In this paper， the name， origin， producing area， harvesting， processing and functional indications of Arcae Concha were systematically combed and verified by consulting the ancient and modern literature， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Arcae Concha. Arcae Concha was first recorded in the name of Han in Bencao Shiyi， but later， due to the influence of LI Shizhen's error of combining Han item with Kuiha in the Ming dynasty， there were aliases such as Kuilu and Fulao， and Yizong Bidu began to include Walengzi as its correct name and has been used ever since. The textual descriptions and illustrations of the medicinal materials of Arcae Concha contained in the materia medica of the past generations were consistent with the modern Arca inflata， A. subcrenata and A. granosa. In ancient times， there were medicinal records of two parts of shell and meat， but now the shell is used as medicine， and the meat is mostly edible. In ancient times， Zhejiang， Shandong， Guangdong and Guangxi were the main producing areas， and Zhejiang was the best. It is now believed that A. inflata is mostly distributed in the northern part of the Huanghai Sea， A. granosa is mostly distributed in the coastal areas south of Shandong Peninsula in China， and A. subcrenata is widely distributed in the coastal areas of China. Its quality is better in a complete， white， no residual meat and sand. In ancient times， there was no clear harvesting period， and the processing was mainly based on vinegar quenching after calcination or powdering of calcined shell， but now the harvesting period is autumn and winter. After harvesting， it is directly washed and crushed for raw use or processed by calcined method. The records of the medicinal materials in the past dynasties on the properties of Arcae Concha were mainly warm， sweet， salty and mild， and it is now believed that Arcae Concha is salty in taste and mild in nature. In ancient times， it was believed that Arcae Concha were mainly used for coldness in the heart and abdomen， coldness in the waist and spine， benefiting the five internal organs， strengthening the stomach. Nowadays， it is believed that Arcae Concha can eliminate phlegm and remove blood stasis， soften the hardness and dissipate the lumps， produce acid and relieve pain. It can be used in the treatment of stubborn phlegm， gall tumor， scrofula and other symptoms. In conclusion， it is suggested that for the famous classical formulas containing Arcae Concha， the corresponding methods should be selected according to the processing requirements of the drug in the formulas， while those without processing requirements can be determined according to the functional position of the products.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of action of modified Shaofu Zhuyutang in antagonizing cellular pyroptosis and fibrosis in ectopic endometrial tissues of endometriosis through the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3 （TRL4/NF-κB/NLPR3） signaling pathway. MethodsSeventy-two SPF-grade female SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group （n = 12） and a modeling group （n = 60）. The rats in the sham-operated group underwent a caesarean section， while the rats in the modeling group were used to establish an endometriosis model through the auto-transplantation method. After successful modeling， the animals were randomly divided into the model group， progesterone group （0.25 mg·kg^-1）， and modified Shaofu Zhuyutang low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （7.5， 15， 30 g·kg^-1）， with 12 animals in each group. After 4 weeks of drug administration， voluntary activity and heat pain latency were observed. The rats were sacrificed for tissue collection， and Masson staining were used to observe histopathological changes in the endometrial tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure serum levels of interleukin-18 （IL-18）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the protein expression area of tumor necrosis factor-related factor 6 （TRAF6） and NLPR3 in the endometrial tissues. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to detect the relative fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 and gasdermin D （GSDMD） in the endometrial tissues. Western blot was employed to measure the relative expression of TRL4， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）， TRAF6， NF-κB p65， phosphorylated NF-κB p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， and NLPR3 proteins in endometrial tissues. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， NF-κB， and NLPR3 in the endometrial tissues. ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group， rats in the model group showed reduced voluntary activity and shorter heat pain latency. Serum levels of IL-18， IL-1β， TNF-α， and TGF-β were elevated. The relative expression areas of TRAF6 and NLPR3 proteins were increased， and the relative fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 and GSDMD was enhanced. The relative expression of TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， NF-κB p65， p-NF-κB p65， and NLPR3 proteins， along with the expression of TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， NF-κB， and NLPR3 mRNA， were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， rats in the progesterone group and the modified Shaofu Zhuyutang medium- and high-dose groups exhibited improved voluntary activity， longer heat pain latency， the fibrosis of endometrial tissue is alleviated. Serum levels of IL-18， IL-1β， TNF-α， and TGF-β were decreased. The relative expression areas of TRAF6 and NLPR3 proteins decreased， and the relative fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 and GSDMD weakened. The relative expression of TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， p-NF-κB p65， NLPR3 proteins， and TRL4， MyD88， TRAF6， NF-κB， and NLPR3 mRNA expression were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionModified Shaofu Zhuyutang may play a therapeutic role in endometriosis by interfering with key proteins in the TRL4/NF-κB/NLPR3 signaling pathway， reducing NLRP3 inflammasome-induced cellular pyroptosis， antagonizing the fibrosis process in ectopic endometrial tissues， improving the inflammatory microenvironment in the pelvic cavity， and alleviating pain.

