BACKGROUND:During diabetic wound healing,the sustained activation of M1 macrophages exacerbates the inflammatory response and hinders wound repair.Auranofin,an anti-inflammatory drug,has not been clearly studied for its effects on M1 macrophages and its potential role in diabetic wound healing.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of auranofin on the biological function of M1 macrophages and evaluate its potential application in diabetic wound healing.METHODS:RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells were used as research models.M1 polarization was induced using different concentrations of interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide.M1 macrophages were treated with 1 and 2 μmol/L auranofin.Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to evaluate the effect of auranofin on cell viability.Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect mRNA expression of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.ELISA was employed to measure the levels of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α in the supernatant.Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of nuclear factor-κB(p65),phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK),and total MAPK proteins.Additionally,6-8-week-old male C57BL/6J and db/db diabetic mice were used for wound healing experiments,with the mice divided into C57 control,db/db control and auranofin treatment groups,each containing six animals.Dorsal skin defect modeling and treatment with intraperitoneal injection of auranofin were performed to observe wound healing in mice.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Cell experiments showed that co-treatment with interferon-y(10 ng/mL)and lipopolysaccharide(100 ng/mL)significantly induced M1 polarization in RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells,resulting in increased mRNA expression of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Treatment with auranofin(1 and 2 μmol/L)reduced the mRNA expression of these inflammatory factors in the cells and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors in the cell supernatant.(2)Auranofin treatment significantly suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-κB(p65)and phosphorylated MAPK signaling pathways.(3)Animal experiments showed that auranofin promoted wound healing in db/db diabetic mice,suggesting that auranofin has strong anti-inflammatory effects and may facilitate the healing of wounds in diabetic mice.

BACKGROUND:During diabetic wound healing,the sustained activation of M1 macrophages exacerbates the inflammatory response and hinders wound repair.Auranofin,an anti-inflammatory drug,has not been clearly studied for its effects on M1 macrophages and its potential role in diabetic wound healing.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of auranofin on the biological function of M1 macrophages and evaluate its potential application in diabetic wound healing.METHODS:RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells were used as research models.M1 polarization was induced using different concentrations of interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide.M1 macrophages were treated with 1 and 2 μmol/L auranofin.Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to evaluate the effect of auranofin on cell viability.Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect mRNA expression of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.ELISA was employed to measure the levels of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α in the supernatant.Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of nuclear factor-κB(p65),phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK),and total MAPK proteins.Additionally,6-8-week-old male C57BL/6J and db/db diabetic mice were used for wound healing experiments,with the mice divided into C57 control,db/db control and auranofin treatment groups,each containing six animals.Dorsal skin defect modeling and treatment with intraperitoneal injection of auranofin were performed to observe wound healing in mice.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Cell experiments showed that co-treatment with interferon-y(10 ng/mL)and lipopolysaccharide(100 ng/mL)significantly induced M1 polarization in RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells,resulting in increased mRNA expression of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Treatment with auranofin(1 and 2 μmol/L)reduced the mRNA expression of these inflammatory factors in the cells and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors in the cell supernatant.(2)Auranofin treatment significantly suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-κB(p65)and phosphorylated MAPK signaling pathways.(3)Animal experiments showed that auranofin promoted wound healing in db/db diabetic mice,suggesting that auranofin has strong anti-inflammatory effects and may facilitate the healing of wounds in diabetic mice.

Natural product-based drug combinations (NPDCs) present distinctive advantages in treating complex diseases. While high-throughput screening (HTS) and conventional computational methods have partially accelerated synergistic drug combination discovery, their applications remain constrained by experimental data fragmentation, high costs, and extensive combinatorial space. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms, have been extensively applied in NPDC identification. Through the integration of multi-source heterogeneous data and autonomous feature extraction, prediction accuracy has markedly improved, offering a robust technical approach for novel NPDC discovery. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in AI-driven NPDC prediction, presents relevant data resources and algorithmic frameworks, and evaluates current limitations and future prospects. AI methodologies are anticipated to substantially expedite NPDC discovery and inform experimental validation.
Artificial Intelligence ; Biological Products/chemistry* ; Humans ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Discovery/methods* ; Machine Learning ; Algorithms

Ras-associated domain family 1A (RASSF1A) genes are members of the RASSF family, which bind to Ras in a guanosine triphosphate(GTP)-dependent manner and then induce Ras-mediated apoptosis. The protein encoded by the RASSF1A gene is similar to the Ras effector protein, which can interact with DNA repair protein XPA, and can also inhibit the accumulation of cyclin D1, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest. The deletion or abnormal expression of RASSF1A gene is related to the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors, indicating that it has tumor suppressor function. RASSF1A gene methylation has been found in at least 37 tumors, and RASSF1A gene may be the most frequently described methylated gene in human cancers. In this paper, the abnormal methylation of RASSF1A gene in different malignant tumors was introduced, and the research progress of its related effects and mechanisms in malignant tumors of the respiratory system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and nervous system in recent years was reviewed, with a view to malignant tumors early diagnosis, individual molecular targeted therapy and prognostic evaluation provide important guidance.

OBJECTIVE:To compared the efficacy and safety of doxofylline and aminophylline in the treatment of children with capillary bronchitis. METHODS:Totally 120 children with capillary bronchitis were randomly divided into observation group and control group. All children were given routine treatment,including oxygen inhalation,sputum suction and infusion supporting. Based on it,the observation group was treated by doxofylline 4 mg/kg adding into 15% glucose injection 50 ml by infusion,qd;control group was treated by aminophylline 4 mg/kg adding into 15% glucose injection 50 ml by infusion,bid. The course was 7 d. The capillary bronchitis severity scores,remission time of clinical symptoms,hospitalization time,utilization rate of glucocorticoid and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,with significant difference(P<0.05). After 48 h and 72 h,the capillary bronchitis severity scores were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group after 72 h,with significant differences(P<0.05). The cough disappeared time and hospitalization time in observation group were significantly shorter than control group,and the utilization rate of glucocorticoid and the incidence of adverse reactions were significantly lower than control group,with signifi-cant differences(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the routine treatment,doxofylline has better efficacy and safety than amino-phylline in the treatment of children with capillary bronchitis.

A small experimental system is constructed with working principle of continuous blood pressure monitoring based on the volume compensation method. The preliminary experimental results show that the system can collect blood pressure signals at the radial artery effectively. The digital PID algorithm can track the variation of blood pressure. And the accuracy of continuous blood pressure detecting achieve the level of same kind of product.
Algorithms ; Blood Pressure Determination ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted