AIM:To investigate the current status and influencing factors of knowledge-attitude-practice in myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents in Ningbo City, thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention strategies.METHODS: Children and adolescents aged 6-12 years old were selected from the medical-school collaborative myopia prevention network in Ningbo City between August 2024 and May 2025 using stratified cluster sampling. Information on myopia prevention knowledge(15 items)and practice(9 items)was collected through questionnaire surveys. Logistic regression models were used to analyze factors influencing myopia occurrence in children and adolescents.RESULTS: A total of 664 children and adolescents aged 6-12 years were enrolled in this study. Participants were divided by age into three groups: 6-7 years old(n=221), 8-9 years old(n=221), and 10-12 years old(n=222). Of the 664 questionnaires distributed, 637 valid questionnaires were returned(201 from the 6-7 age group, 235 from the 8-9 age group, and 201 from the 10-12 age group), yielding an effective response rate of 95.9%. Based on myopia screening results, the non-myopic group comprised 203 participants(31.9%), including 100 males and 103 females, with a mean age of 8.82±1.98 years old. The myopic group comprised 434 participants(68.1%), including 213 males and 221 females, with a mean age of 9.10±1.95 years old. The myopia prevalence rates in the 6-7, 8-9, and 10-12 age groups were 37.8%(76/201), 71.9%(169/235), and 94.0%(189/201), respectively(P<0.001). Regarding the knowledge and practice of myopia prevention, the overall awareness rate in the non-myopic group(59.7%±9.7%)was significantly higher than that in the myopic group(48.7%±8.5%; P<0.001). Additionally, the non-myopic group scored higher on the key practice of “regular eye examinations”(4.27±0.96)compared to the myopic group(4.10±1.05; P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age was the primary risk factor for myopia occurrence.CONCLUSION: Age is the dominant factor in the onset of myopia, and there is a phenomenon of “knowledge-practice gap”; the traditional health education model has limitations, and a precise prevention and control system based on developmental patterns should be established.

Gorham-Stout disease(GSD) is a rare osteolytic disorder characterized by spontaneous and progressive osteolysis, along with abnormal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, with no new bone formation. We present a case of a 15-year-old female admitted due to " recurrent right leg pain for 5 years, 11 months after undergoing right femoral fracture surgery". Through comprehensive integration of the patient's clinical phenotype, laboratory tests, imaging findings, pathological examinations, and molecular biological test results, GSD was considered highly likely. A multidisciplinary treatment approach was conducted, including a combination of zoledronic acid and sirolimus to inhibit osteolysis, along with rehabilitation training and orthopedic intervention, providing a personalized and comprehensive treatment strategy.

This case report presents a 16-year-old male patient with deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2(DADA2). The patient had a history of Raynaud′s phenomenon with digital ulcers since childhood. As the disease progressed, the patient developed retinal vasculitis, intracranial hemorrhage, skin necrosis, severe malnutrition, refractory hypertension, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Genetic testing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the ADA2 gene (paternal c.1072G > A pathogenic mutation + maternal c.1065C > A variant of unknown clinical significance). ADA2 enzyme activity was significantly reduced (0.1 U/L). A multidisciplinary treatment team developed an individualized plan to address key issues, including nutritional support, blood pressure control, rehabilitation, pain management, and balancing anticoagulation/bleeding risks. After systematic intervention, the patient′s condition showed partial improvement. This case reveals clinical challenges such as anticoagulation decisions and nutritional support of DADA2. It also emphasizes the importance of early molecular diagnosis, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor targeted therapy, and multidisciplinary collaboration in management, underlining the core value of precision medicine in rare disease management.

