OBJECTIVE To explore the willingness to pay （WTP） of Urumqi residents for community pharmacies’ medication guidance services and its influencing factors， so as to provide data support for the optimization of community pharmacy services and the establishment of a fee structure for medication guidance services. METHODS A stratified quota sampling method was employed to select 14 communities in Urumqi City. From April to June 2025， a combined offline and online questionnaire survey was conducted among adult residents in these communities. The contingent valuation method was used to construct three hypothetical scenarios （namely， basic， enhanced and extended services） of medication counselling in community pharmacies to assess residents’ WTP for these services. Binary Logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of WTP. RESULTS A total of 576 valid questionnaires were obtained. Under the scenarios of basic， enhanced and extended services， 38.54%， 49.65% and 67.19% of the respondents expressed WTP for the services， respectively. Occupational type， type of basic medical insurance， annual income， perception of pharmacists’ profession， and acceptance level of the service were identified as major influencing factors for WTP （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The willingness of residents in Urumqi to pay for medication counseling services provided by pharmacists in community pharmacies significantly increases with the enrichment of service content. It is recommended to incorporate basic medication counselling services provided by pharmacists in community pharmacies into medical insurance payment， while value-added services should be partially or fully self-paid by residents. Additionally， efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion of the professional and service value of licensed pharmacists， so as to facilitate the high-quality development of pharmaceutical care.

Purpose To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics,diagnostic features,differential diag-nosis,and prognosis of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young(PLNTY).Methods Clinical and imaging data from 7 patients with PLNTY were collected.Morphological evaluation was performed using HE staining.Immunohistochemistry with the EnVision method was used to detect the expression of including CD34,BRAF,IDH1,GFAP,Ki67,and other proteins.BRAF gene mutations were detected by real-time PCR,CDKN2A/B and 1p/19q co-deletion were assessed by FISH,and next-generation sequencing(NGS)was performed on selected cases.Results Among the seven patients,six were male and one was female,aged 8-29 years(median age:22 years).Tumors were located in the temporal lobe(5 cases),left insula and anterior temporal lobe(1 case),and frontotemporal lobe(1 case).Six patients had a history of epilepsy.Histologically,all tumors displayed oligodendroglioma-like areas.Two cases exhibited perivascular pseudorosette-like arrangements,and two showed focal cellular pleomorphism.Calcifica-tion and capillary networks were observed in all cases.Immunohistochemically,all tumors were positive for GFAP and Olig-2 and negative for IDH1(R132H).CD34 showed diffuse positivity in all cases.BRAF was positive in five cases.The Ki67 proliferation index ranged from 1％to 5％.Molecularly,all cases were IDH-wild type,with no 1p/19q co-deletion or CDKN2A/B deletion.BRAF V600E mutants were identified in five cases,and FGFR alterations in two.During follow-up(5-48 months),all patients survived;five remained recurrence-free,while two experienced recur-rence.Conclusion As a rare low-grade neuroepithelial tumor,clinicians and pathologists should master the diagnostic key points and differential diagnosis of PLNTY to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the optimization potential of clinical target volume (CTV) delineation proposed in the guidelines of the Oncology Group (RTOG), the Francophone Group of Urological Radiotherapy (GFRU), and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) based on prostate bed local occurrence patterns after radical prostatectomy identified using prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with local prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy who underwent PSMA PET at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital from September 2021 to February 2024. The central point of each recurrence was marked. A six-zone method was established based on prostate bed anatomy and the characteristics of cross-sectional imaging. Then, the positional relationships (within or outside) were recorded with respect to recurrences and CTV defined by the RTOG, GFRU, and ESTRO (CTV RTOG, CTV GFRU, and CTV ESTRO), followed the analysis of the recurrence rates and distribution characteristics of various zones. Results:A total of 63 patients with prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy were enrolled in this study, including 97 recurrences. The recurrence rates in the six zones were as follows: 10% of zone 1, 22% of zone 2, 29% of zone 3, 2% of zone 4, 12% of zone 5a, 18% of zone 5b, and 7% of zone 6. Among these zones, zones 2 and 3 showed the highest and second-highest recurrence rates, respectively. CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO completely covered zones 2 and 3, while CTV RTOG covered zone 2 completely and zone 3 partially. Zone 4, characterized by a low recurrence rate, was not covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO but was entirely covered by CTV RTOG. Zone 5a, with a recurrence rate of 12%, was completely covered by CTV RTOG but was partially covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO. The range of 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder covered all recurrences in zone 5a. Conclusions:For CTV delineation of the prostate cancer surgical bed, zone 4, the anterior half of the bladder above the pubic symphysis midpoint, should be contracted due to the low recurrence rate in this zone. In contrast, the anterior boundary above the pubic symphysis midpoint should extend to 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder to completely cover the recurrence zones.

