Objective To establish a quality evaluation method for Abri Mollis Herba based on its morphological characteristics, microscopic features, and the determination of principal component contents. Methods The morphological characteristics of Abri Mollis Herba were identified by morphological authentication methods. Microscopic techniques were employed to observe the microscopic features of both the powdered form and cross-sectional tissue of Abri Mollis Herba. Additionally, a high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was developed to establish the quantify the main components, abrine and soyasaponin Bb, in Abri Mollis Herba. Results The morphological characteristics of Abri Mollis Herba were defined by numerous long pubescence on both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaflets, with indistinct veins and vein islands. The microscopic features mainly included non-glandular hairs, prismatic crystals, and crystal-sheathed fibers in the powdered form. In the root cross-section, xylem bundles, rays, vessels, and stone cells were visible. The stem cross-section displayed rays, vessels, and a hollow pith, while the leaf cross-section revealed collateral vascular bundles, vessels, and prismatic crystals. Conclusion The quality of Abri Mollis Herba could be effectively evaluated by the combination of morphological identification, microscopic authentication, and the quantification of main components abrine and soyasaponin Bb .

BACKGROUND: In the interim analysis of MONARCH plus, adding abemaciclib to endocrine therapy (ET) improved progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) in predominantly Chinese postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC). This study presents the final pre-planned PFS analysis. METHODS: In the phase III MONARCH plus study, postmenopausal women in China, India, Brazil, and South Africa with HR+/HER2- ABC without prior systemic therapy in an advanced setting (cohort A) or progression on prior ET (cohort B) were randomized (2:1) to abemaciclib (150 mg twice daily [BID]) or placebo plus: anastrozole (1.0 mg/day) or letrozole (2.5 mg/day) (cohort A) or fulvestrant (500 mg on days 1 and 15 of cycle 1 and then on day 1 of each subsequent cycle) (cohort B). The primary endpoint was PFS of cohort A. Secondary endpoints included cohort B PFS (key secondary endpoint), ORR, overall survival (OS), safety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS: In cohort A (abemaciclib: n  = 207; placebo: n  = 99), abemaciclib plus a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor improved median PFS vs . placebo (28.27 months vs . 14.73 months, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.476; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.348-0.649). In cohort B (abemaciclib: n  = 104; placebo: n  = 53), abemaciclib plus fulvestrant improved median PFS vs . placebo (11.41 months vs . 5.59 months, HR: 0.480; 95% CI: 0.322-0.715). Abemaciclib numerically improved ORR. Although immature, a trend toward OS benefit with abemaciclib was observed (cohort A: HR: 0.893, 95% CI: 0.553-1.443; cohort B: HR: 0.512, 95% CI: 0.281-0.931). The most frequent grade ≥3 adverse events in the abemaciclib arms were neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia (both cohorts), and lymphocytopenia (cohort B). Abemaciclib did not cause clinically meaningful changes in patient-reported global health, functioning, or most symptoms vs . placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Abemaciclib plus ET led to improvements in PFS and ORR, a manageable safety profile, and sustained HRQoL, providing clinical benefit without a high toxicity burden or reduced quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02763566).
Humans ; Female ; Fulvestrant/therapeutic use* ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Aminopyridines/therapeutic use* ; Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use* ; Middle Aged ; Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism* ; Adult ; Letrozole/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Anastrozole/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the targets and mechanisms of 7-hydroxyethyl chrysin (7-HEC) in prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) in rats. METHODS: Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, HACE model group, and 7-HEC-treated group (18 rats in each group). Except for the normal control group, rats in the two other groups were exposed to a hypobaric hypoxic chamber simulating a 7000 m altitude for 72 h to establish the HACE model. The 7-HEC-treated group was intraperitoneally injected with 7-HEC (150 mg·kg^－¹·d^－¹) for 3 consecutive days before modeling, while the model group received equivalent isotonic sodium chloride solution. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) proteomics technology was used to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with screening criteria set at a fold change >1.2 and P<0.05. Western blotting was used to verify the expression levels of target proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, 256 DEPs were identified in the HACE model group. Compared with the HACE model group, 87 DEPs were identified in the 7-HEC-treated group. Among them, 19 DEPs that were dysregulated in the HACE model group were restored after 7-HEC intervention, of which seven (HSPA4, Arhgap20, SERT, HACL1, CCDC43, POLR3A, and PCBD1) were confirmed by Western blotting. GO enrichment analysis of the DEPs between the HACE model and 7-HEC-treated groups revealed their involvement in 13 biological processes, five cellular components, and two molecular functions. KEGG pathway analysis indicated associations with the mRNA surveillance pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, serotonergic synapse, RNA polymerase, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, folate biosynthesis. PPI network analysis demonstrated that HSPA4, POLR3A, and HACL1, which were validated by Western blotting, interacted with multiple signaling pathways and ranked among the top 20 hub proteins by degree value, suggesting their potential role as core regulatory factors. Arhgap20, SERT and PCBD1 also exhibited interactions with several proteins, suggesting their potential as key regulatory proteins, whereas no interactions for CCDC43 were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study applied TMT proteomics to identify seven potential therapeutic targets of 7-HEC for the prevention and treatment of HACE. These targets may be involved in the pathogenesis of HACE through multiple pathways, including maintaining cellular homeostasis, ameliorating oxidative stress, regulating energy metabolism, and reducing vascular permeability.
Animals ; Male ; Proteomics/methods* ; Rats, Wistar ; Flavonoids/therapeutic use* ; Rats ; Brain Edema/etiology* ; Altitude Sickness/metabolism* ; Protein Interaction Maps