OBJECTIVES: Mobile phone dependence has become increasingly prominent among university students, posing significant risks to their social functioning and mental health. Previous studies suggest that perfectionistic personality traits may be key psychological predictors of mobile phone dependence, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to identify core symptoms of mobile phone dependence among university students and to examine the pattern of associations between different dimensions of perfectionism and mobile phone dependence. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 1404 university students nationwide. The Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ) and the Forst Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) were used to assess mobile phone use and perfectionism traits. The EBIC-GLASSO network model was constructed to analyze the network structure linking perfectionism and mobile phone dependence. RESULTS: A total of 56.48% of university students in the sample met the criteria for mobile phone dependence. The total FMPS score was positively correlated with the total MPIQ score (r=0.47, P<0.001). Results of multiple linear regression controlling for demographic variables showed that dimensions of FMPS score significantly predicted MPIQ score (all P<0.05). Network analysis revealed that the central dimension in perfectionism is "organization" (expected influence=2.69) and the core symptom of mobile phone dependence was "I lose track of how much I am using my smartphone" (expected influence= 0.78). Bridge centrality analysis identified "organization" as a key bridging factor linking perfectionism and mobile phone dependence (bridge strength=1.96). Among the symptom-to-symptom connections, "parental expectations" showed the strongest positive association with "arguments have arisen with others because of my mobile phone use" (partial correlation coefficient=0.15), serving as a risk factor. In contrast, "organization" was most strongly negatively associated with the same symptom (partial correlation coefficient=-0.13), serving as a protective factor, suggesting a protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Mobile phone dependence is common among college students and is primarily characterized by a lack of self-control in phone use. Although perfectionism is generally positively associated with mobile phone dependence, its internal dimensions appear to exert a dual effect. Specifically, "parental expectations" and "doubt over actions" may increase the risk of mobile phone dependence, whereas "organization" serves as a protective factor, particularly against interpersonal conflicts related to phone dependency.
Humans ; Perfectionism ; Students/psychology* ; Cell Phone ; Universities ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Female ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; China ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Personality

Viruses constitute a significant group of pathogens that have caused numerous fatalities and substantial economic losses in recent years, particularly with the emergence of coronaviruses. While the impact of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be diminishing in daily life, only a limited number of drugs have received approval or emergency use authorization for its treatment. Given the high mutation rate of viral genomes, host-directed agents (HDAs) have emerged as a preferred choice due to their broad applicability and lasting effectiveness. In contrast to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), HDAs offer several advantages, including broad-spectrum antiviral activities, potential efficacy against future emerging viruses, and a lower likelihood of inducing drug resistance. In our review article, we have synthesized known host-directed antiviral targets that span diverse cellular pathways and mechanisms, shedding light on the intricate interplay between host cells and viruses. Additionally, we have provided a brief overview of the development of HDAs based on these targets. We aim for this comprehensive analysis to offer valuable perspectives and insights that can guide future antiviral research and drug development efforts.

Incomplete Miller-Fisher syndrome （MFS） mediated by GT1a antibody often has atypical clinical manifestations and a high misdiagnosis rate. This article reports the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with incomplete MFS mediated by GT1a antibody and discussed clinical manifestations， pathogenesis， and treatment regimens with reference to the relevant literature， so as to improve the understanding of this disease.

Objective: To analyze the status and trends of the disease burden of periodontal disease among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a reference for the development of periodontal disease prevention and control strategies for women of reproductive age. Methods: Using the global burden of disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2021, this study investigated the periodontal disease burden among women of reproductive age, including prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), DALY rates, and their corresponding standardized indicators. Joinpoint 5.2.0.0 software was used for time trend analysis of DALYs, age-specific DALY rates, and annual average percentage change (AAPC) values. A log-linear regression model was used to test trends for DALYs and DALY rates. Results: Compared with 1990, the prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease among Chinese women in 2021 increased by 45.67% (per 100,000 people) and 29.29% (per 100,000 people), respectively. The distribution of periodontal disease among women (15-49 years) showed a continuous and rapid upward trend, with the growth rate increasing rapidly with age. The number of cases increased the fastest in the 45-49 age group, and the prevalence increased the fastest in the 35-44 age group. The incidence of periodontal disease continued to rise with age, with the fastest increase in the 35-44 age group among women of reproductive age. The Joinpoint regression model results showed that periodontal disease led to an expanding trend in the disease burden among women of reproductive age in China, with an AAPC of DALYs = 1.20% and an AAPC of DALY rate = 1.25% (P<0.001). Conclusion The periodontal disease burden among Chinese women aged 15-49 years showed a gradually increasing trend from 1990 to 2021.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Xielitang on dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）-induced ulcerative colitis （UC） mice and its possible mechanism. MethodsDSS was used to establish UC model. Sixty mice were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a sulfasalazine group （0.6 g·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose Xielitang groups （1.67， 3.34， 6.68 g·kg^-1）. After treatment for 42 d， the colon length was recorded， and the disease activity index （DAI） score was calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes of colon. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of farnesoid X receptor （FXR）， small heterodimer partner （SHP）， liver receptor homolog-1 （LRH-1）， cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase （CYP7A1）， and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 （FGFR4） in liver and FXR， sodium-dependent bile acid transporter （ASBT）， and fibroblast growth factor 15 （FGF15） in ileum. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the intestinal flora. Moreover， ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the bile acid content. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly decreased colon length， IL-10 content， α-diversity index， abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus， and content of deoxycholic acid （DCA） and lithocholic acid （LCA） （P<0.01）， significantly increased DAI score， IL-6 and TNF-α content， abundance of Bacteroidetes， and the content of cholic acid （CA）， chenodeoxycholic acid （CDCA）， and taurocholic acid （TCA） （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly down-regulated protein expression of FXR， SHP， and FGFR4 in liver and FXR， ASBT， and FGF15 in ileum （P<0.01）， and significantly up-regulated protein expression of LRH-1 and CYP7A1 in liver （P<0.01）. In addition， the structure of colonic mucosa was destroyed， and inflammatory cells infiltrated in the model group. Compared with the model group， Xielitang could significantly increase the colon length， IL-10 content， α-diversity index， the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus， and DCA and LCA content （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decrease DAI score， abundance of Bacteroidetes， and the content of IL-6， TNF-α， CA， CDCA， and TCA （P<0.01）， up-regulate the protein expression of FXR， SHP， and FGFR4 in liver and FXR， ASBT， and FGF15 in ileum （P<0.01）， and down-regulate the protein expression of LRH-1 and CYP7A1 in liver （P<0.01）. The pathological damage of colonic mucosa was obviously alleviated. ConclusionXielitang protects against UC probably by regulating the "intestinal microbiota-bile acid" axis， regulating intestinal flora imbalance， and maintaining bile acid homeostasis.