Objective To compare the differences in clinical features and treatment choices between periph-eral spondyloarthritis(pSpA)and axial spondyloarthritis(axSpA),and better understand the clinical charac-teristics and medication needs of pSpA.Methods Our study is a retrospective cohort study.The patients who first visited the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2016 and December 2022 and were diagnosed with axSpA or pSpA according to the classification criteria established by the Assess-ment of SpondyloArthritis International Society were selected as the study subjects.Demographic data,clinical characteristics,laboratory tests,and treatment information of these patients were obtained through the electronic medical records management system and the intelligent management system for spondyloarthritis.The research compared the distribution of swollen and tender joints between pSpA and axSpA patients,as well as that between pSpA1(excluding patients with psoriatic arthritis)and axSpA patients.Additionally,we analyzed differences in clinical features and treatment options among these groups.Results A total of 1639 pa-tients were included in the study,of which 184 had pSpA(including 97 with psoriatic arthritis),and 1455 had axSpA.Compared to axSpA patients,pSpA patients had fewer male patients(62.5％vs.79.7％,P＜0.001),later onset age(33.8 years vs.22.0 years,P＜0.001),shorter diagnostic delays(6.0 months vs.14.2 months,P=0.004),more associated peripheral arthritis(71.7％vs.9.3％,P＜0.001)and dac-tylitis(6.5％vs.0.3％,P＜0.001),more cases of psoriasis(52.7％vs.1.1％,P＜0.001)and a more common family history of psoriasis(11.4％vs.3.4％,P＜0.001).pSpA patients had higher levels of in-flammatory markers but a lower positive rate of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B27(43.5％vs.87.4％,P＜0.001).A positive HLA-B27 was associated with an earlier onset age,fewer cases of psoriasis,and a fami-ly history of ankylosing spondylitis.pSpA patients had a higher proportion of using conventional synthetic dis-ease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(csDMARDs),biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(bDMARDs),and oral glucocorticoids,and they also more frequently used a combination of bDMARDs and csDMARDs(19.0％vs.12.2％,P=0.009)or multiple csDMARDs(65.8％vs.12.5％,P＜0.001).Compared to axSpA patients,pSpA1 patients(excluding psoriatic arthritis)did not show significant differences in the prevalence of psoriasis,uveitis,family history of psoriasis,or the use of bDMARDs,but the subgroup analysis of other variables was consistent with the results of pSpA patients.Conclusions pSpA patients tend to have a later onset of disease,a lower proportion of male and HLA-B27 positivity,more associ-ated peripheral arthritis,dactylitis,psoriasis,and a more common family history of psoriasis.The disease bur-den in terms of treatment for pSpA is not lower than that for axSpA.Due to the presence of more peripheral symptoms,psoriasis,and higher levels of inflammation,they also require more medication.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of first polar body transfer (PB1T) combined with preimplantation mitochondrial genetic testing for blocking the transmission of a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA 8993T>G mutation. METHODS: A Chinese family affected with Leigh syndrome which had attended the Reproductive Medicine Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in September 2021 was selected as the study subject. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was carried out for the proband after completing the detection of the mitochondrial DNA 8993T>G mutation load among the pedigree members. Mature MII oocytes were inseminated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cultured in vitro for 5 to 6 days to the blastocyst stage, and trophoblastocytes were obtained by microbiopsy. Mitochondrial DNA testing (PGT-MT) and chromosomal aneuploidy (PGT-A) analyses were carried out after whole-genome amplification, and the embryos with zero mutation load were selected for transfer. Amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood samples were collected during middle pregnancy and after birth respectively for mitochondrial DNA testing to verify the reliability of embryo screening. As an attempt, PB1 with good morphology of MII oocytes was selected for transfer into the enucleated oocytoplasm from healthy donors, followed by ICSI fertilization, blastocyst culture and PGT of embryos using the same procedure. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (No. 2021zhyx-B12). RESULTS: An antagonist protocol was used for ovarian stimulation, and a total of 19 oocytes were obtained, of which 14 MII were fertilized by ICSI, and 2 had developed into blastocysts. PGT-MT was carried out on biopsied trophoblastocytes, in which the mitochondrial DNA 8993T>G mutation load was not detected in one embryo, the other was 100% mutated, and the mutation loads of the remaining unfertilized eggs and developmentally arrested embryos ranged from 0% ~ 100%, presenting a clear biased distribution. With fully informed consent, one PGT-MT zero mutation load blastocyst was transferred and clinical pregnancy was achieved. Mitochondrial DNA and chromosomal testing of amniotic fluid cells during middle pregnancy had revealed no abnormalities. The proband had delivered a healthy boy through Caesarean section at 39⁺⁵ weeks of gestation, and no mutation was detected in the cord blood sample. Five well-formed PBs from 14 eggs were selected for PB1 transfer, followed by ICSI and culture, and two of the reconstituted embryos had formed blastocysts, with none of the above mutations detected in the biopsied samples. CONCLUSION The PGT-MT technology can help families affected with mitochondrial diseases to have healthy offspring. PB1 transfer in combination with ICSI and PGT-MT holds the promise of turning waste into treasure and providing an alternative means of fertility for such families.
Humans ; Preimplantation Diagnosis/methods* ; Female ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics* ; Genetic Testing/methods* ; Pregnancy ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics* ; Polar Bodies ; Adult ; Feasibility Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/methods* ; Embryo Transfer/methods* ; Mutation ; Male ; Blastocyst/metabolism* ; Pedigree

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum interleukin-17A(IL-17A),pentraxin-3(PTX3)and serum amyloid A(SAA)expression in Kawasaki disease(KD)children for non-response to in-travenous immunoglobulin(IVIG).Methods A total of 120 KD children who received IVIG treatment in the hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected as the research objects.According to the response to IVIG treatment,they were divided into the sensitive group(n=90)and the non-response group(n=30).The clinical data of all children were collected.The predictive value of serum IL-17A,PTX3 and SAA expres-sion alone and in combination for non-response to IVIG treatment were explored by receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)curve.The influencing factors of non-response to IVIG treatment in KD children were explored by multivariate Logistic regression.Results The levels of serum IL-17A,PTX3 and SAA in the non-response group were higher than those in the sensitive group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum IL-17A,PTX3 and SAA levels and their combined detection for predicting non-response to IVIG treatment were 0.704(95％CI:0.659-0.749),0.769(95％CI:0.719-0.819),0.813(95％CI:0.768-0.863),and 0.922(95％CI:0.877-0.967),respectively.The AUC of the combined detection of the three was larger than those of the individual detection of serum IL-17A,PTX3 and SAA(Zcombination-IL-17A=8.465,P＜0.001,Zcombination-PTX3=12.791,P＜0.001,Zcombination-SAA=9.984,P＜0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in age,body mass index(BMI),gender,KD type,fever duration before initial IVIG treatment,time from onset to ini-tial treatment,conjunctival congestion,changes in fingers and toes,rash,lymph node enlargement,platelet(PLT)count,hemoglobin(Hb)between the two groups(P＞0.05).The white blood cell(WBC)count,neu-trophil count(NEU),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the non-re-sponse group were higher than those in the sensitive group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analy-sis showed that serum IL-17A(OR=2.555,95％CI:1.529-4.270),serum PTX3(OR=3.473,95％CI:1.940-6.216),and serum SAA(OR=3.022,95％CI:1.823-5.011)were the risk factors of non-response to IVIG treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combined detection of serum IL-17A,PTX3 and SAA levels can be used as important biological markers for predicting non-response to IVIG in KD children,providing a theoretical basis for early identification of high-risk children.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum nidogen-2 (NID-2) and thoracic aortic calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and construct a risk prediction model based on NID-2 to evaluate its value in predicting the risk of the severe thoracic aortic calcification and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in CKD patients.Methods:It was a prospective cohort study. Patients with CKD at stage 3 to 5D in the Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled. Syngo.via software was used to evaluate the volume of thoracic aortic calcification, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the level of serum NID-2. According to the volume of thoracic aortic calcification, the patients were divided into three groups: no calcification group, mild calcification group and severe calcification group. The top 25% of the patients were defined as no or mild calcification group, and the latter 75% were defined as severe calcification group. The follow-up period was one year. During the follow-up period, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, as well as all-cause death among the enrolled patients were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of thoracic aortic calcification. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), calibration curve, and decision curve were employed to evaluate the discrimination, calibration and clinical practicality of the nomogram model.Results:A total of 132 patients were included, with 91 males (68.94%) and age of (56.51±16.37) years. There were 60 CKD 3-5 stage patients (non-dialysis, 45.45%) and 72 CKD 5D patients (dialysis, 54.55%). Serum ND-2 levels differed significantly among healthy individuals, dialysis patients and non-dialysis patients ( H=70.651, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in serum NID-2 level between the no or mild calcification group and the severe calcification group in dialysis patients ( Z=350.00, P=0.426). The serum NID-2 level in the severe calcification group was significantly higher than that in the no or mild calcification group in non-dialysis patients ( Z=242.00, P=0.019). In non-dialysis patients, there was a statistically significant correlation between serum NID-2 level and volume of thoracic aortic calcification ( r=0.40, P<0.001). In dialysis patients, there was no statistically significant correlation between serum NID-2 level and volume of each segment of thoracic aortic calcification (all P>0.05). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that, age, hemoglobin, serum albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, NID-2, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction were correlated factors of thoracic aortic calcification in non-dialysis patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.50, P=0.010) was an independent correlated factor of thoracic aortic calcification in non-dialysis patients. The above related variables of univariate logistic regression analysis were incorporated into a nomogram to construct a predictive model for severe vascular calcification in non-dialysis patients, yielding an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.99) in ROC curve, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 95%. A nomogram model based on above variables for predicting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in non-dialysis patients demonstrated an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI 0.90-1.00) in ROC curve, with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 87%. Conclusions:In non-dialysis patients, serum NID-2 level in the severe calcification group is significantly higher than that in the no or mild calcification group. The serum NID-2 is a related factor of thoracic aortic calcification and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in non-dialysis patients. The nomogram prediction model constructed by combining NID-2 with age, hemoglobin, serum albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction has a high predictive value for the risk of thoracic aortic calcification as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in non-dialysis patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the level of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA) in the uterine fluid and the thickness of endometrium in infertile women with chronic endometritis.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to select 122 patients who underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial tissue biopsy at Assisted Reproduction Center, Taiyuan Central Hospital due to infertility from March 2023 to January 2024 as the study subjects. According to the results of hysteroscopy and endometrial tissue biopsy, the patients were divided into 52 cases in the infertility group with normal endometrium (NE infertility group) and the chronic endometritis combined with infertility group (CE infertility group) with 70 cases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid of the two groups. General clinical data, AT1-AA absorbance value of uterine fluid and uterine related indexes of the two groups were analyzed, and the correlations between AT1-AA level and the variation of indexes were analyzed.Results:Gravidity (median: 1 vs 1; Z=7.029, P=0.030) and parity (median: 0 vs 0; Z=12.258, P=0.002) in CE infertility group were higher than those in NE infertility group. There was AT1-AA in the uterine fluid, and the level of AT1-AA in CE infertility group was significantly higher than that in NE infertility group (median: 2.07 vs 1.44; Z=3.099, P=0.029). The endometrial thickness of CE infertility group was lower than that of NE infertility group (median: 6.0 vs 7.0 mm; Z=-2.179, P=0.029), and there were no statistical differences in other indexes between the two groups (all P>0.05). Further correlation analysis showed that there were no correlation between the level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid and parity, endometrial thickness, gravidity in NE infertility group (all P>0.05). However, the level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid of CE infertility group was positively correlated with parity (Spearman′s r=0.339, P=0.004), and negatively correlated with endometrial thickness (Spearman′s r=-0.499, P<0.001), but not correlated with gravidity ( P>0.05). Conclusions:AT1-AA is present in the uterine fluid of infertile women. The elevated level of AT1-AA in uterine fluid of infertile women with CE is related to the thinning of the endometrium.

Objective:To analyze clinical indicators and imaging data of hospitalized pneumonia patients and develop prediction models for length of hospital stay based on CT radiomics features and clinical indicators.Methods:Patients admitted to the First Clinical School of Hainan Medical University for pneumonia treatment between November 2020 and May 2024 were enrolled. Clinical data and CT imaging were collected, and radiomics features were extracted. Patients were divided into three groups based on the length of stay (<8 d, 8-28 d,>28 d, and poor prognosis). Three prediction models were constructed using logistic regression (LR): clinical features model, imaging features model and a combined clinical and imaging features model. The predictive performance of three models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and DeLong test, followed by feature analysis. The Kappa test was used to compare the consistency of the overall classification.Results:A total of 343 subjects were included, with an average age of 61.46±20.98 years. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the combined model in different hospitalization duration classifications (<8 d, 8-28 d,>28 d, and poor prognosis) were 0.73, 0.65 and 0.78 in the training set, and 0.71, 0.65 and 0.76 in the validation set, respectively. The AUC values of the clinical feature model in different hospitalization duration classifications were 0.63, 0.64 and 0.73 in the training set, and 0.60, 0.52 and 0.63 in the validation set, respectively. The AUC values of the imaging feature model in different hospitalization duration classifications (<8 d, 8-28 d,>28 d, and poor prognosis) were 0.67, 0.66 and 0.73 in the training set, and 0.68, 0.54 and 0.66 in the validation set, respectively. The DeLong test results showed that the combined model outperformed other models in hospitalization duration classification (validation set AUC, all P<0.05, Bonferroni correction). Kappa test results showed that the combined model achieved the highest consistency between predicted classifications and actual hospitalization classifications ( K=0.615). Shape features, texture features and clinical features all contributed proportionally to the combined model. Conclusion:The combined model integrating radiomics features with clinical indicators can significantly enhance the predictive efficacy for the length of hospitalization in pneumonia patients.

