In this paper， the name， origin， producing area， harvesting， processing and functional indications of Arcae Concha were systematically combed and verified by consulting the ancient and modern literature， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Arcae Concha. Arcae Concha was first recorded in the name of Han in Bencao Shiyi， but later， due to the influence of LI Shizhen's error of combining Han item with Kuiha in the Ming dynasty， there were aliases such as Kuilu and Fulao， and Yizong Bidu began to include Walengzi as its correct name and has been used ever since. The textual descriptions and illustrations of the medicinal materials of Arcae Concha contained in the materia medica of the past generations were consistent with the modern Arca inflata， A. subcrenata and A. granosa. In ancient times， there were medicinal records of two parts of shell and meat， but now the shell is used as medicine， and the meat is mostly edible. In ancient times， Zhejiang， Shandong， Guangdong and Guangxi were the main producing areas， and Zhejiang was the best. It is now believed that A. inflata is mostly distributed in the northern part of the Huanghai Sea， A. granosa is mostly distributed in the coastal areas south of Shandong Peninsula in China， and A. subcrenata is widely distributed in the coastal areas of China. Its quality is better in a complete， white， no residual meat and sand. In ancient times， there was no clear harvesting period， and the processing was mainly based on vinegar quenching after calcination or powdering of calcined shell， but now the harvesting period is autumn and winter. After harvesting， it is directly washed and crushed for raw use or processed by calcined method. The records of the medicinal materials in the past dynasties on the properties of Arcae Concha were mainly warm， sweet， salty and mild， and it is now believed that Arcae Concha is salty in taste and mild in nature. In ancient times， it was believed that Arcae Concha were mainly used for coldness in the heart and abdomen， coldness in the waist and spine， benefiting the five internal organs， strengthening the stomach. Nowadays， it is believed that Arcae Concha can eliminate phlegm and remove blood stasis， soften the hardness and dissipate the lumps， produce acid and relieve pain. It can be used in the treatment of stubborn phlegm， gall tumor， scrofula and other symptoms. In conclusion， it is suggested that for the famous classical formulas containing Arcae Concha， the corresponding methods should be selected according to the processing requirements of the drug in the formulas， while those without processing requirements can be determined according to the functional position of the products.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of action of modified Shaofu Zhuyutang in antagonizing cellular pyroptosis and fibrosis in ectopic endometrial tissues of endometriosis through the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3 （TRL4/NF-κB/NLPR3） signaling pathway. MethodsSeventy-two SPF-grade female SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group （n = 12） and a modeling group （n = 60）. The rats in the sham-operated group underwent a caesarean section， while the rats in the modeling group were used to establish an endometriosis model through the auto-transplantation method. After successful modeling， the animals were randomly divided into the model group， progesterone group （0.25 mg·kg^-1）， and modified Shaofu Zhuyutang low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （7.5， 15， 30 g·kg^-1）， with 12 animals in each group. After 4 weeks of drug administration， voluntary activity and heat pain latency were observed. The rats were sacrificed for tissue collection， and Masson staining were used to observe histopathological changes in the endometrial tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure serum levels of interleukin-18 （IL-18）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the protein expression area of tumor necrosis factor-related factor 6 （TRAF6） and NLPR3 in the endometrial tissues. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to detect the relative fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D （GSDMD） in the endometrial tissues. Western blot was employed to measure the relative expression of TRL4， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）， TRAF6， NF-κB p65， phosphorylated NF-κB p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， and NLPR3 proteins in endometrial tissues. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， NF-κB， and NLPR3 in the endometrial tissues. ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group， rats in the model group showed reduced voluntary activity and shorter heat pain latency. Serum levels of IL-18， IL-1β， TNF-α， and TGF-β were elevated. The relative expression areas of TRAF6 and NLPR3 proteins were increased， and the relative fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 and GSDMD was enhanced. The relative expression of TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， NF-κB p65， p-NF-κB p65， and NLPR3 proteins， along with the expression of TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， NF-κB， and NLPR3 mRNA， were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， rats in the progesterone group and the modified Shaofu Zhuyutang medium- and high-dose groups exhibited improved voluntary activity， longer heat pain latency， the fibrosis of endometrial tissue is alleviated. Serum levels of IL-18， IL-1β， TNF-α， and TGF-β were decreased. The relative expression areas of TRAF6 and NLPR3 proteins decreased， and the relative fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 and GSDMD weakened. The relative expression of TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， p-NF-κB p65， NLPR3 proteins， and TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， NF-κB， and NLPR3 mRNA expression were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionModified Shaofu Zhuyutang may play a therapeutic role in endometriosis by interfering with key proteins in the TRL4/NF-κB/NLPR3 signaling pathway， reducing NLRP3 inflammasome-induced cellular pyroptosis， antagonizing the fibrosis process in ectopic endometrial tissues， improving the inflammatory microenvironment in the pelvic cavity， and alleviating pain.

