Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

[Objective] To conduct serological identification and molecular mechanism study on a ambiguous ABO blood group. [Methods] Standard serological techniques were used for the forward and reverse typing of ABO blood type. ABO gene coding and regulatory regions were analyzed by PCR after DNA extraction. Monoclonal sequencing was used to detect the haplotypes of the DNA sequence, and bioinformatics analysis was applied to predict the possible translation outcomes of the mutated DNA sequence. [Results] The sample’s red blood cells showed mixed field agglutination with anti-A, and the serum agglutinated with B cells, exhibiting serological characteristics of subtype A. Direct sequencing and monoclonal sequencing analysis of the ABO gene confirmed one allele as O02, the other had a c.27delC mutation compared with A102, which could cause the translation sequence to terminate prematurely at the 19th amino acids. Analysis and prediction suggested that the mutation might affect the function of the transferase through mechanisms such as shifting the initiation codon, altering the reading frame and affecting the splice sites. [Conclusion] This case is a rare A subtype caused by the c.27delC variation, and the impact on the glycosyltransferase may involve multiple mechanisms, which require further research and exploration.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of the systemic inflammatory immune nutri-tion score(SIINS)for the prognosis of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 202 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received treatment with programmed death-1(PD-1)inhibitors at the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from October 2018 to July 2022.The LASSO regression analysis was used to screen prognostic indicators,construct SIINS indicator,determine the optimal cutoff value for predicting prognosis using subject operating characteristic curves,and divide patients into the high SIINS and low SIINS groups.Independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS)were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Results Four indicators,including lymphocyte count,lactate dehydrogenase,and neutrophil lymphocytes,were selected to construct the SIINS index.The prognosis of patients in the high SIINS group was significantly lower than that in the low SIINS group(P<0.05).The results of the multifactorial Cox regression a-nalysis showed that the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score,Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index(GNRI),SIINS,treatment regimen,and number of treatment lines(P<0.05)could serve as the independent predictive prognosis of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.Conclusion SIINS can predict the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors.

Objective To analyze and clarify the concept of family communication collective efficacy in hospitalized patients.Methods A systematic search was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP Database,WanFang Database,PubMed Database and Web of Science(WOS)for studies related to family communication efficacy.The search timeframe spanned from the inception of each database to December 2024.Rodgers'evolutionary concept analysis method was applied to analyze the retrieved literature.Results A total of 40 articles were included.The analysis shows that the evolution process of the concept of family collective communication efficacy in hospitalized patients was introduced,encompassing the evolution of the family communication concept and the intersection and integration of family systems theory and collective efficacy theory.Family communication collective efficacy in hospitalized patients was characterized by four attributes:shared beliefs,emotional support,role allocation and coordination,and an integrated communication system.Its antecedents included factors such as sources of efficacy information,family member characteristics,and family team characteristics.The consequences were observed at three levels:individual,family,and healthcare system,including manifesting as bidirectional influences on individual health outcomes,family functioning,and healthcare quality improvement.Conclusions The core attributes of family communication collective efficacy in hospitalized patients were clarified through concept analysis.In the future,localized assessment tools should be developed based on these attributes to facilitate the implementation and evaluation of interventions aimed at enhancing family communication collective efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the PDCA cycle in critical value management.Methods PDCA cycle method was applied to manage critical values in an occupational disease hospital.Critical value data from October 2021 to March 2022 were analyzed to identify root causes,followed by corrective measures development and implementation.Post-inter-vention data,from July 2022 to November 2022,were compared with the pre-management data to evaluate the implementation effect of the PDCA cycle on critical value management.Results The application of the PDCA cycle led to a statistically signifi-cant increase in the execution compliance rate for emergency value execution in medical and technical departments increased to 100.00％,and in the clinical departments to 96.77％(P＜0.05).Conclusion PDCA cycle can improve the qualified rate of the implementation of critical value system,ensure patients safety,significantly reduce medical risks,and advance the level of standardization and precision in critical value management within our hospital.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture at acupoints distributed on conception vessel(CV)and governor vessel(GV)in treating ischemic stroke(AIS)complicated with dysphagia and explore its potential mechanism.Methods A total of 120 patients diagnosed with AIS complicated with dysphagia at Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from December 2020 to December 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 60 patients per group.The control group received conventional swallowing training,while the observation group received additional electroacupuncture at acupoints distributed on CV and GV.The treatment lasted for 4 weeks.After 1 month of treatment,clinical efficacy was assessed,and the changes in Standardized Swallowing Assessment(SSA)scores,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores,hyolaryngeal mobility(thyroid cartilage anterior/superior displacement,hyoid bone anterior/superior displacement),and KubotaWater Swallowing Test scores were observed.Cerebral microcirculation parameters and the Chinese version of the Eating/Drinking Quality of Life(EDQoL)questionnaire were also compared.Safety and adverse events were evaluated.Results(1)The total effective rate in the observation group was 95.00%(57/60),compared to 76.67%(46/60)in the control group,demonstrating statistically superior therapeutic efficacy in the observation group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,both groups showed significant improvements in SSA scores and NIHSS scores(P＜0.05),with the observation group exhibiting markedly better enhancement in both SSA and NIHSS scores compared to the control group,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(3)After intervention,significant improvements were observed in anterior displacement of thyroid cartilage,superior displacement of thyroid cartilage,anterior displacement of hyoid bone,and superior displacement of hyoid bone in both groups(P＜0.05).The observation group outperformed the control group in all these laryngeal kinematic parameters with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(4)Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in Kubota Water Swallowing Test scores after treatment(P＜0.05),with the observation group displaying statistically greater improvement than the control group(P＜0.05).(5)Cerebral arterial parameters including peak systolic velocity(Vs),mean velocity(Vm),and resistance index(RI)were significantly improved in both groups after treatment(P＜0.05).The observation group showed superior enhancement in these cerebrovascular hemodynamic indices compared to the control group(P＜0.05).(6)Significant improvements in EDQoL scores were observed in both groups after treatment(P＜0.05),with the observation group achieving statistically greater improvement than the control group(P＜0.05).(7)The total incidence of adverse reactions was 1.67%(1/60)in the observation group versus 11.67%(7/60)in the control group,indicating a statistically significant lower adverse event rate in the observation group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at acupoints distributed on CV and GV effectively alleviates dysphagia and neurological impairment,improves hyolaryngeal mobility and cerebral microcirculation,enhances quality of life,and reduces adverse events such as aspiration pneumonia in AIS patients complicated with dysphagia.

