Objective: To investigate the correlation between the color parameters (L^*, a^*, b^*, Eab^* values) of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata powder prepared by different processing techniques and the contents of 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, emodin, physcion, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
Methods: The L^*, a^*, b^* and Eab^* values of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata powder prepared by different processing techniques were determined by spectrophotometer, and the contents of the five components were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Secondly, SPSS 26.0 software and Simca 14.1 software were used to analyze the correlation.
Results: Through the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), it was found that the steamed samples and black bean steamed samples could be obviously divided into two categories: raw products and processed products. The processed products could be further divided into 2-8 h and 12-48 h. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the content of stilbene glycoside was significantly positively correlated with L^*, a^* and b^* values (P<0.01). The a^* value was significantly positively correlated with the content of emodin and physcion (P<0.01). Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside was positively correlated with L^* value and b^* value, while physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside was negatively correlated with a^* value. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS) showed that 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (VIP=1.69) and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (VIP=1.06) were the key variables affecting chromaticity characteristics (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The three processes of steaming, black bean steaming and black bean stewing are consistent in composition transformation and chromaticity variation, and stilbene glycoside can be used as a specific index component to characterize the processed color. Chromatic parameters can effectively reflect the processing progression and serve as quality monitoring indicators during production.

BackgroundAdolescents with depressive disorder often engage in non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behaviors， which severely impacts their physical and mental health. Impulsivity and emotional regulation are key factors influencing NSSI behaviors. However， research on the mechanisms through which impulsivity and emotional regulation affect NSSI behaviors in adolescent depressive disorder patients with NSSI remains insufficient， limiting the development of effective intervention strategies. ObjectiveTo explore the differences in impulsivity and emotion regulation abilities between adolescent patients with depressive disorder accompanied by and without NSSI behaviors， and to analyze the association between NSSI behaviors and impulsivity and emotion regulation abilities in adolescent patients with depressive disorder accompanied by NSSI behaviors. MethodsA total of 184 adolescents hospitalized in the child and adolescent psychiatry department of Wuxi Mental Health Center from October 2023 to August 2024， who met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， were consecutively enrolled as study subjects. Based on the diagnostic criteria for NSSI in DSM-5， patients were divided into NSSI group （n=108） and non-NSSI group （n=76）. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 （BIS-11）， the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire （ERQ）， the Adolescent Self-Harm Questionnaire， and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation （PANSI） were used for assessment. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to explore the correlation between the scores of the Adolescent Self-Harm Questionnaire and the scores of BIS-11 and ERQ in the NSSI group. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of impulsivity and emotion regulation on NSSI behaviors in the NSSI group. ResultsCompared to the non-NSSI group， the NSSI group showed significantly higher scores in BIS-11 non-planned impulsivity （Z=-4.181， P<0.05）， action impulsivity （t=4.944， P<0.05）， cognitive impulsivity （Z=-3.392， P<0.05）， and total score （t=4.763， P<0.05）， and lower scores in the cognitive reappraisal of ERQ （t=-4.094， P<0.05） and total score （Z=-2.299， P<0.05）， and higher scores in the expression inhibition of ERQ （Z=-3.019， P<0.05）. The correlation analysis results showed that the score of the adolescent self-harm questionnaire in the NSSI group was positively correlated with the behavioral impulsivity factor score in the BIS-11 （r=0.434， P<0.05）. Multiple regression analysis indicated that action impulsivity factor was a significant correlate of self-injury behaviors in the NSSI group （B=0.855， P<0.05）， explaining 22.30% of the total variance. ConclusionAdolescent patients with depressive disorder accompanied by NSSI behaviors exhibit higher levels of impulsivity and poorer emotional regulation abilities. Action impulsivity may play a significant role in the mechanism of NSSI behaviors. ［Funded by Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Research Project （number， Q202320）］

Objective To investigate the efficacy of preoperative nebulized indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted thoracoscopic anatomical lesion resection (TALR) in treating pediatric congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 45 children with CPAM who underwent thoracoscopic surgery at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between June 2023 and March 2025. The patients were divided into an ICG group (preoperative nebulized ICG 0.5 mg/kg+TALR) and a non-ICG group (TALR under white light), with perioperative and postoperative recovery parameters compared between groups. Results A total of 45 children [22 males, 23 females; median age 7.4 (1.1-75.0) months] were enrolled. The ICG group (n=22) and non-ICG group (n=23) both achieved uneventful recoveries. Compared to the non-ICG group, the ICG group demonstrated significantly shorter surgical duration [91.3 (38.0-144.0) min vs. 100.0 (50.0-175.0) min, P=0.032], reduced intraoperative blood loss [3.0 (2.0-10.0) mL vs. 5.0 (1.0-10.0) mL, P=0.049], shorter postoperative drainage duration [2.7 (1.9-3.9) d vs. 3.4 (1.8-19.9) d, P=0.003], and shortened hospital stay [4.6 (2.9-9.8) d vs. 5.0 (3.9-21.5) d, P=0.013]. Residual lesions occurred in 2 patients from the non-ICG group but none in the ICG group. Intragroup comparisons revealed significant improvements in ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time, ratio of volume to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory volume, and tidal volume per kilogram after surgery in both groups (P<0.05), though intergroup differences showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Preoperative nebulized ICG administration facilitates lesion identification in CPAM, reduces technical difficulty of TALR, enhances therapeutic outcomes, and provides valuable assistance for performing TALR procedures.

