ObjectiveTo delineate imaging findings using an imaging platform and investigate the correlation between MRI characteristics of spinal cord atrophy and clinical diagnosis in children with spinal cord injury (SCI). MethodsImaging data of 150 children with SCI admitted to Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, from January, 2002 to March, 2024 were collected and imported into the imaging platform. The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the middle part of the spinal cord at the cross-section with the most severe atrophy were measured, and the relevant indicators of the previous normal spinal cord segment were measured as controls; the radiomic features were extracted. Clinical data of the children including gender, age, cause of injury, sensory level, motor level, spinal cord injury level, injury severity and disease course were collected. ResultsSpinal cord atrophy was identified in 81 cases (54%), among which 78 cases (96%) were American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade A and 3 cases (4%) were AIS grade C. The upper boundary of the spinal cord atrophy site strongly correlated with the injury level, motor level and sensory level (r > 0.8, P < 0.001). ConclusionMore than half of children with SCI may develop secondary spinal cord atrophy, the vast majority of whom suffer from complete spinal cord injury; the upper boundary of spinal cord atrophy is correlated with the injury level.

Objective: To understand the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress among upper grade elemetary school students, and to explore the mediating role of leisure activities in the relationship, so as to provide a basis for developing mental health intervention strategies. Methods: From August to November 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was employed to recruit 1 373 fourth to sixth grade students from four primary schools in Harbin. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ), a self designed leisure activity scale (including active and passive leisure activities), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to assess childhood trauma experiences, leisure activities, and levels of psychological distress. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationships among childhood trauma, leisure types, leisure time, and psychological distress. Based on the mediation analysis framework proposed by Hayes (Model 4), the mediating role of leisure types in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress was examined. Results: Totally 19.1% of the upper elemetary school students exhibited psychological distress, while 30.2% had experienced childhood trauma. During school days, 64.6% of the students were reported of having leisure time concentrated between 1 and 5 hours per day, whereas 67.4% reported leisure time exceeding 5 hours per day on weekends. After controlling for potential demographic confounders such as gender, grade, ethnicity, household registration, being an only child, parents educational level, co residence, and whether parents are first time married,linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma experience had positive predictive effect on psychological distress in upper primary school students( β =0.20, P <0.01). Leisure time showed no statistically significant association with psychological distress, both on school days ( β =-0.58 to -0.56) and weekends ( β =0.26- 0.98 )(all P >0.05). Active leisure activities were negatively associated with psychological distress ( β =-0.20), while passive leisure activities were positively associated with psychological distress ( β =0.29)(both P <0.01). Leisure type partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress, accounting for 11.7% of the indirect effect. Conclusion Childhood trauma experiences positively predict psychological distress in upper elementary school students, and affect psychological distress through active leisure and passive leisure.

OBJECTIVE To provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and clinical application of Qingwen hufei granules. METHODS Fourteen batches of Qingwen hufei granules were used as samples to establish high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 Edition）. The chromatographic peaks were identified and the similarity was evaluated. Cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to conduct chemical pattern recognition analysis on the 14 batches of samples. Meanwhile， the contents of neochlorogenic acid （NGA）， chlorogenic acid （CHA）， cryptochlorogenic acid （CGA）， forsythoside A （FTA）， 3，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid （3，5-O- DA）， 4，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid （4，5-O-DA）， and angoroside C （AGC） in the samples were determined by HPLC. RESULTS The methodological investigation results of both the fingerprint and the content determination complied with the relevant requirements. Fourteen common peaks were indicated in the HPLC fingerprints of the 14 batches of samples， and 7 of them were identified [NGA （peak 2）， CHA （peak 3）， CGA （peak 5）， FTA （peak 11）， 3，5-O-DA （peak 12）， 4，5-O-DA （peak 13）， and AGC （peak 14）]； the similarity of each sample was greater than 0.94. The results of CA and PCA showed that the samples could be classified into 3 categories； the results of OPLS-DA indicated that peak 4 （unknown）， peak 11 （FTA）， peak 8 （unknown）， peak 9 （unknown）， and peak 1 （unknown） were the differential components. The content ranges of NGA， CHA， CGA， 3，5-O-DA， FTA， 4，5-O-DA and AGC in the 14 batches of samples were 0.210 4-0.458 7， 0.269 1-0.506 3， 0.228 1-0.461 1， 0.443 9-1.044 6， 0.066 7-0.155 7， 0.062 8-0.143 8， and 0.057 4-0.105 7 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The HPLC fingerprint and multi-component content determination methods established in this study are efficient and reliable， and can be used for the quality evaluation of Qingwen hufei granules.