Objective:To analyze the treatment outcome and its related factors of rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (RR-PTB) patients in Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2022.Methods:Through the "Drug-resistant Cases" in the "Surveillance Report Management" subsystem of the "China Disease Control and Prevention System", the RR-PTB patients registered from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2022 in Shaanxi Province were collected.A cross-sectional study was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, history of anti-tuberculosis treatment, medication status, and treatment outcomes and prognosis of the patients was performed. The trend analysis was conducted by trend chi-square test. Chi-square test was used for statistical comparison. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze factors influencing the treatment outcome of RR-PTB patients.Results:From 2017 to 2022, a total of 2 582 cases of RR-PTB were registered in Shaanxi Province. Epidemiological characteristics showed that the male registration incidence (1.55/100 000) was higher than that of females (0.61/100 000), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=473.04, P<0.001). The population was mainly young and middle-aged (38.88%(1 004/2 582)) and farmers (66.50%(1 717/2 582)). The highest registered incidence was in Southern Shaanxi (1.71/100 000). A total of 1 567 cases were successfully treated, with a successful treatment rate of 60.69%. The successful treatment rate of RR-PTB patients increased from 58.17%(121/208) in 2017 to 66.41%(174/262) in 2022, which showed an overall upward trend with statistically significant (trend χ2=62.84, P<0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male (odds ratio ( OR)=1.838, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.392 to 2.427, P<0.001), 45 to 64 years old ( OR=2.119, 95% CI 1.361 to 3.300, P=0.001), ≥65 years old ( OR=5.070, 95% CI 3.016 to 8.521, P<0.001), living the Northern Shaanxi ( OR=1.639, 95% CI 1.087 to 2.471, P=0.018), retreatment ( OR=1.646, 95% CI 1.264 to 2.144, P<0.001), with cross-regional mobility ( OR=1.821, 95% CI 1.403 to 2.363, P<0.001), cumulative months of medication <6 months ( OR=55.310, 95% CI 40.267 to 75.974, P<0.001), family member or self-medication management ( OR=2.176, 95% CI 1.527 to 3.100, P<0.001) were risk factors for successful treatment of RR-PTB patients. Conclusions:The successful treatment rate of RR-PTB patients in Shaanxi Province has shown an upward trend.Male, age ≥45 years, living in the Northern Shaanxi, retreatment, cross-regional mobility, cumulative months of medication <6 months, family or self-medication management are risk factors for treatment outcome of RR-PTB patients.Treatment management, the supervision and propaganda education should be strengthened to further reduce the risk of adverse treatment outcomes.

Objective:To analyze the treatment outcome and its related factors of rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (RR-PTB) patients in Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2022.Methods:Through the "Drug-resistant Cases" in the "Surveillance Report Management" subsystem of the "China Disease Control and Prevention System", the RR-PTB patients registered from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2022 in Shaanxi Province were collected.A cross-sectional study was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, history of anti-tuberculosis treatment, medication status, and treatment outcomes and prognosis of the patients was performed. The trend analysis was conducted by trend chi-square test. Chi-square test was used for statistical comparison. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze factors influencing the treatment outcome of RR-PTB patients.Results:From 2017 to 2022, a total of 2 582 cases of RR-PTB were registered in Shaanxi Province. Epidemiological characteristics showed that the male registration incidence (1.55/100 000) was higher than that of females (0.61/100 000), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=473.04, P<0.001). The population was mainly young and middle-aged (38.88%(1 004/2 582)) and farmers (66.50%(1 717/2 582)). The highest registered incidence was in Southern Shaanxi (1.71/100 000). A total of 1 567 cases were successfully treated, with a successful treatment rate of 60.69%. The successful treatment rate of RR-PTB patients increased from 58.17%(121/208) in 2017 to 66.41%(174/262) in 2022, which showed an overall upward trend with statistically significant (trend χ2=62.84, P<0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male (odds ratio ( OR)=1.838, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.392 to 2.427, P<0.001), 45 to 64 years old ( OR=2.119, 95% CI 1.361 to 3.300, P=0.001), ≥65 years old ( OR=5.070, 95% CI 3.016 to 8.521, P<0.001), living the Northern Shaanxi ( OR=1.639, 95% CI 1.087 to 2.471, P=0.018), retreatment ( OR=1.646, 95% CI 1.264 to 2.144, P<0.001), with cross-regional mobility ( OR=1.821, 95% CI 1.403 to 2.363, P<0.001), cumulative months of medication <6 months ( OR=55.310, 95% CI 40.267 to 75.974, P<0.001), family member or self-medication management ( OR=2.176, 95% CI 1.527 to 3.100, P<0.001) were risk factors for successful treatment of RR-PTB patients. Conclusions:The successful treatment rate of RR-PTB patients in Shaanxi Province has shown an upward trend.Male, age ≥45 years, living in the Northern Shaanxi, retreatment, cross-regional mobility, cumulative months of medication <6 months, family or self-medication management are risk factors for treatment outcome of RR-PTB patients.Treatment management, the supervision and propaganda education should be strengthened to further reduce the risk of adverse treatment outcomes.