The integration of multi-source data and the establishment of early warning indicator systems constitute pivotal elements for advancing surveillance and early warning capacities in respiratory infectious diseases. Given the multifaceted transmission mechanisms and complex contributing factors inherent in respiratory infectious diseases, surveillance datasets and associated early warning indicators demonstrate notable heterogeneity and sophisticated interrelationships. Furthermore, as surveillance and early warning requirements significantly vary across diverse epidemiological scenarios, accurate assessment of the value and applicability of distinct data types and indicators is imperative. This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes recent advancements in surveillance data and early warning indicators for respiratory infectious diseases, drawing on both domestic and international research. Particular attention is dedicated to analyzing the applicability and efficacy of various data types and indicators within multiple practical contexts, aiming to provide robust theoretical frameworks and methodological guidance to facilitate the development of resilient and efficient surveillance and early warning systems for respiratory infectious diseases.

Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline,presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine.Since the 1980s,the establishment of foren-sic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront,proposing the development goals of"Five First-class"and the discipline development path"Six Major Achievements".It has selected benchmark disci-plines,identified gaps in disciplinary development,unified thoughts,formulated completion timelines,concentrated superior resources,assigned tasks to individuals,and created an"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format"forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era.The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals,discipline frame-work,scientific research,talent cultivation,discipline team and platform construction,forming a rela-tively complete discipline construction and management system,and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.

Objective To construct an aptamer-functionalized carboxylated graphene oxide(CGO)fluo-rescent sensor to achieve highly sensitive and specific detection of ketamine(KET)and its metabolite norketamine(NK)using an aptamer capable of simultaneously recognizing KET and NK.Methods A specific aptamer for simultaneous recognition of KET and NK was screened using graphene oxide-sys-tematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment(GO-SELEX)and molecular docking tech-niques.The aptamer,labeled with Cy5 fluorescence,was chemically conjugated to CGO to construct an aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor.By optimizing detection conditions,including the mass concentration of CGO,aptamer concentration,reaction temperature,and incubation time,quantita-tive analysis of the target analytes was achieved using the ratio of fluorescence intensity changes be-fore and after target addition.The stability of the sensor in biological matrices was evaluated by moni-toring fluorescence intensity changes over incubation time in blank blood and urine,in comparison with the traditional physical adsorption-based CGO fluorescent sensor.Spiked recovery experiments in blank blood and urine were conducted to compare performance with that of HPLC-MS/MS.Results A specific aptamer A5 was selected and chemically conjugated with CGO to construct the aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor.Under optimized conditions,the proposed fluorescent sensor ex-hibited a linear detection range of 1.0-5.0 ng/mL for KET,with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.86 ng/mL;while for NK,the linear detection range was 1.0-5.0 ng/mL,with an LOD of 0.70 ng/mL.Com-pared with the CGO fluorescent sensor constructed via physical adsorption,this sensor demonstrated greater stability in blood and urine.The spiked recovery rates of KET and NK in blank blood and urine ranged from 81.50%to 110.03%,exhibiting detection performance comparable to that of HPLC-MS/MS.Conclusion The aptamer screening method offers a novel approach for selecting aptamers tar-geting drugs and their metabolites.The constructed aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor pro-vides an efficient and reliable strategy for the high-performance detection of KET and NK.

The cultivation of innovation ability is not only the essential requirement of graduate education,but also the strate-gic demand of the development of the communist party and our country,and is of great significance to the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Curriculum ideology and politics should run through the whole process of post-graduate innovation ability training.However,the curriculum ideology and politics and postgraduate innovation ability training lack deep integration.It's important for postgraduates'growth and scientific research innovation that the curriculum ideology and politics covers the whole process of scientific research activities.Therefore,this paper focuses on the design and specific implementation schemes of the curriculum ideology and politics on the postgraduate innovative ability training at the respiratory disease research team in the department of medical immunology.It makes a basis for optimizing postgraduate curriculum ideology and politics teaching in the future,which also provides ideas for cultivating innovative talents with both morality and ability in medical specialty.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the Kaiser score for ultrasound(US)BI-RADS 4A lesions and the potential to avoid unnecessary biopsies.Methods Data of patients who underwent breast US and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)between May 2019 and June 2023 were retrospectively collected,and all cases were confirmed by puncture biopsy or surgical pathology.The diagnostic efficacy of Kaiser score and MRI BI-RADS classification for US BI-RADS 4A lesions was calculated and compared using pathologic findings as the gold standard.Results A total of 119 lesions(74 benign and 45 malignant lesions)were found in the 119 patients.The diagnostic efficacy of the Kaiser score was significantly better than that of the MRI BI-RADS classification(AUC:0.88 vs.0.65,P＜0.000 1).The concordance of the Kaiser score results with the pathologic findings and the inter-observer concordance were better than that of the MRI BI-RADS classification.Unnecessary biopsies could be avoided in 87.8％(65/74)and 33.8％(25/74)of the cases when the Kaiser score and the MRI BI-RADS classification were applied for the diagnosis of US BI-RADS 4A lesions,respectively.Conclusion The Kaiser score can provide a diagnostic basis for risk stratification of US BI-RADS 4A lesions,and its diagnostic efficacy and inter-observer agreement are superior to those of MRI BI-RADS classification.