Xerostomia (dry mouth) is frequently experienced by patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancers or with Sjögren's syndrome, with no permanent cure existing for this debilitating condition. To this end, in vitro platforms are needed to test therapies directed at salivary (fluid-secreting) cells. However, since these are highly differentiated secretory cells, the maintenance of their differentiated state while expanding in numbers is challenging. In this study, the efficiency of three reversible thermo-ionically crosslinked gels: (1) alginate-gelatin (AG), (2) collagen-containing AG (AGC), and (3) hyaluronic acid-containing AG (AGHA), to recapitulate a native-like environment for human salivary gland (SG) cell expansion and 3D spheroid formation was compared. Although all gels were of mechanical properties comparable to human SG tissue (~11 kPa) and promoted the formation of 3D spheroids, AGHA gels produced larger (>100 cells/spheroid), viable (>93%), proliferative, and well-organized 3D SG spheroids while spatially and temporally maintaining the high expression of key SG proteins (aquaporin-5, NKCC1, ZO-1, α-amylase) for 14 days in culture. Moreover, the spheroids responded to agonist-induced stimulation by increasing α-amylase secretory granules. Here, we propose alternative low-cost, reproducible, and reversible AG-based 3D hydrogels that allow the facile and rapid retrieval of intact, highly viable 3D-SG spheroids.
Humans ; Hydrogels/chemistry* ; Acinar Cells/cytology* ; Spheroids, Cellular/cytology* ; Salivary Glands/cytology* ; Gelatin/chemistry* ; Collagen/chemistry* ; Alginates/chemistry* ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods* ; Hyaluronic Acid/chemistry* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)at"Baihui(GV 20),""Pishu(BL 20),"and"Zusanli(ST 36)"on the learning and memory functions of rats with Alzheimer's disease(AD)induced by Aβ1-42.Additionally,the mechanism of EA in treating AD was explored from the perspective of the inflammatory cascade mediated by the NF-κ B/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway.Methods A rat model of Alzheimer's disease was established by bilateral injection of Aβ1-42 solution into the C1 region of the hippocampus.According to the random number table method,32 male SPF-grade rats were divided into four groups(n=8 per group):a sham-operated group,a model group,an electroacupuncture(EA)group,and a Western medicine group(donepezil hydrochloride).The EA group received electroacupuncture at the"Baihui","Pishu",and"Zusanli"acu-points;the Western medicine group received donepezil hydrochloride via gavage.After the treatment period,Morris water maze experiments were conducted to evaluate learning and memory abilities.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to examine morphological changes in hippocampal tissues.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to measure serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β.Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to assess the co-expression levels of NF-κB p65,NLRP3,and Caspase-1 proteins in the hippocampal region.Results Compared with the sham-operated group,rats in the post-modeling group exhibited significantly prolonged escape latency(P<0.05),reduced crossings of the original platform location,and decreased time spent in the target quadrant(P<0.05).Additionally,nuclear morphology was altered,neurons surrounding the hippocampus displayed necrosis,vacuolar degeneration,and chromatin marginalization.Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were elevated(P<0.05),and protein expression levels as well as fluorescent positivity for NF-κB p65,NLRP3,and caspase-1 in the hippocampus were increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,rats in both the EA and Western medicine groups showed a trend toward shorter escape latency(P<0.05),increased crossings of the original platform location and time spent in the target quadrant(P<0.05).Cell structures were largely intact,with only a few nuclei showing slight irregularities and some chromatin accumulation at the edges.Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were reduced(P<0.05),and protein expression levels and fluorescence positivity for NF-κB p65,NLRP3,and caspase-1 in the hippocampus were also decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion EA enhances the learning and memory capabilities of AD rats,potentially by downregulating the NF-κ B/NLRP3/Caspase-1+signaling+pathway and decreasing the release of neuroinflammatory factors,thereby alleviating cognitive dysfunction in AD rats.