Objective:To analyze the incidence, mortality, survival patterns, and distribution characteristics of modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer in selected global regions.Methods:Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the GLOBOCAN database and previous literature. We described the number of cases and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence and mortality for colorectal cancer in China, the United States, the United Kingdom, and globally in 2022 and 2020, with gender-stratified analysis. ASRs were calculated using Segi's world standard population. Temporal trends in 5-year net survival rates were compared across three periods (2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014) among countries. Regional distribution differences in colorectal cancer deaths attributable to modifiable risk factors by gender were assessed in China.Results:In 2022, global colorectal cancer incidence and mortality were estimated at 1.926 million new cases and 904 000 deaths. China accounted for 27% of both global incidence (517 000 cases) and mortality (240 000 deaths). China's age-standardized incidence rate (20.1 per 100 000) was lower than those of the United States (27.0 per 100 000) and the UK (30.9 per 100 000). However, China's mortality rate (8.6 per 100 000) exceeded that of the US (7.9 per 100 000) but was lower than the UK (11.8 per 100 000). Compared to 2020, China demonstrated significant mortality reductions in 2022: males declined from 14.8 to 10.9 per 100 000, females from 9.4 to 6.5 per 100 000. Five-year net survival rates in China improved across periods for colon cancer (51.4%, 55.6%, 57.6%) and rectal cancer (49.5%, 52.5%, 56.9%), yet remained consistently lower than US and UK rates. Modifiable risk factors contributed to 45.1% of male and 41.4% of female colorectal cancer deaths in China, with marked regional disparities.Conclusions:China exhibits higher colorectal cancer incidence and mortality than global averages, with survival gaps persisting compared to developed nations. Regionally tailored comprehensive prevention strategies are essential to reduce disease burden through risk factor modification and optimized clinical management.

Malignant tumors (commonly referred to as cancer) represent a major global public health challenge and contribute significantly to the worldwide disease burden. Early screening plays a critical role in improving detection rates, enabling timely intervention, and enhancing patient survival rates. However, current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening, which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection. A scientifically rational, multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages: it optimizes the use of biological samples, reduces time costs for participants, enhances the efficiency and comprehensiveness of screening, and minimizes overall expenses. Such an approach also facilitates the rational allocation of healthcare resources, ultimately helping to reduce the societal burden of cancer. To address this need, the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers in China. This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest domestic and international researches on cancer screening, early detection, and treatment for prevalent malignancies. Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context, as well as practical screening experiences, the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations, screening technologies, and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening. These guidelines align with the principles and methodologies established by the World Health Organization (WHO), aiming to enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China, improve early detection rates, and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.

Malignant tumors(commonly referred to as cancer)represent a major global public health challenge and contribute significantly to the worldwide disease burden.Early screening plays a critical role in improving detection rates,enabling timely intervention,and enhancing pa-tient survival rates.However,current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening,which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection.A scientifical-ly rational,multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages:it optimizes the use of bio-logical samples,reduces time costs for participants,enhances the efficiency and comprehensive-ness of screening,and minimizes overall expenses.Such an approach also facilitates the rational allocation of healthcare resources,ultimately helping to reduce the societal burden of cancer.To address this need,the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers in China.This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest domestic and interna-tional researches on cancer screening,early detection,and treatment for prevalent malignancies.Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context,as well as practical screening experiences,the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations,screening technologies,and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening.These guidelines align with the principles and methodologies established by the World Health Organization(WHO),aiming to:enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China,improve early detec-tion rates,and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.

Malignant tumors(commonly referred to as cancers)represent a major global public health challenge and contribute substan-tially to the global disease burden.Early screening plays a crucial role in improving detection rates,enabling timely intervention,and enhan-cing patient survival.However,current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening,which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection.A scientifically rational,multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages:it optimizes the use of biological samples,reduces the time burden for participants,enhances the efficiency and comprehensiveness of screening,and min-imizes overall expenses.Moreover,this approach facilitates rational allocation of healthcare resources,ultimately helping to reduce the soci-etal burden of cancer.To address gap,the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the China Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers.This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest do-mestic and international researches on cancer screening,early detection,and treatment of prevalent malignancies.Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context and practical screening experiences,the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations,screening technologies,and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening.These guidelines align with the prin-ciples and methodologies established by the World Health Organization(WHO),aiming to enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China,improve early detection rates,and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.

Background and aims:Environmental pollutants,particularly organochlorine insecticides like endosulfan(ENDO),are increasingly linked to liver toxicity and related diseases.Despite its widespread historical use,the mechanisms underlying ENDO-induced liver damage remain poorly understood.This study aims to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ENDO-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ENDO for two weeks.Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)was subsequently performed on mouse livers to explore ENDO-induced hepatotoxicity at the single-cell level.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)across cell types and treatments were identified and then subjected to pathway enrichment to uncover key biological processes affected by ENDO.Transcription factor(TF)regulatory network,pseudotime trajectory,and cellular communication analysis were used to explore the molecular and cellular changes after ENDO exposure.Results:ENDO not only caused direct hepatocyte injury but also activated hepatic stellate cells and lymphocytes,triggering inflammatory responses with upregulation of multiple key chemokines and cytotoxic genes.Additionally,ENDO exposure led to the recruitment and activation of myeloid cells,contributing to the inflammatory milieu.An increase in intercellular communication and changes to the hepatic microenvironment,especially the interaction between activated hepatic stellate cells and CD8+T cells were observed,further implicating these processes in ENDO-induced liver damage.Conclusions:This study provides new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying liver injury induced by organochlorine insecticides like ENDO.Key genes and pathways involved in ENDO-associated liver toxicity have been identified at a single-cell resolution.These findings suggest that altered cellular communications and inflammatory responses may play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of ENDO-induced liver injury.