AIM To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of dehydrodiisoeugenol,eugenol,costiolactone,dehydrocostiolactone,quercetin,isorhamnetin,luteolin,caffeic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,ellagic acid and kaempferol in Anshen Buxin Liuwei Pills,and to make chemical pattern recognition.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Shim-pack GST-HP C18 column(2.1 mm × 100 mm,3 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-water(containing 0.1％formic acid)flowing at 0.25 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.Subsequently,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis were performed.RESULTS Twelve constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r≥0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 95.38％-105.00％with the RSDs of 1.91％-5.14％.Thirteen batches of samples were clustered into 3 types,ellagic acid,dehydrocodenolactone,dehydrodiisoeugenol,protocatechuic acid,gallic acid,quercetin and kaempferol were taken as potential quality differential markers.CONCLUSION This accurate,sensitive,stable and reproducible method can be used for the quality control and evaluation of Anshen Buxin Liuwei Pills.

Purpose To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics,diagnostic features,differential diag-nosis,and prognosis of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young(PLNTY).Methods Clinical and imaging data from 7 patients with PLNTY were collected.Morphological evaluation was performed using HE staining.Immunohistochemistry with the EnVision method was used to detect the expression of including CD34,BRAF,IDH1,GFAP,Ki67,and other proteins.BRAF gene mutations were detected by real-time PCR,CDKN2A/B and 1p/19q co-deletion were assessed by FISH,and next-generation sequencing(NGS)was performed on selected cases.Results Among the seven patients,six were male and one was female,aged 8-29 years(median age:22 years).Tumors were located in the temporal lobe(5 cases),left insula and anterior temporal lobe(1 case),and frontotemporal lobe(1 case).Six patients had a history of epilepsy.Histologically,all tumors displayed oligodendroglioma-like areas.Two cases exhibited perivascular pseudorosette-like arrangements,and two showed focal cellular pleomorphism.Calcifica-tion and capillary networks were observed in all cases.Immunohistochemically,all tumors were positive for GFAP and Olig-2 and negative for IDH1(R132H).CD34 showed diffuse positivity in all cases.BRAF was positive in five cases.The Ki67 proliferation index ranged from 1％to 5％.Molecularly,all cases were IDH-wild type,with no 1p/19q co-deletion or CDKN2A/B deletion.BRAF V600E mutants were identified in five cases,and FGFR alterations in two.During follow-up(5-48 months),all patients survived;five remained recurrence-free,while two experienced recur-rence.Conclusion As a rare low-grade neuroepithelial tumor,clinicians and pathologists should master the diagnostic key points and differential diagnosis of PLNTY to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the current status of hospital-acquired rhinosinusitis (HAR) in Neurocritical Care Unit (NCU) patients and to analyze its risk factors.Methods:From January 2021 to December 2022, 819 NCU patients of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University were selected by whole population sampling method, of which 125 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for analysis. Patients were categorized into HAR group ( n=69) and non-HAR group ( n=56) based on the occurrence of HAR. Differences in demographic and clinical data of the two groups of patients were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for the HAR in patients. Results:HAR occurred in 69 NCU patients, with an incidence of 55.2% (69/125) . There were statistically significant differences in gender, smoking history, Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, whether or not there was pneumonia, whether or not a nasogastric tube was indwelt before the occurrence of HAR, whether or not tracheal intubation was performed before the occurrence of HAR, whether or not mechanical ventilation was conducted before the occurrence of HAR, whether or not tracheotomy was performed, and the length of NCU stay between patients in HAR group and non-HAR group ( P<0.05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that indwelling nasogastric tube before the occurrence of HAR, failure to quit smoking before admission, and prolonged NCU stay were risk factors for HAR ( OR=6.291, 3.976, 1.089; P<0.05) . Conclusions:NCU patients have a high incidence of HAR, and indwelling nasogastric tube, failure to quit smoking before admission, and prolonged NCU stay are risk factors for HAR in NCU patients.