Objective To construct CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor natural killer(CAR-NK)cells armored with interleukin15(IL15)or IL15 receptor-linker(RLI)and preliminarily validate their proliferative capacity and anti-tumor activity in vitro.Methods Natural killer cells(NK92 and NK92MI)from patients with human malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma were cultured,and CD19-targeted CAR-NK cells armored with IL15 or RLI were prepared using retroviral vector particles.IL15 secretion was measured by ELISA,and proliferative capacity was assessed via CFSE dilution assays.Human B-lymphocytic leukemia cells(Nalm6-GFP-Luc)and human colon cancer cells overexpressing CD19(hCD19-SW620-GFP-Luc)were cultured,with surface CD19 expression confirmed(>99%positivity for both).Anti-tumor activity was evaluated by measuring cytotoxicity at effector-to-target(E:T)ratios using luciferase-based assays(4/12 h),detecting surface CD107a expression via flow cytometry,and quantifying cytokine release using CBA assays.Results NK92/NK92MI-CD19 CAR cells armored with IL15 or RLI were successfully generated.IL15 secretion was significantly higher in armored groups versus non-armored controls(P<0.01).Without IL-2 stimulation,IL15/RLI enhanced CAR-NK proliferation(P<0.05).Both armored designs significantly increased tumor-killing efficiency(P<0.05)and CD107a degranulation.IL15/RLI-armored NK92-CD19 CAR cells exhibited elevated release of IL2,IL10,IL6,TNF-α,sFas,IFN-γ,and Granulysin(P<0.05),while armored NK92MI-CD19 CAR cells showed additional increases in Granzyme A,Granzyme B,and Perforin(P<0.05).Conclusion IL15/RLI-armored NK92/NK92MI-CD19 CAR cells demonstrate potent anti-tumor activity,supporting their combined clinical therapeutic potential for tumors.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans and animals. Mtb invades the host′s lungs via airborne transmission, infects macrophages and causes tuberculosis. In some cases, the infection can spread to other tissues and organs. Despite the availability of several drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, the emergence of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis has led to high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for researchers to develop new anti-tuberculosis drugs that can treat tuberculosis more efficiently. Recent studies have shown that the virulence factors of Mtb play a crucial role in its pathogenicity. These factors primarily include secreted proteins, transcription factors, proteases, stress response proteins, metabolism-associated proteins, and cell-surface components. By evading the host′s immune surveillance through mechanisms such as anti-oxidative stress, regulating nutrient synthesis and metabolism, and modulating host cells apoptosis, Mtb is able to achieve long-term survival and spread with in the host. Understanding the mechanisms of Mtb virulence factors can provide new directions for targeted tuberculosis therapy. Therefore, knowledge of these virulence factors is essential for the development of new vaccines and anti-tuberculosis drugs. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress in the virulence factors of Mtb to provide a reference for targeted treatment of tuberculosis.