Xiang thinking is a cognitive approach that reflects the relationships between phenomena and their underlying principles by analyzing their external manifestations through methods such as analogy， reasoning， deduction， and symbolism. This article applied xiang thinking to analyze the etiology and pathogenesis of "wind， fire， phlegm， and blood stasis" in stroke， thereby exploring its impact on the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment of this condition. Meanwhile， the article traced the construction process of xiang thinking， and interpreted the concept of "toxin pathogen" in traditional Chinese medicine from four perspectives， state， attribute， origin， and law. Furthermore， the relationship between the process of constructing xiang thinking and the origin of etiology， identification methods， pathogenesis evolution， and treatment strategies for stroke with syndrome of combined blood stasis and toxin was explored， so as to provide insights into research on the etiology and pathogenesis of stroke， as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment approaches.

This study aims to simultaneously detect three antibiotic resistance genes(blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr).A triplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method was established.Plasmids,primers and probes were designed and optimized.The method could specifically detect blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr,but not other antibiotic resistance genes.The R2 of the standard curves of the three antibiotic re-sistance genes were all greater than 0.999,and the coefficients of variation were all lower than 1％.The lowest detection limits of the plasmids were 1 × 102 copies/μL.This method was used to de-tect 800 bacterial samples.The results showed that 32 samples contained mcr-1 gene,40 samples contained blaNDM gene,2 samples contained cfr gene,8 samples contained both mcr-1 and blaNDM genes.There were no samples carrying three antibiotic resistance genes detected.The results indica-ted that the triplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method established in this experiment had the advantages of high sensitivity,specificity and stability.It was suitable for rapid detection of blaNDM,mcr-1 and cfr antibiotic resistance genes in clinical practice.It provided a convenient and quick method basis for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of semantic and orthographic processing in school-age children with different reading abilities using event-related potential (ERP).Methods:Children aged 7-11 years old were recruited from the Learning Difficulties Clinic of Changzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University and local elementary schools from September 2022 to December 2024. All the participants were divided into three groups: developmental dyslexia (DD) group ( n=28), DD-risk group ( n=21), and normal control (NC) group ( n=30). All subjects completed ERP tasks including Chinese character semantic priming and pseudo-character judgment tasks. The P200 and N400 amplitudes as well as behavioral indicators were recorded. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA by SPSS 27.0 software. Results:(1) P200 amplitude comparison: a significant interaction effect of task condition × electrode location × group was observed ( F(4, 152)=3.243, P=0.014, ηp2=0.079). Specifically, during the pseudo-character judgment task, the amplitude in the left frontal-central brain region was significantly higher than that in the right frontal-central brain region in the NC group ( P=0.003). In the semantic-related and semantic-unrelated tasks, the amplitudes of the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly higher than those of the NC group (all P<0.05). In the left frontal-central brain region, no significant difference in amplitude was found among the three groups in the pseudo-character task. In the right frontal-central brain region, the amplitude of the DD group and DD-risk group were still significantly higher than that of the NC group in the pseudo-character task (both P<0.05). (2) N400 amplitude comparison: the interaction effect of task condition × electrode location × group( F(4, 152)=2.237, P=0.068, ηp2=0.056), task condition × group( F(4, 152)=0.778, P=0.541, ηp2=0.020), electrode location × group( F(2, 76)=2.178, P=0.120, ηp2=0.054), task condition × electrode location( F(2, 152)=2.751, P=0.067, ηp2=0.035)were not significant.The main effect of group was significant ( F(2, 76)=10.346, P<0.001, ηp2=0.214). The amplitudes in the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly lower than that in the NC group ( P<0.05). The main effect of task condition was also significant ( F(2, 152)=53.710, P<0.01, ηp2=0.414). The amplitudes followed the order: pseudo-character judgment > semantically unrelated > semantically related (all P<0.05). The main effect of electrode location was significant ( F(1, 76)=4.511, P=0.037, ηp2=0.056). The amplitudes in the left frontal-central brain region((-2.54±0.33)μV) were significantly higher than those in the right frontal-central brain region((-1.94±0.30)μV) across all three groups( P<0.05). (3) Accuracy comparison: a significant interaction effect of task condition × group was observed ( F(4, 152)=10.260, P<0.01, ηp2=0.213). Specifically, for semantically related and unrelated tasks, accuracies in the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly lower than those in the NC group (all P<0.05), with no significant difference between the DD group and DD-risk group ( P>0.05). During the pseudo-character judgment task, no significant difference in accuracy was found among the three groups ( P>0.05). (4)Reaction time comparison: the interaction effect of task condition × group was not significant( F(2, 76)=2.896, P=0.063, ηp2=0.083). The main effect of group was significant ( F(2, 76)=11.181, P<0.01, ηp2=0.259). The reaction time in the DD-risk group was significantly longer than those in the DD group and NC group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Chinese children with DD exhibit deficits in both semantic and orthographic processing: enhanced P200 amplitudes (reflecting insufficient attentional allocation and/or inefficient orthographic processing), preserved yet diminished N400 effects (indicating impaired semantic integration while automatic semantic priming remains intact). Children at risk for DD show similar neural profiles, suggesting that semantic and orthographic processing abnormalities may represent stable neurobiological markers of reading disorder development.