cover SD rats,as well as three breeds of mice:C57BL/6 mice,BALB/c mice,and Kunming mice.SYRCLE scores ranged from 3 to 4.The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that no study significantly affected the heterogeneity index.The results of Egger's test showed a significant publication bias with P＜0.05.Cochrane's Qtest and I2statistic indicated substantial heterogeneity among studies.Meta-analysis results of 19 animal studies showed that single-entity Astragali Radix preparation(Astragali Radix injection)could reduce serum amylase(AMY)levels,an AP-specific indicator.The Astragali Radix ingredients could decrease both AMY and lipase(LPS)levels.Astragali Radix injection or its ingredients could reduce serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1 β,while increasing IL-10 levels;could increase serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and decrease malondialdehyde(MDA)levels.High-dose groups of Astragali Radix injection or Astragali Radix ingredients were more effective than low-dose groups in reducing AMY,TNF-α,and IL-6 levels and increasing SOD levels,but dosage effect on MDA levels was not demonstrated.Conclusion Evidence-based analysis of animal experiment results shows that in various animal models including SD rats,C57BL/6 mice,BALB/c mice,and Kunming mice,Astragali Radix injection or its ingredients can effectively reduce expression or secretion levels of AP-specific indicators(AMY and LPS).The mechanisms may be related to some inflammatory mediators,including reducing TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1 β levels and increasing IL-10 levels;They may also intervene in oxidative/antioxidative equilibrium,such as increasing SOD and GSH-Px levels and reducing MDA levels.Except for MDA,dose-response relationships are shown for reducing AMY,TNF-α,and IL-6 levels and increasing SOD levels with Astragali Radix injection or its ingredients.However,due to high heterogeneity,potential publication bias risk,and species differences between animal models and human diseases in existing studies,further high-quality clinical trials or animal experiments are still needed in the future.

Objective To establish an animal model of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Syrian hamsters coinfected with coxsackievirus A6(CVA6)and coxsackievirus B1(CVB1).Methods 42 Syrian hamsters were divided into a CVA6 infection group,CVB1 infection group,CVA6 and CVB1 coinfection group and control group.A HFMD model was established by nasal instillation of virus solution and phosphate-buffered saline.Clinical and physiological indicators and detoxification status were monitored and recorded for 15 d,and animals were selected on day 7(D7)after infection for histopathology and viral antigen and nucleic acid testing.Results Hamsters in the single-infection and coinfection groups showed clinical symptoms similar to human HFMD.White blood cell,neutrophil,and lymphocyte result were characteristic of viral infection.Both viral nucleic acids were detected in throat swabs,feces,blood,and tissues and both viruses were isolated from fecal samples.Pathological damage and positive co-localization of CVA6 and CVB1 viral antigen proteins and nucleic acids were found in brain and other tissues.Conclusions Nasal instillation of a CVA6 and CVB1 mixture can successfully coinfect Syrian hamsters,replicate herpes infection similar to human HFMD,and cause pathological viral myocarditis and encephalitis damage.The result showed that the coinfection group was more seriously affected than the single-infection group,with worse clinical symptoms,increased viral replication,and obvious tissue pathological damage.This study provides a reference for further basic and clinical research into human enterovirus coinfection.