Guided by Academician Zhang Boli's theory of "dampness， turbidity， phlegm， and fluid-related diseases"，this paper elaborated on the pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation treatment of heart failure from the perspective of the "spleen-mitochondria". It analyzed the essential similarities between "spleen-mitochondria" and "dampness， turbidity， phlegm， and fluid-related diseases"， as well as their close association with the onset of heart failure. Furthermore，it explored the connection between spleen function and mitochondrial function in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM），positing that the spleen's role in transportation and transformation is analogous to mitochondrial material metabolism and energy conversion，with spleen deficiency closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. It thus concluded that mitochondrial material metabolism and energy conversion represent the microscopic essence of the spleen's role in transportation and transformation，and mitochondrial dysfunction is a contributing factor to pathological products like dampness and turbid phlegm，which are closely associated with the occurrence of heart failure. The four elements of dampness，turbidity，phlegm，and fluid are a series of related symptoms resulting from abnormal fluid transportation and transformation，serving as both factors in the onset of heart failure and the core pathological basis for its deterioration. Therefore，during the treatment of heart failure，it is essential to regulate mitochondrial function. Early intervention should focus on eliminating dampness and turbidity to improve mitochondrial function and restore normal energy metabolism. In the middle and late stages，emphasis should be placed on resolving phlegm，promoting blood circulation，warming Yang，and reducing water retention to alleviate mitochondrial damage and improve cardiac function. Supporting Qi and strengthening the spleen should be a continuous approach，and treatment should be adjusted to enhance mitochondrial function and stabilize the condition，thereby improving prognosis. This paper discussed the role of the spleen and mitochondria in the pathogenesis of heart failure，examined the evolution of heart failure mechanisms from the perspective of dampness， turbidity， phlegm， and fluid-related diseases，and proposed a phased treatment strategy. It enriched the theory of dampness， turbidity， phlegm， and fluid-related diseases and offered new strategies for heart failure treatment. However，in practical application，TCM strategies for treating heart failure need to be integrated with modern medical approaches to provide a more solid scientific foundation for treatment.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy （DCM）， a cardiovascular complication caused by diabetes mellitus， is a major cause of heart failure and even sudden cardiac death in diabetic patients. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） posits that the core pathogenesis of DCM lies in internal deficiency and superficial excess， characterized by deficiency of both Qi and Yin combined with phlegm and blood stasis. Modern medical treatments for DCM primarily focus on blood glucose control and symptom alleviation yet lack targeted therapeutic strategies. In contrast， TCM offers a wealth of practical experience and a complete theoretical system， demonstrating definite clinical efficacy and high medication safety in DCM management. As a classic formula for tonifying Qi and nourishing Yin， Shengmaisan comprises Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Ophiopogonis Radix， and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. It contains multiple bioactive components， including ginsenosides， ophiopogonin， schisandrins， and homoisoflavonoids， which exhibit cardioprotective properties. The therapeutic mechanisms of Shengmaisan-like formulae for DCM involve enhancing myocardial contractility， attenuating myocardial fibrosis， modulating mitochondrial quality control， regulating glucose metabolism， mitigating oxidative stress， and suppressing inflammatory responses. Clinically， Shengmaisan-like formulae not only manage hyperglycemic status but also ameliorate cardiac structural and functional impairments and enhance exercise tolerance in DCM patients， playing a vital role in the prevention， treatment， and rehabilitation of DCM. This paper analyzes the feasibility of Shengmaisan-like formulae in DCM management and synthesizes current research achievements regarding their chemical components， mechanisms of action， and clinical applications， aiming to provide a scientific foundation for the use of such formulae in the treatment of DCM.