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of semantic and orthographic processing in school-age children with different reading abilities using event-related potential (ERP).Methods:Children aged 7-11 years old were recruited from the Learning Difficulties Clinic of Changzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University and local elementary schools from September 2022 to December 2024. All the participants were divided into three groups: developmental dyslexia (DD) group ( n=28), DD-risk group ( n=21), and normal control (NC) group ( n=30). All subjects completed ERP tasks including Chinese character semantic priming and pseudo-character judgment tasks. The P200 and N400 amplitudes as well as behavioral indicators were recorded. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA by SPSS 27.0 software. Results:(1) P200 amplitude comparison: a significant interaction effect of task condition × electrode location × group was observed ( F(4, 152)=3.243, P=0.014, ηp2=0.079). Specifically, during the pseudo-character judgment task, the amplitude in the left frontal-central brain region was significantly higher than that in the right frontal-central brain region in the NC group ( P=0.003). In the semantic-related and semantic-unrelated tasks, the amplitudes of the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly higher than those of the NC group (all P<0.05). In the left frontal-central brain region, no significant difference in amplitude was found among the three groups in the pseudo-character task. In the right frontal-central brain region, the amplitude of the DD group and DD-risk group were still significantly higher than that of the NC group in the pseudo-character task (both P<0.05). (2) N400 amplitude comparison: the interaction effect of task condition × electrode location × group( F(4, 152)=2.237, P=0.068, ηp2=0.056), task condition × group( F(4, 152)=0.778, P=0.541, ηp2=0.020), electrode location × group( F(2, 76)=2.178, P=0.120, ηp2=0.054), task condition × electrode location( F(2, 152)=2.751, P=0.067, ηp2=0.035)were not significant.The main effect of group was significant ( F(2, 76)=10.346, P<0.001, ηp2=0.214). The amplitudes in the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly lower than that in the NC group ( P<0.05). The main effect of task condition was also significant ( F(2, 152)=53.710, P<0.01, ηp2=0.414). The amplitudes followed the order: pseudo-character judgment > semantically unrelated > semantically related (all P<0.05). The main effect of electrode location was significant ( F(1, 76)=4.511, P=0.037, ηp2=0.056). The amplitudes in the left frontal-central brain region((-2.54±0.33)μV) were significantly higher than those in the right frontal-central brain region((-1.94±0.30)μV) across all three groups( P<0.05). (3) Accuracy comparison: a significant interaction effect of task condition × group was observed ( F(4, 152)=10.260, P<0.01, ηp2=0.213). Specifically, for semantically related and unrelated tasks, accuracies in the DD group and DD-risk group were significantly lower than those in the NC group (all P<0.05), with no significant difference between the DD group and DD-risk group ( P>0.05). During the pseudo-character judgment task, no significant difference in accuracy was found among the three groups ( P>0.05). (4)Reaction time comparison: the interaction effect of task condition × group was not significant( F(2, 76)=2.896, P=0.063, ηp2=0.083). The main effect of group was significant ( F(2, 76)=11.181, P<0.01, ηp2=0.259). The reaction time in the DD-risk group was significantly longer than those in the DD group and NC group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Chinese children with DD exhibit deficits in both semantic and orthographic processing: enhanced P200 amplitudes (reflecting insufficient attentional allocation and/or inefficient orthographic processing), preserved yet diminished N400 effects (indicating impaired semantic integration while automatic semantic priming remains intact). Children at risk for DD show similar neural profiles, suggesting that semantic and orthographic processing abnormalities may represent stable neurobiological markers of reading disorder development.

Malignant tumors(commonly referred to as cancer)represent a major global public health challenge and contribute significantly to the worldwide disease burden.Early screening plays a critical role in improving detection rates,enabling timely intervention,and enhancing pa-tient survival rates.However,current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening,which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection.A scientifical-ly rational,multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages:it optimizes the use of bio-logical samples,reduces time costs for participants,enhances the efficiency and comprehensive-ness of screening,and minimizes overall expenses.Such an approach also facilitates the rational allocation of healthcare resources,ultimately helping to reduce the societal burden of cancer.To address this need,the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers in China.This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest domestic and interna-tional researches on cancer screening,early detection,and treatment for prevalent malignancies.Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context,as well as practical screening experiences,the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations,screening technologies,and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening.These guidelines align with the principles and methodologies established by the World Health Organization(WHO),aiming to:enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China,improve early detec-tion rates,and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.