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) released the "2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension" on August 30, 2024. This guideline updates the 2018 "Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension." One notable update is the introduction of the concept of "elevated blood pressure" (120-139/70-89 mm Hg). Additionally, a new systolic blood pressure target range of 120-129 mm Hg has been proposed for most patients receiving antihypertensive treatment. The guideline also includes numerous additions or revisions in areas such as non-pharmacological interventions and device-based treatments for hypertension. This article interprets the guideline's recommendations on definition and classification of elevated blood pressure and hypertension, and cardiovascular disease risk assessment, diagnosing hypertension and investigating underlying causes, preventing and treating elevated blood pressure and hypertension. We provide a comparison interpretation with the 2018 "Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension" and the "2017 ACC/AHA guideline on the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults."

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of simultaneous surgical resection combined with thermal ablation in sequential treatment of patients with multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC). Methods Patients with MPLC who underwent simultaneous, sequential surgical resection combined with thermal ablation at Shangjin Branch of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2023 to May 2024 were retrospectively included, and their perioperative and follow-up data were analyzed. Results A total of 23 patients with MPLC were enrolled, including 4 males and 19 females, with a mean age of (51.61±12.38) years. Cumulatively, 48 lesions were resected and 23 lesions were ablated. About half of the patients (52.17%) had surgery and ablation treatment located in the same lung. All patients completed the combined treatment without intraoperative complications. Four patients had postoperative complications, and were effectively managed and successfully discharged. The median postoperative hospital stay was 4.00 (4.00, 4.00) days. The average follow-up duration was (11.78±4.90) months, with a local control rate of 100.00% at 6 months postoperatively. No deaths or tumor occurred during the follow-up. Conclusion Simultaneous surgery with thermal ablation in sequential treatment for MPLC is safe, flexible and effective, providing a new option for this group of patients, but further studies are needed to evaluate its long-term efficacy.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Evidence mapping was used to systematically analyze the clinical research evidence of oral Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), thus revealing the distribution and quality of evidence in this field. The relevant articles were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to July 5, 2024. The distribution characteristics of evidence were presented numerically and graphically. A total of 35 Chinese patent medicines were identified, involving 261 articles. The basic information of the 35 Chinese patent medicines, publication trend, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes, interventions, and outcome indicators were compared and analyzed, and the methodological quality of the articles was evaluated. The results indicated that the clinical scope of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of ICH was broad. However, the available studies inadequately emphasized the advantages and characteristics of TCM, lacked the safety information and the standards for evaluating outcome indicators, and paid insufficient attention to cognitive ability and neuropsychology. In addition, these articles demonstrated low quality. It is recommended that follow-up clinical research should be standardized and highlight the characteristics of TCM. In the analysis of outcome indicators, TCM syndrome evaluation should be taken as an important outcome indicator, and the evaluation criteria should be unified. Moreover, more attention should be paid to patients' cognitive ability and neuropsychology. The holder of marketing license of Chinese patent medicines should standardize the clinical position and improve the safety information in the medicine instructions according to the relevant requirements of the National Medical Products Administration. Additionally, the proportion of Chinese patent medicines in the category A list of medical insurance should be increased, and the limited medical resources should be rationally allocated.
Cerebral Hemorrhage/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs/administration & dosage* ; Administration, Oral