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Yangjing Zhongyutang （YJZYT） on mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress damage mediated by the silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1）/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha （PGC-1α） signaling pathway in cyclophosphamide （CTX）-induced rats with diminished ovarian reserve （DOR）， and to explore its mechanism in improving ovarian reserve function and follicular development. MethodsForty-two 8-week-old female SD rats with normal estrous cycles were randomly divided into a blank control group （n=7） and a model group （n=35）. Rats in the model group received a single intraperitoneal injection of CTX （90 mg·kg^-1） to establish the DOR model. After modeling， estrous cycles were monitored for 7 consecutive days， and model success was confirmed based on criteria for estrous cycle disruption. After successful modeling， rats were divided into groups for intervention： estradiol valerate group （0.09 mg·kg^-1）， and YJZYT high-， medium-， and low-dose groups （19.98， 9.99， 5.00 g·kg^-1）. The blank control group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water by gavage. All groups received daily gavage once for 4 consecutive weeks. The general state， body weight， and ovarian wet weight of rats were observed and recorded， and the ovarian organ index was calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， estradiol （E₂）， anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe ovarian histomorphological changes and follicular development status. Immunofluorescence was used to detect reactive oxygen species （ROS） expression levels. Colorimetric assays were employed to measure adenosine triphosphate （ATP） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in ovarian tissues. Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） copy number and the mRNA expression levels of key genes including SIRT1， PGC-1α， nuclear respiratory factor 1 （NRF1）， and mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM）. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression levels of SIRT1， PGC-1α， NRF1， and TFAM. ResultsCompared with the blank group， rats in the model group exhibited disrupted estrous cycles， obviously reduced body weight， and decreased ovarian index （P<0.05）. Ovarian histopathology revealed cortical thinning， loose structure， and a significant reduction in both primordial and growing follicles （P<0.01）. Serum FSH and LH levels were significantly elevated （P<0.01）， while E₂ and AMH levels were obviously reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ATP content and mtDNA copy number decreased in ovarian tissue （P<0.01）， ROS expression increased， MDA levels rose， while SOD and GSH-Px activities obviously decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1， PGC-1α， NRF1， and TFAM were obviously downregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After treatment， compared with the model group， body weight and ovarian index obviously recovered in rats administered various doses of YJZYT （P<0.05）， serum E₂ and AMH levels increased， while FSH and LH levels obviously decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， ovarian tissue ATP content and mtDNA copy number were up-regulated， ROS and MDA levels decreased， and antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px activity obviously increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， Gene and protein expression levels related to the SIRT1/PGC-1α /NRF1/TFAM signaling pathway were obviously up-regulated compared to the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， HE staining revealed that ovarian structure gradually recovered to integrity in all treatment groups， with a obviously increase in the number of primordial and growing follicles （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Granulosa cells were neatly arranged， indicating marked improvement in ovarian function. ConclusionYJZYT may improve ovarian function and follicular development in rats with diminished ovarian reserve by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway， promoting mitochondrial biogenesis， enhancing mitochondrial function， and alleviating oxidative stress damage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of mitochondrial calcium uniporter （MCU） on the cytoskeleton of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis （AP） induced by caerulein （CAE）， to analyze the role of MCU in the development of AP， and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment. MethodsIn the in vivo experiment， wild-type male C57BL6/J mice， aged 4 weeks， were randomly divided into control group and AP group， with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the AP group were given intraperitoneal injection of CAE to establish a model of AP， and those in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of normal saline. Serum and pancreatic tissue samples were collected after 24 hours of modeling. HE staining was used to observe pancreatic histopathological changes； Western Blot was used to measure the expression levels of MCU， glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 （ASCL4）； kits were used to measure the serum level of amylase. In the in vitro experiment， the human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line HPDE6-C7 was co-cultured with CAE for 24 hours to establish an in vitro AP model， and the cells were divided into control group， CAE group， RR （an MCU activity inhibitor） group， CAE+RR group， Fer-1 （an ferroptosis inhibitor） group， CAE+Fer-1 group， Erastin （an ferroptosis inducer） group， and CAE+Erastin group. CCK-8 assay was used to observe the influence of different agents on cell viability； Western Blot was used to measure the expression levels of MCU， GPX4， and ASCL4； immunofluorescence assay was used to measure reactive oxygen species （ROS）， actin cytoskeleton， and monolayer permeability； kits were used to measure the concentrations of malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione （GSH）， Fe²⁺， and total iron. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for comparison between two groups. ResultsIn the in vivo experiment， compared with the control group， the AP group had significant increases in pancreatic histopathological score， the serum level of amylase， and the expression levels of MCU and ASCL4， as well as a significant reduction in the expression of GPX4 （all P<0.05）. In the in vitro experiment， compared with the control group， the CAE group had significant increases in the expression levels of MCU and ASCL4， a significant reduction in the expression of GPX4， and significant increases in the concentrations of Fe²⁺， total iron， and MDA， the green fluorescence intensity of ROS， and monolayer permeability， as well as a significant reduction in the concentration of GSH （all P<0.05）， with the presence of actin cytoskeleton disruption. Compared with the CAE group， the CAE+RR group had a significant increase in the expression level of GPX4， a significant reduction in the expression level of ASCL4， and significant reductions in the concentrations of Fe²⁺， total iron， and MDA， the green fluorescence intensity of ROS， and monolayer permeability and a significant increase in the concentration of GSH （all P<0.05）， with alleviation of actin cytoskeleton disruption. Compared with the CAE group， the CAE+Fer-1 group had significant reductions in the concentrations of Fe²⁺， total iron， and MDA， the green fluorescence intensity of ROS， and monolayer permeability and a significant increase in the concentration of GSH （all P<0.05）， with alleviation of actin cytoskeleton disruption. Compared with the CAE group， the CAE+Erastin group had significant increases in the concentrations of Fe²⁺， total iron， and MDA， the green fluorescence intensity of ROS， and monolayer permeability and a significant reduction in the concentration of GSH （all P<0.05）， with aggravation of actin cytoskeleton disruption. ConclusionDuring the onset of AP， MCU mediates oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis and leads to the disruption of the pancreatic ductal epithelial barrier， which may be one of the possible pathogeneses of AP.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of adrenal hemolymphangioma,so as to enhance the understanding of this disease. Methods: Clinical and pathological data of 8 patients with adrenal hemolymphangioma admitted to the Department of Urology of our hospital during Jan.2013 and Dec.2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The patients included 5 males and 3 female,median age 54(25-75) years.Adrenal hemolymphangioma was detected in all patients in physical examinations without obvious symptoms.And 4 of the patients had a history of hypertension.Adrenal function test results showed no abnormalities.A total of 9 tumors were identified by imaging examination,including 1 unilateral multiple and 7 unilateral solitary tumors,with a median diameter of 3.6(1.0-5.4) cm.Posterior laparoscopic adrenal tumor resection was performed in 7 cases and robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenal tumor resection in 1 case；all of the tumors were completely removed.The median operation time was 77(53-115) min,median intraoperative blood loss 7.5(2.0-20.0) mL,and median postoperative hospital stay 4(1-7) d.Postoperative pathology showed interwoven deformed and dilated blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the cystic tumors,with a large amount of lymphoid fluid,lymphocytes and red blood cells.Chronic lymphocyte infiltration was visible between the tube walls.The cystic cavity was partially connected,with flat endothelial cells lining.The pathological diagnosis was adrenal hemolymphangioma.During the median follow-up of 53.5(12.0-106.8) months,all patients recovered well,with stable blood pressure and no tumor recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: Adrenal hemolymphangioma has no specific clinical symptoms.As adrenal functional tests show no obvious abnormalities,the diagnosis depends on pathological examinations.Popsterior laparoscopic or robot-assisted laparoscopic resection has good efficacy and prognosis.

Objective: To analyze the trajectories of body mass index for age z-score (BAZ) and its influencing factors among children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) based on latent class growth modeling (LCGM), so as to provide the evidence for improving treatment measures and optimizing growth management among children with CH. Methods Children with CH aged 0 to 3 years from the Newborn Disease Screening Center of Shanxi Children's Hospital (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital) between 2017 and 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Basic information, height and weight data from 3 to 36 months of age, age at treatment initiation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at diagnosis, and family information were retrospectively collected. BAZ for children with CH at each month of age was calculated based on the WHO Child Growth Standards. The trajectories of BAZ were analyzed using LCGM, and factors affecting the trajectories of BAZ among children with CH were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Methods: Children with CH aged 0 to 3 years from the Newborn Disease Screening Center of Shanxi Children's Hospital (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital) between 2017 and 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Basic information, height and weight data from 3 to 36 months of age, age at treatment initiation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at diagnosis, and family information were retrospectively collected. BAZ for children with CH at each month of age was calculated based on the WHO Child Growth Standards. The