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of early motor development in small for gestational age (SGA) infants at high risk of brain injury.Methods:This study retrospectively enrolled a total of 81 SGA infants and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants who were at high risk of brain injury and attended outpatient follow-up visits in Xi'an Children's Hospital from February to October 2022. Seventeen SGA infants (SGA group) and 24 AGA infants (AGA group) were assessed for motor development using the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) at 2-5 weeks of corrected age (CA) and 20 SGA infants (SGA group) and 20 AGA infants (AGA group) were assessed at 14-17 weeks of CA. Independent samples t-test, rank-sum test, and Chi-square test were used to compare the demographic characteristics, high-risk factors of brain injury, and TIMP scores between the two groups. Results:At 2-5 weeks and 14-17 weeks of CA, the birth weights of SGA group were both less than those of AGA group [(1 817.1±440.3) vs. (2 630.0±560.9) g, t=－4.98; (1 752.0±434.4) vs. (2 226.3±699.8) g, t=－2.58; both P<0.05], but there were no significant differences in gestational age at birth or high-risk factors of brain injury between the two groups (all P>0.05). (1) At 2-5 weeks of CA: SGA group had lower total TIMP score [(71.6±13.7) vs. (80.5±11.5) scores, t=－2.26, P=0.029], elicited item score [61.0 scores (41.0-85.0 scores) vs. 69.1 scores (49.0-96.0 scores), Z=－2.15, P=0.037], sitting position score [8.8 scores (3.0-19.0 scores) vs. 11.2 scores (5.0-22.0 scores), Z=－2.07, P=0.038], and prone position score [(9.8±3.1) vs. (12.3±3.1) scores, t=－2.19, P=0.034] when compared with AGA group. (2) At 14-17 weeks of CA: The standing position score of the SGA group was lower than that of the AGA group [6.5 scores (4.0-11.0 scores) vs. 7.7 scores (2.0-11.0 scores), Z=－2.05, P=0.040], but no statistical difference was observed in the total TIMP score or the scores of sitting, supine, prone, turning, and lateral positions between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Early motor performance of SGA infants is inferior to AGA infants before five months of age, which is embodied in the poor head control at 2-5 weeks of CA that further affects the stability of standing posture in them at 14-17 weeks of CA.

【Objective】 To analyze the contributing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and the correlation between bone mineral density and physical growth, in order to provide new clues for the prevention and early intervention of ADHD. 【Methods】 A total of 116 children with ADHD were included into the observation group from June 2020 to June 2022, while another 80 healthy children in the same period were included as the control group.Clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the factors influencing ADHD in children were analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression. Children with ADHD were further divided into boys group and girls group based on gender. Bone mineral density (BMD) and physical growth (height and body weight) of the two groups were measured, and the correlation between the two was analyzed. 【Results】 In the observation group, the proportion of boys, maternal bad behaviors during pregnancy, their educational level below high school, critical parenting, and parental stress index were significantly higher compared to the control group (χ²=14.430, 5.689, 5.630, 6.738, t=6.936, P<0.05). Additionally, family environment score was significantly lower than that in the control group (t=6.328, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that factors including boys (OR=3.298, 95%CI: 1.759 - 6.184), maternal bad behaviors during pregnancy (OR=2.730, 95%CI: 1.169 - 6.375), maternal education level of senior high school or below (OR=2.032, 95%CI: 1.127 - 3.663), critical parenting (OR=2.349, 95%CI: 1.223 - 4.513), and parental stress index (OR=1.089, 95%CI: 1.055 - 1.124) were positively correlated with ADHD in children (P<0.05), while family environment score was negatively related to ADHD (OR=0.868, 95%CI: 0.820 - 0.919, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in BMD, height and body weight between boys and girls in ADHD group (P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation of BMD with height and body weight (r=0.409, 0.317, P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 The development of ADHD in children is associated with gender, maternal bad behavior during pregnancy, family parental style and so on. Bone mineral density is closely related to physical growth in children with ADHD, clinical interventions can be implemented to prevent or early intervene ADHD.