Objective: To investigate whether endogenous nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) can inhibit arrhythmia and expression of β₁-adrenergic receptor (β₁-AR) on the surface of myocardial cell membrane in acute myocardial ischemia rats by Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP). Methods: ① Experiment one: according to random number table method, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with only 6 weeks of age were divided into Sham group (open the chest but do not ligate the coronary artery), myocardial ischemia model group (coronary ligation of left anterior descending branch), and endogenous N/OFQ antagonists UFP-101 pretreatment group (UFP-101 group, preoperative 10 minutes after tail vein injection of 1 mL/kg UFP-101), with 10 rats in each group. Arrhythmia was recorded within 15 minutes after operation. The expression of phosphorylated RKIP (p-RKIP) was detected by Western Blot. ② Experiment two: according to the random number table method, 30 4-week-old male SD rats were divided into UFP-101 control group, RKIP over expression group and RKIP antagonism group, with 10 rats in each group. The UFP-101 control group was intraperiton eally injected with corn oil every day, while the other two groups were injected with up adjuster of RKIP (Didymin). The rats in the three groups were all ligated after 4 weeks of feeding, and UFP-101 was injected through the tail vein 10 minutes before the operation. The RKIP antagonist group received intraperitoneal injection of the RKIP-specific antagonist locostatin 2 hours before surgery. Arrhythmia results were recorded within 15 minutes after operation. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of p-RKIP in myocardial tissue and expression of β₁-AR on the surface of myocardial cell membrane 15 minutes after surgery. Results: ①Experiment one: compared with Sham group, ventricular ectopic beat (VEB), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) increased significantly in the model group and UFP-101 group, and arrhythmia score increased significantly. In addition, compared with the Sham group, p-RKIP expression was increased in the model group and decreased in the UFP-101 group. Compared with the model group, preconditioning with UFP-101 significantly reduced the occurrence of arrhythmia [arrhythmia score: 1.5 (0.3, 5.0) vs. 4.0 (2.0, 5.0), P < 0.05], and the expression of p-RKIP in myocardial tissue significantly decreased (p-RKIP/total RKIP: 0.20±0.11 vs. 0.43±0.11, P < 0.05). This indicated that antagonistic N/OFQ could reduce the phosphorylation of RKIP and the occurrence of arrhythmia. ② Experiment two: compared with the UFP-101 control group, overexpression of RKIP significantly increased the occurrence of arrhythmia events, and the expression of β₁-AR on the surface of the myocardial cell membrane significantly increased. And antagonism RKIP overexpression could make the occurrence of arrhythmia eased [arrhythmia score: 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) vs. 4.0 (2.0, 5.0), P < 0.05], and significantly reduce the expression of myocardial cell membrane surface β₁-AR (β₁-AR/Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase: 0.88±0.09 vs. 1.02±0.08, P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in total RKIP expression (total RKIP/GAPDH: 5.40±0.21 vs. 5.36±0.19, P > 0.05). This indicated that endogenous N/OFQ affected the expression of plasma β₁-AR on the surface of myocardial cell membrane and ischemic arrhythmia in rats through RKIP. Conclusion Endogenous N/OFQ can affect the expression of plasma β₁-AR on the membrane surface of ischemic myocardium and arrhythmia in rats via increased expression of RKIP phosphorylation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether endogenous nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) can inhibit arrhythmia and expression of β₁-adrenergic receptor (β₁-AR) on the surface of myocardial cell membrane in acute myocardial ischemia rats by Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP). METHODS: (1) Experiment one: according to random number table method, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with only 6 weeks of age were divided into Sham group (open the chest but do not ligate the coronary artery), myocardial ischemia model group (coronary ligation of left anterior descending branch), and endogenous N/OFQ antagonists UFP-101 pretreatment group (UFP-101 group, preoperative 10 minutes after tail vein injection of 1 mL/kg UFP-101), with 10 rats in each group. Arrhythmia was recorded within 15 minutes after operation. The expression of phosphorylated RKIP (p-RKIP) was detected by Western Blot. (2) Experiment two: according to the random number table method, 30 4-week-old male SD rats were divided into UFP-101 control group, RKIP over expression group and RKIP antagonism group, with 10 rats in each group. The UFP-101 control group was intraperiton eally injected with corn oil every day, while the other two groups were injected with up adjuster of RKIP (Didymin). The rats in the three groups were all ligated after 4 weeks of feeding, and UFP-101 was injected through the tail vein 10 minutes before the operation. The RKIP antagonist group received intraperitoneal injection of the RKIP-specific antagonist locostatin 2 hours before surgery. Arrhythmia results were recorded within 15 minutes after operation. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of p-RKIP in myocardial tissue and expression of β₁-AR on the surface of myocardial cell membrane 15 minutes after surgery. RESULTS: (1) Experiment one: compared with Sham group, ventricular ectopic beat (VEB), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) increased significantly in the model group and UFP-101 group, and arrhythmia score increased significantly. In addition, compared with the Sham group, p-RKIP expression was increased in the model group and decreased in the UFP-101 group. Compared with the model group, preconditioning with UFP-101 significantly reduced the occurrence of arrhythmia [arrhythmia score: 1.5 (0.3, 5.0) vs. 4.0 (2.0, 5.0), P < 0.05], and the expression of p-RKIP in myocardial tissue significantly decreased (p-RKIP/total RKIP: 0.20±0.11 vs. 0.43±0.11, P < 0.05). This indicated that antagonistic N/OFQ could reduce the phosphorylation of RKIP and the occurrence of arrhythmia. (2) Experiment two: compared with the UFP-101 control group, overexpression of RKIP significantly increased the occurrence of arrhythmia events, and the expression of β₁-AR on the surface of the myocardial cell membrane significantly increased. And antagonism RKIP overexpression could make the occurrence of arrhythmia eased [arrhythmia score: 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) vs. 4.0 (2.0, 5.0), P < 0.05], and significantly reduce the expression of myocardial cell membrane surface β₁-AR (β₁-AR/Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase: 0.88±0.09 vs. 1.02±0.08, P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in total RKIP expression (total RKIP/GAPDH: 5.40±0.21 vs. 5.36±0.19, P > 0.05). This indicated that endogenous N/OFQ affected the expression of plasma β₁-AR on the surface of myocardial cell membrane and ischemic arrhythmia in rats through RKIP. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous N/OFQ can affect the expression of plasma β₁-AR on the membrane surface of ischemic myocardium and arrhythmia in rats via increased expression of RKIP phosphorylation.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Male ; Opioid Peptides/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid ; Nociceptin

Objective To investigate the biocompatibility and safety of nanoscale brain-targeting-carrier micelles [poly (ethylene)-b-poly (lactic acid)/OX26 conjugate micells (copolymer/OX26)],and to explore its possibility as brain-targeted-drug carrier for brain glioma.Methods The C6 glioma cells were cultured in vitro and divided into experimental groups with different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80 mg · L-1 )of nano micelle, and the medium without micelle was used as control group.The inhibitory effect of nano-micelles on the rat brain glioma C6 cells was examined by Trypan blue cell counting assay.Flow cytometry (FCM)was used to detect the changes of apoptosis and cell cycle of C6 cells,and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)was performed to analyze the distribution of copolymer/OX26 into C6 cells. Results The results of Trypan blue cell counting assay showed copolymer/OX26 didn’t affect the growth of C6 cells,and there were no significant differences in the number of C6 cells between control group and expreimental groups (P >0.05).The results of FCM showed that the cell cycle and and the apoptotic rates of C6 cells had no changes compared with control group (P > 0.05).The results of CLSM showed that the fluorescence intensities in experimental groups were higher than those in blank micelles group and blank control group (P < 0.05 ), and they were increased in dose- and time-dependent manner (P <0.05).Conclusion Copolymer/OX26 has no effect on the growth and apoptosis of glioma cells.By bonding OX26,copolymer/OX26 can significantly increase the intake of C6 cells on the nano micelles.

Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a-AKT1 and express human AKT1 protein using prokaryotic expression system .Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to amplify the gene AKT1 in coding region and integrated it with pET 32a plasmid ,following by transforming it into Escherichia coli DH5α and prokaryotic strains BL21(DE3) .Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG) was adopted to induce its expression .Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE ) and Western-blot were used for protein identification .Results Complete fusion of target gene and plasmid was observed .The recombinant plasmid pET32a-AKT1 was successfully transferred into the strain DE3 . After IPTG induction ,protein with relative molecular mass 70 000 was expressed by DE3 .Conclusion The recombinant plasmid pET32a-AKT1 is constructed successfully and AKT 1 protein is completely and efficiently expressed by prokaryotic strain DE 3 .