Objective:To assess the feasibility of first polar body transfer (PB1T) combined with preimplantation mitochondrial genetic testing for blocking the transmission of a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA 8993T>G mutation.Methods:A Chinese family affected with Leigh syndrome which had attended the Reproductive Medicine Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in September 2021 was selected as the study subject. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was carried out for the proband after completing the detection of the mitochondrial DNA 8993T>G mutation load among the pedigree members. Mature MII oocytes were inseminated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cultured in vitro for 5 to 6 days to the blastocyst stage, and trophoblastocytes were obtained by microbiopsy. Mitochondrial DNA testing (PGT-MT) and chromosomal aneuploidy (PGT-A) analyses were carried out after whole-genome amplification, and the embryos with zero mutation load were selected for transfer. Amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood samples were collected during middle pregnancy and after birth respectively for mitochondrial DNA testing to verify the reliability of embryo screening. As an attempt, PB1 with good morphology of MⅡ oocytes was selected for transfer into the enucleated oocytoplasm from healthy donors, followed by ICSI fertilization, blastocyst culture and PGT of embryos using the same procedure. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (No. 2021zhyx-B12). Results:An antagonist protocol was used for ovarian stimulation, and a total of 19 oocytes were obtained, of which 14 MⅡ were fertilized by ICSI, and 2 had developed into blastocysts. PGT-MT was carried out on biopsied trophoblastocytes, in which the mitochondrial DNA 8993T>G mutation load was not detected in one embryo, the other was 100% mutated, and the mutation loads of the remaining unfertilized eggs and developmentally arrested embryos ranged from 0% ~ 100%, presenting a clear biased distribution. With fully informed consent, one PGT-MT zero mutation load blastocyst was transferred and clinical pregnancy was achieved. Mitochondrial DNA and chromosomal testing of amniotic fluid cells during middle pregnancy had revealed no abnormalities. The proband had delivered a healthy boy through Caesarean section at 39+ 5 weeks of gestation, and no mutation was detected in the cord blood sample. Five well-formed PBs from 14 eggs were selected for PB1 transfer, followed by ICSI and culture, and two of the reconstituted embryos had formed blastocysts, with none of the above mutations detected in the biopsied samples.Conclusion:The PGT-MT technology can help families affected with mitochondrial diseases to have healthy offspring. PB1 transfer in combination with ICSI and PGT-MT holds the promise of turning waste into treasure and providing an alternative means of fertility for such families.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy （DCM）， a cardiovascular complication caused by diabetes mellitus， is a major cause of heart failure and even sudden cardiac death in diabetic patients. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） posits that the core pathogenesis of DCM lies in internal deficiency and superficial excess， characterized by deficiency of both Qi and Yin combined with phlegm and blood stasis. Modern medical treatments for DCM primarily focus on blood glucose control and symptom alleviation yet lack targeted therapeutic strategies. In contrast， TCM offers a wealth of practical experience and a complete theoretical system， demonstrating definite clinical efficacy and high medication safety in DCM management. As a classic formula for tonifying Qi and nourishing Yin， Shengmaisan comprises Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Ophiopogonis Radix， and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. It contains multiple bioactive components， including ginsenosides， ophiopogonin， schisandrins， and homoisoflavonoids， which exhibit cardioprotective properties. The therapeutic mechanisms of Shengmaisan-like formulae for DCM involve enhancing myocardial contractility， attenuating myocardial fibrosis， modulating mitochondrial quality control， regulating glucose metabolism， mitigating oxidative stress， and suppressing inflammatory responses. Clinically， Shengmaisan-like formulae not only manage hyperglycemic status but also ameliorate cardiac structural and functional impairments and enhance exercise tolerance in DCM patients， playing a vital role in the prevention， treatment， and rehabilitation of DCM. This paper analyzes the feasibility of Shengmaisan-like formulae in DCM management and synthesizes current research achievements regarding their chemical components， mechanisms of action， and clinical applications， aiming to provide a scientific foundation for the use of such formulae in the treatment of DCM.