Objective To explore the efficacy and underlying mechanism of Astragalus in the treatment of viral pancreatitis using network pharmacology,with confirmation of its efficacy and mechanism in cell experiments.Methods Astragalus and viral pancreatitis targets obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP)and GeneCards databases were combined to obtain intersection targets.GO functional enrichment and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analyses of therapeutic targets were conducted using the Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery(DAVID)database.The interactions between therapeutic targets were analyzed using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.10.2,and the core therapeutic targets were screened.Molecular docking between the most effective therapeutic components and the core targets was performed using PyMOL 3.0 and AutoDock Tools 1.5.7.CVB3 was used to construct a viral pancreatitis cell model for verification of the core targets.Results Seventy-eight therapeutic targets were identified.Enrichment analyses revealed the possible involvement of pathways related to cancer,lipids and atherosclerosis,and PI3K-AKT signaling.AKT1,TP53,HIF1A,CASP3,IL-6,and MMP9 were identified as possible core targets.The result of cell experiments showed that the expression level of AMY was significantly increased in the model group(P＜0.05).The Astragalus injection group exhibited significantly decreased expression levels of AMY,AKT1,TP53,HIF1A,CASP3,IL-6,and MMP9 compared with the model group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Astragalus injection effectively treated viral pancreatitis,and its therapeutic mechanism may involve reduced expression levels of AKT1,TP53,HIF1A,CASP3,IL-6,and MMP9.

Due to traditional professional divisions, the practice of endoscopy by gastro-intestinal surgeons in China remains controversial. However, with the evolution of treatment philo-sophies, medical technology, and equipment advancements, a trend of integration between tradi-tional surgery and endoscopy is emerging. Gastrointestinal surgeons performing endoscopy can maxi-mize patient benefits, and they naturally possess advantages in conducting endoscopic procedures. It is recommended to further establish entry thresholds for surgeons to perform endoscopy, provide standardized endoscopic training for surgeons, and coordinate efforts at the administrative depart-ment. With the support of artificial intelligence, more patients can receive minimally invasive, indivi-dualized, and precise treatments.

Objective To understand the characteristics and rules of behavior and preliminary study on the change of psychological state and behavior of infant rhesus monkeys after weaning by artificial feed .Methods 290 infant rhesus monkeys were born in 2012, individual behavior of infant rhesus monkeys were observed and recorded by the methods of ad libitum sampling and chronography .Results The behavior of huddling , sucking finger and sucking body of companion were observed in the first month , the behavior of huddling and sucking finger were significantly increased in the second and third month(P <0.05), sucking body of companion in second month were significantly higher than the first month (P <0.05);the new behavior pacing , sucking genitalia and mounting were observed in the second month , pacing and sucking were significantly increased in the third month ( P <0.05 ) , mounting did not have obvious change; in the third month , sucking toe behavior ware recorded and did not change with time; The proportion of huddling behavior occurred between female and female was significantly higher than opposite sex or male in the same cage .The male infant monkeys were more likely to occurred pacing behavior than female .Sucking body of companion and sucking finger behavior of male were significantly lower than the female infant monkeys ( P <0.05 ) .There was no significant difference of sucking toe behavior .Conclusions 7 behaviors were recorded during the whole stage of observation , huddling behavior , pacing behavior , sucking toe behavior , sucking finger behavior , sucking genitalia behavior , sucking body of companion behavior and mounting behavior respectively , and 7 behaviors were increased by degrees with time .Huddling behavior to reflect fear psychology;sucking behavior to represent physiological demand and defensive psychology ;pacing was insignificant behavior in the initial stage , then to reflect psychological anxiety of rhesus monkeys .Provided a way and model on assessment of psychology, praxiology, to study and research the change of psychological state and behavior of early weaning infants .

The non-human primates have been profoundly being used to study the human reproductive models .It is the prerequisites to set up the operating rooms including hardware and software on reproductive experiments and transgenic manipulation.Thus, Combined with the practice of our center , both the construction and the associated problems about the IVF-ET operating rooms were discussed in this paper .It will provide some help for the related researches .

The 4-layer sphere model of human head was built; the layers from outside to inside represented the scalp, the skull, the CFS and the brain, respectively. The point current source placed on the outmost layer was regarded as the boundary condition, and the method of separation of variables was used to solve the equations. The potential distribution and the current expression were given, and the isopotential-line map and current lines were drawn. The simulation result can be used to analyze head EIT problems.
Algorithms ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Head ; physiology ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Models, Theoretical ; Plethysmography, Impedance ; methods ; Tomography ; methods