Objective:To more accurately evaluate the function of the otolith organ and its conduction pathway of pilots by collecting the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) corrected by electromyogram (EMG) in healthy military pilots and comparing bilateral amplitude, amplitude asymmetry ratio and other relevant parameters with and without EMG rectification.Methods:One hundred (200 ears) healthy male active duty military pilots were selected as study subjects, with an average age of (26.86±6.54) years old. The cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) induced by air conduction acoustic stimulation were performed to the subjects in sitting position. Sound was delivered through inserted earphones, with the stimulus being tone burst at 97 dB nHL. The P1 latency, N1 latency, P1-N1 wave interval latency, and the P1-N1 amplitude and amplitude asymmetry ratio of VEMPs were recorded before and after the correction of EMG and those were compared and analyzed.Results:The evoked rate of VEMPs was 100%. The latency of P1 and N1, P1-N1 interval of cVEMP in these pilots were (15.58±1.29), (26.12±1.91), and (10.54±1.49) ms. The latency of N1 and P1, P1-N1 interval of oVEMP in these pilots were (11.96±0.92), (16.92±1.06), and (4.96±0.75) ms. The difference of VEMPs amplitude before and after EMG correction was statistically significant ( Z=-17.30, -17.30, both P<0.001). The difference of amplitude asymmetry ratio of cVEMP before and after correction was statistically significant ( Z=-2.91, P=0.004), but the difference of amplitude asymmetry ratio of oVEMP before and after correction was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:This research sets up the normal range of VEMPs corrected by EMG in military pilots and provides a more accurate reference for medical selection of flying cadets and functional evaluation of the otolith organ and its conduction pathway.

Objective:To more accurately evaluate the function of the otolith organ and its conduction pathway of pilots by collecting the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) corrected by electromyogram (EMG) in healthy military pilots and comparing bilateral amplitude, amplitude asymmetry ratio and other relevant parameters with and without EMG rectification.Methods:One hundred (200 ears) healthy male active duty military pilots were selected as study subjects, with an average age of (26.86±6.54) years old. The cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) induced by air conduction acoustic stimulation were performed to the subjects in sitting position. Sound was delivered through inserted earphones, with the stimulus being tone burst at 97 dB nHL. The P1 latency, N1 latency, P1-N1 wave interval latency, and the P1-N1 amplitude and amplitude asymmetry ratio of VEMPs were recorded before and after the correction of EMG and those were compared and analyzed.Results:The evoked rate of VEMPs was 100%. The latency of P1 and N1, P1-N1 interval of cVEMP in these pilots were (15.58±1.29), (26.12±1.91), and (10.54±1.49) ms. The latency of N1 and P1, P1-N1 interval of oVEMP in these pilots were (11.96±0.92), (16.92±1.06), and (4.96±0.75) ms. The difference of VEMPs amplitude before and after EMG correction was statistically significant ( Z=-17.30, -17.30, both P<0.001). The difference of amplitude asymmetry ratio of cVEMP before and after correction was statistically significant ( Z=-2.91, P=0.004), but the difference of amplitude asymmetry ratio of oVEMP before and after correction was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:This research sets up the normal range of VEMPs corrected by EMG in military pilots and provides a more accurate reference for medical selection of flying cadets and functional evaluation of the otolith organ and its conduction pathway.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of crossed cerebellar diaschisis(CCD) induced by supratentorial tumors and the characteristics of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Methods:Eighty-six patients with supratentorial tumors who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT whole-body imaging from January 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Placement, number, size, SUVmax, CT values, relationship with basal ganglia, edema, and cerebellar asymmetry index (AI) were observed and recorded.The imaging differences between patients with CCD and patients without CCD were compared, and the correlations between SUVmax, maximum diameter and cerebellar AI were analyzed.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data statistics. Results:Among the 86 patients, 14 were patients with CCD and 72 were patients without CCD.The incidence of CCD was 16.3%.There were statistically significant differences in whether the primary lesions involved the basal ganglia region between patients with CCD and patients without CCD ( χ2=7.637, P=0.006). The cerebellar AI ((0.27±0.09), (0.05±0.02), t=6.847, P=0.003)and maximum diameter of primary lesions((3.98±1.09)cm, (2.36±1.61)cm, t=2.011, P=0.040) in patients with CCD were both larger than those in patients without CCD.There was a significant positive correlation between cerebellar AI and the maximum diameter of primary lesions in patients with CCD ( r=0.375 P=0.028). Conclusion:18F-FDG PET/CT imaging can assist in the diagnosis of crossed cerebellar diaschisis.The primary lesion of supratentorial tumor involving the basal ganglia is more likely to cause crossed cerebellar diaschisis, and the size of the primary lesion is correlated with cerebellar AI.

The highly virulent PRRSV isolate strain HN-1/06 was cultivated on Marc-145. To study the viral entry mechanisms, the GP5 gene of PRRSV isolate was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pcDNA3.0 to generate the expressing plasmid pcDNA-GP5. pcDNA-GP5 was transfected into 293T by the calcium phosphate precipitation method. Analysis of flow cytometry confirmed that the GP5 proteins were expressed in surface of the 293T cells. Then 293T cells were transfected with pcDNA-GP5, pHIT60 and pHIT111 plasmids to generate pseudotyping virus. The pseudotyping virus supernatant was harvested 48 hours post-transfection and was detected by Western blotting and infection assay. Western blotting indicated that the GP5 glycoproteins were incorporated into the retroviral pseudotyped virus. Infection assay showed that the pseudotyped virus infected 293T and Mark-145 cell. The pseudotyped virus could be used to further study infectious mechanism of PRRSV.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; virology ; Leukemia Virus, Murine ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ; chemistry ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Swine ; Transfection ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Virion ; genetics ; metabolism