【Objective】 To examine the association between psychological behavioral problems and sleep problems in disabled children in Beijing, in order to provide reference for reducing the sleep problems of disabled children. 【Methods】 From September 2017 to February 2018, children with disabilities aged 6 to 17 years were selected by random sampling, and were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire to get their demographic characteristics.Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) was used to assess psychological and behavioral problems.The relationship between psychological behavior and sleep problems was analyzed by binary Logistic regression. 【Result】 Totally 650 children with disabilities were included in the study.The detection rates of sleep problems was significantly different in children with different genders, different school styles, different types of disabilities and different grades of disabilities (χ²=3.984, 4.437, 12.925, 18.104, P<0.001). There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of sleep problems between children with and without psychological and behavioral problems (χ²=30.722, P<0.001).Psychological and behavioral problems were the main risk factors for sleep problems of disabled children (OR=2.540, 95%CI:1.740 - 3.709).The risk of sleep problems in day students with disabilities was 1.577 times as high as that of boarders with disabilities. 【Conclusions】 Psychological and behavioral problems of disabled children are related to sleep problems.Improving psychological and behavioral status can effectively prevent their sleep problems.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect and possible mechanism of modified Shenling Baizhu Powder （参苓白术散） and Xiaoluo Pill （消瘰丸） in the treatment of children with adenoid hypertrophy due to spleen deficiency and phlegm accumulation. MethodsOne hundred and thirty children with adenoid hyperplasia due to spleen deficiency and phlegm accumulation were randomly divided into 65 cases each in the observation group and control group. The control group was given mometasone furoate nasal spray， one spray into each nostril， once a day， while the observation group was given modified Shenling Baizhu Powder and Xiaoluo Pill orally， one dose per day， and both groups were treated for 8 months. The pre- and after-treatment electronic nasopharyngoscope scores， specific quality of life survey scale （OSA-18） scores， total TCM symptom scores， serum cysteine leukotrienes （CysLTs）， interleukin 2 （IL-2）， tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， and interleukin 10 （IL-10） levels were compared to determine the clinical efficacy after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment， the electronic nasopharyngoscope scores， OSA-18 scores， total TCM symptom scores， serum CysLTs， IL-2 and TNF-α levels significantly decreased， while IL-10 levels increased in both groups （P＜0.01）. Compared between the two groups after treatment， the electronic nasopharyngoscope score， OSA-18 score， total TCM symptom score， serum CysLTs， IL-2 and TNF-α levels were significantly lower， and the IL-10 level was higher in the observation group than in the control group （P＜0.01）. The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.38% （62/65）， superior to 81.54% （53/65） of the control group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionFor children with adenoid hypertrophy due to spleen deficiency and phlegm accumulation， modified Shenling Baizhu Powder and Xiaoluo Pill can help to improve symptoms， increase quality of life and clinical efficacy， and its mechanism may be related to reducing the inflammatory response.

The intestinal flora and gut barrier function are of great significance for gut function and human health. When the intestinal flora is disrupted and the gut barrier structure is disrupted, it can lead to bacterial translocation, endotoxin influx into the bloodstream, and the production of pro-inflammatory factors, leading to various tissue damage in the body. Tongfu method in TCM can affect the intestinal environment by regulating intestinal permeability and immune response, restoring normal intestinal movement, and regulating the structure and metabolites of intestinal flora, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis and body health. The research on regulating intestinal flora and improving intestinal barrier function by Tongfu method can provide reference for further research on the relationship between TCM and intestinal microecology, and provide ideas for clinical treatment.