trajectories of BAZ were analyzed using LCGM, and factors affecting the trajectories of BAZ among children with CH were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Results: A total of 299 children with CH were included. There were 140 boys (46.82%) and 159 girls (53.18%). The median of BAZ was 0.50 (interquartile range, 1.68). The LCGM analysis categorized the subjects into three groups: the persistent high-growth pattern group with 24 cases (8.03%), the slow-growth pattern group with 39 cases (13.04%), and the appropriate-growth pattern group with 236 cases (78.93%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that compared to the children with CH in the appropriate-growth pattern group, those who started treatment at the age of 30 to 60 days (OR=0.109, 95%CI: 0.016-0.732; OR=0.166, 95%CI: 0.032-0.852) had a lower risk of persistent high-growth and slow-growth patterns; CH children with TSH levels of 50 to 150 mIU/L at diagnosis (OR=3.554, 95%CI: 1.201-10.514) and those whose paternal had a senior high school/technical secondary school education (OR=2.975, 95%CI: 1.003-8.823) exhibited a higher risk of the persistent high-growth pattern. Conversely, CH children whose paternal reproductive age was 30 to 35 years (OR=0.166, 95%CI: 0.034-0.806) had a lower risk of the persistent high-growth pattern. Conclusions The BAZ trajectory of children with CH aged 0 to 3 years exhibited three patterns: persistent high-growth, slow-growth, and appropriate-growth. The persistent high-growth and slow-growth patterns were associated with treatment timing, TSH levels at diagnosis, paternal reproductive age, and paternal education level. It is recommended to strengthen early treatment interventions and provide family follow-up guidance.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024, so as to provide the basis for formulating pertussis prevention and control measures. Methods: The incidence data of pertussis in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the vaccination data were collected through the Immunization Program Information System of Heilongjiang Province. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional and population distribution characteristics of pertussis incidence as well as the immunization history of pertussis cases. Results: A total of 417 cases of pertussis were reported in Harbin City from 2015 to 2024, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.41/100 000. The reported incidence increased from 0.18/100 000 in 2015 to 0.64/100 000 in 2024, showing an overall upward trend (P<0.05). The peak incidence period was from August to November, with 253 cases, accounting for 60.67%. The average annual reported incidences of pertussis in Shuangcheng District, Nangang District and Daoli District were relatively high, at 1.09/100 000, 0.93/100 000 and 0.52/100 000, respectively. There were 223 male cases and 194 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.15∶1. The average annual reported incidence of pertussis was 0.45/100 000 in males and 0.39/100 000 in females, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Cases were predominantly distributed among children under 6 months and those aged 6 to under 10 years, with 176 and 144 cases, accounting for 42.21% and 34.53% respectively. The majority of cases were scattered children, with 266 cases (63.79%). There were 175 cases (41.97%) without diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine and 172 cases (41.25%) who had completed the full course of immunization. Conclusions The incidence of pertussis in Harbin City showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2024. Autumn was identified as the peak season for disease onset. Shuangcheng District and Nangang District were the high-incidence areas. Children under 6 months, those aged 6 to under 10 years, scattered children, and those who had not received the DTP vaccine were the high-risk groups. It is recommended to improve pertussis surveillance strategies and strengthen childhood immunization programs.

INTRODUCTION: Odour recognition is influenced by culture. Odour identification tests need to be adapted to a population to accurately assess olfactory function. This study's objectives were to validate the Singapore version of the Sniffin' Sticks (SS-Sg) and a locally-developed odour recognition test (Scentsor) for Singapore. METHOD: This prospective study was performed in 3 otolaryngology outpatient clinics in 3 phases (1 May to 15 November 2024). Phase 1 was a survey evaluation of 93 odour descriptors to identify familiar odour descriptors to be used in the tests (n=414); Phase 2 evaluated and finalised SS-Sg and Scentsor to ensure test odours were recognised by ≥75% of healthy controls (n=130); and Phase 3 validated both tests on healthy controls (n=473) to obtain normative data, to determine test-retest reliability (n=50), and to assess the ability to distinguish patients with olfactory loss (n=67). RESULTS: In Phase 1, the unmodified SS blue and purple sets had 15/32 (46.9%) unfamiliar test odours and 25 unfamiliar distractors combined. In Phase 2, after modification, all odours in SS-Sg and Scentsor were correctly identified by ≥75% of controls. In Phase 3, normative data (age 21-83 years) was obtained. Both tests had good test-retest reliability (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.88 with<0.001 for SS-Sg; and at 0.90 with<0.001 for Scentsor). Both tests differentiated among normosmia, hyposmia and anosmia (SS-Sg scores: 12.6 [±2.4] versus [vs] 9.8 (±3.2) vs 6.0 [±2.3] respectively,<0.001; Scentsor scores: 14.3 [±1.8] vs 11.3 [±2.8] vs 5.8 [±3.4] respectively,<0.001). CONCLUSION SS-Sg and Scentsor have been validated to assess olfaction in Singapore.
Humans ; Singapore ; Male ; Female ; Odorants/analysis* ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis* ; Adult ; Reproducibility of Results ; Aged ; Smell/physiology* ; Young Adult