Objective:To analyze the risk factors of Henoch-Schonlein purpura complicated by renal injury.Methods:Ninety patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from May 2019 to March 2022 were included in this study. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, and patients were divided into a non-renal injury group and a renal injury group based on whether they were complicated by renal injury. Clinical data were collected from the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the relevant risk factors for Henoch-Schonlein purpura complicated by renal injury.Results:There were no significant differences in sex, infection history, abdominal pain, arthralgia, gastrointestinal bleeding, prothrombin time, hemoglobin, albumin, activated partial thromboplastin, fibrinogen, blood lipids, and immunoglobulin levels between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The age of patients in the renal injury group was 49.5 (25, 65.25) years, which was significantly higher than 19 (10, 30.75) in the non-renal injury group ( Z = -4.17, P < 0.05). The incidence of previous purpura in the renal injury group was 36.2% (21/58), which was significantly higher than 9.4% (3/32) in the non-renal injury group ( χ2 = 7.59, P < 0.05). The white blood cell count in the renal injury group was 9.66 (6.80, 14.21) × 10 9/L, which was significantly higher than 7.78 (6.01, 10.53) × 10 9/L in the non-renal injury group ( Z = -2.00, P < 0.05). The platelet count in the renal injury group was 222.50 (189.75, 291.75) × 10 9/L, which was significantly lower than 274.50 (233.00, 322.50) × 10 9/L in the non-renal injury group ( Z = -2.71, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.026-1.084) and previous purpura ( OR = 6.610, 95% CI: 1.653-26.428) were independent risk factors for Henoch-Schonlein purpura complicated by renal injury ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The occurrence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura complicated by renal injury is associated with patient age, history of purpura, white blood cell count, and platelet level.