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to account for the progression, metastasis, and recurrence of diverse malignancies. However, the disorganized vasculars in tumors hinder the accumulation and penetration of nanomedicines, posing a challenge in eliminating CSCs located distantly from blood vessels. Herein, a pair of twin-like small-sized nanoparticles, sunitinib (St)-loaded ROS responsive micelles (RM@St) and salinomycin (SAL)-loaded GSH responsive micelles (GM@SAL), are developed to normalize disordered tumor vessels and eradicate CSCs. RM@St releases sunitinib in response to the abundant ROS in the tumor extracellular microenvironment for tumor vessel normalization, which improved intratumor accumulation and homogeneous distribution of small-sized GM@SAL. Sequentially, GM@SAL effectively accesses CSCs and achieves reduction-responsive drug release at high GSH concentrations within CSCs. More importantly, RM@St significantly extends the window of vessel normalization and enhances vessel integrity compared to free sunitinib, thus further amplifying the anti-tumor effect of GM@SAL. The combination therapy of RM@St plus GM@SAL produces considerable depression of tumor growth, drastically reducing CSCs fractions to 5.6% and resulting in 78.4% inhibition of lung metastasis. This study offers novel insights into rational nanomedicines designed for superior therapeutic effects by vascular normalization and anti-CSCs therapy.

Safer drug use relies on the sustained vigilance and continual awareness of all individuals,and drug benefit-risk communication plays a pivotal role in facilitating this process.Foreign exploration on drug benefit-risk communication started relatively earlier.Upon scrutinizing the websites of drug regulatory authorities in the United States and Europe Union,it appears that these regions have established comprehensive communication regulation and practice systems,developed strategic plans and guidance,and communicated with healthcare professionals,patients and the public via various tools and channels,mainly including drug statutory information,new safety information,potential safety signals,etc.In China,drug benefit-risk communication is involved in the legislation,but the relevant guidelines and specific implementation rules are still lacking,and the evidence-based communication research and communication tools are relatively insufficient.We could learn from the experience of other countries,which involves enhancing regulatory implementation,establishing a communication framework,developing scientific evidence,assessing communication effectiveness,refining communication tools,and diminishing information barriers,in order to ultimately support patient and health care professionals to make informed decisions about medication.

Objective To investigate the modeling elements of various types of animal models for acute liver injury,and to provide references and suggestions to establish and evaluate animal models of acute liver injury(ALI).Methods The animal experimental literature of ALI from 2002 to 2022 was searched in the databases of the China Knowledge Network,WanFang,Chongqing Vip(VIP),Chinese Medical Journal Full Text Data(Yiigle),and PubMed.The animal species,positive control drugs,modeling method,modeling drugs,and drug administration of the animal models of ALI in the literature were summarized.The result were analyzed using Excel,SPSS Modeler 18.0,and Cytoscape 3.8.2.Results A total of 896 articles were included in the databases.The most used animal models for ALI were male KM mice.The modeling method were mainly chemical liver injury,alcoholic liver injury,drug-related liver injury,and immune liver injury.①The corresponding main modeling method were intraperitoneal injection of 10 mL/kg of 0.1％CC14 in vegetable oil at 24 h before experiments,②gavage of 12.0 mL/kg of 50.0％～56.0％ethanol at 16 h before experiments,③intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg APAP at 24 h before experiments,④tail vein injection of 20 mg/kg Con A at 8 h before experiments.Evaluation of the models was based on liver pathological indexes as the gold standard combined with biochemical indexes of serum ALT,AST,and SOD and MDA contents and activities in liver tissue homogenate as direct indicators.Conclusions Because the causes of ALI vary in clinical practice,the preparation of animal models of ALI should be based on the specific study content and characteristics,and the corresponding modeling method should be selected.