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum high-mobility group box protein B1(HMGB1)and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products(sRAGE)in the occurrence and short-term prognosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE).Methods Clinical data of 228 patients with sepsis were retrospectively analyzed.According to the presence of SAE,patients were divided into the SAE group(96 cases)and the non-SAE group(132 cases).General clinical data,laboratory test results,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)scores,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores and serum HMGB1 and sRAGE levels were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors influencing SAE occurrence.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive ability of HMGB1,sRAGE and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio to predict the occurrence and short-term prognosis of SAE.Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the 28-day mortality rates of SAE patients with different HMGB1 and sRAGE expression levels.Results Compared to the non-SAE group,patients in the SAE group exhibited elevated serum HMGB1 levels,decreased sRAGE levels and an increased HMGB1/sRAGE ratio(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)for predicting SAE using HMGB1,sRAGE and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio were 0.826(95%CI:0.770-0.872),0.682(95%CI:0.617-0.742)and 0.895(95%CI:0.848-0.932),respectively,indicating predictive value.Among the 96 SAE patients,52(54.2%)died within 28 days.There were no statistically significant differences in HMGB1,sRAGE and the HMGB1/sRAGE ratio between surviving and deceased patients(P＞0.05).Similarly,there were no significant differences in 28-day mortality rates between SAE patients with different HMGB1 or sRAGE expression levels.Conclusion Elevated serum HMGB1 and reduced sRAGE are of significant value in the auxiliary diagnosis of SAE,but have limited clinical predictive value for short-term prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Exosomes have been confirmed to be closely related to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.However,the role and mechanism of exosome-derived genes in cartilage degeneration of osteoarthritis have not been fully elucidated.OBJECTIVE:Bioinformatics analyses were used to screen the genes related to cartilage degeneration in the synovial exosomes of patients with osteoarthritis,and to determine their biological functions and signaling pathways in order to provide new therapeutic targets for delaying cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.METHODS:Firstly,osteoarthritis-related exosome dataset GSE185059 and cartilage degeneration dataset GSE114007 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database to screen exosome-derived cartilage degeneration related genes.GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed based on the screened exosome-derived cartilage degeneration related genes.Protein-protein interaction network was drawn and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)was conducted to screen and obtain key exosome-derived cartilage degeneration-related genes.Finally,qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression of key genes in osteoarthritis cartilage tissue and interleukin-1β stimulated chondrocyte models.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were 831 differentially expressed genes in the GSE185059 dataset and 5 323 differentially expressed genes in the GSE114007 dataset.A total of 94 exosome-derived cartilage degeneration related genes were screened after the intersection of these differentially expressed genes,of which 51 genes were down-regulated and 43 genes were up-regulated.(2)GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in the positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion,the positive regulation of T cell activation,and chronic inflammatory response,while the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in biological processes such as cell aggregation,cartilage differentiation and development,and skeletal system morphogenesis.(3)KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that exosome-derived cartilage degeneration-related genes were mainly involved in tryptophan enrichment metabolism,vitamin B6 metabolism,and leukocyte transendothelial migration.(4)The constructed protein-protein interaction network confirmed the existence of multiple interaction relationships among exosome-derived cartilage degeneration-related genes.Combined with five algorithms in CytoHubba software,four key exosome-derived cartilage degeneration-related genes were further screened,namely THY1,CYP1A1,NFKB2,and COL6A3.(5)The results of qRT-PCR showed that compared with normal cartilage,the expressions of THY1 and COL6A3 in osteoarthritic cartilage were increased,while the expression of CYP1A1 and NFKB2 was decreased.Similarly,compared with the unstimulated group,the expression of THY1 and COL6A3 in the interleukin-1β induced chondrocytes was upregulated,while the expression of CYP1A1 and NFKB2 was downregulated.(6)These results indicate that THY1,CYP1A1,NFKB2,and COL6A3 are genes related to cartilage degeneration in the exosomes of synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis,and may participate in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by regulating biological processes such as protein tyrosine kinase activity and lipid metabolism,as well as nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and focal adhesion signaling pathway.However,the specific regulatory roles and molecular mechanisms of these key genes in cartilage degeneration need to be further verified by experiments.