Objective:To develop the Nutrition Impact Symptom Scale for Colorectal Cancer Patients.Methods:Guided by the theory of unpleasant symptoms, the initial draft of the scale was formed through literature research, expert consultation, and small sample pre-survey. From March to May 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 127 colorectal cancer patients who visited Jiangsu Cancer Hospital as the research subject for item analysis and reliability and validity testing of the scale.Results:The final scale consisted of five dimensions and a total of 17 items. The content validity index of the scale was from 0.83 to 1.00, with an average content validity index of 0.97. Exploratory factor analysis extracted five common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 61.622%. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.708, and the coefficients for each dimension were 0.762, 0.642, 0.625, 0.510, and 0.644, respectively. The half reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.824.Conclusions:The development process of the Nutrition Impact Symptom Scale for Colorectal Cancer Patients is scientific, with good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate the nutrition impact symptom of colorectal cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)in the left posterior sylvia temporal-parietal association area on language function in patients with post-stroke conductive aphasia.Methods The post-stroke aphasia patients admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were prospectively included from June 2021 to April 2024.A self-cross randomized controlled trial was performed in this study.The patients enrolled were assessed as conductive aphasia by Western aphasia test kit diagnostic criteria.Twelve patients with post-stroke conductive aphasia were completely randomly divided into group A(treatment sequence:stage A—washout period—stage B)and group B(treatment sequence:stage B—washout period—stage A),with 6 cases in each group.Stage A performed true tDCS therapy combined with speech and language training,and stage B performed sham tDCS therapy combined with speech and language training.During washout period,only speech and language training was performed,and each stage was trained for 5 days.The tDCS anode is the stimulation electrode and is placed at the stimulation target.The cathode is the reference electrode and is placed on the right shoulder.The intensity of tDCS was 1.4 mA,the true stimulation was 20 min/time,and the sham stimulation stopped automatically after only 30 s/time,both twice/d,and a total of 10 times treatment were performed.Speech and language training was performed 30 min/time,2 times/d,a total of 10 times treatment.The function of rehearsal and picture naming(training item and non-training item)were examined before and after treatment of stage A and B immediately,and the difference of function scores of rehearsal and picture naming(training item and non-training item)before and after treatment of stage A and B were compared.Results(1)There were no significant differences in gender,age,course of disease and educational level between group A and group B(all P＞0.05).(2)Before and after washout period,there were no statistical significance in functional scores of rehearsal and picture naming(training items and non-training items)in both group A and group B(all P＞0.05).(3)There were no significant differences in functional scores of rehearsal and picture naming(training items and non-training items)between group A and group B before and after washout treatment(all P＞0.05).(4)Compared with the difference before and after treatment of stage B,the function scores difference before and after treatment of stage A in rehearsal function,picture naming(training item)and picture naming(non-training item)were higher([6.9±1.4]scores vs.[2.2±1.0]scores,t=9.604;[6.2±1.2]scores vs.[1.8±1.1]scores,t=9.277;[6.5±1.0]scores vs.[1.5±1.0]scores,t=12.247;all P＜0.01).Conclusions Preliminary analysis suggested that tDCS intervention in the brain tissue of the temporoparietal association area of the left posterior lateral cleft may help improve the rehearsal and picture naming(training and non-training items)ability in conductive aphasia patients after stroke.The sample size of this study is small,and the results need to be further explored.