Objective: To explore the potential category patterns of risk prevention and control behaviors of HIV infection among young students who have sex with men (MSM) and their impact on HIV infection and late detection, aiming to optimize intervention strategies. Methods: From September 2017 to December 2024, a total of 1 637 MSM young students in Tianjin were recruited through both online and offline channels. Latent class analysis was applied to classify 11 HIV risk prevention and control behaviors [condom use during the most recent anal sex in the past 6 months, consistent condom use, use of water based lubricants, abstinence from recreational drugs, regular on site professional testing, fixed sexual partners, partner testing, awareness of partner s HIV testing results, testing before sexual activity, nucleic acid testing, and use of pre exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)]. Multivariate Logistic regression analyzed associations between demographic characteristics/intervention services factors and latent classes. Differences in HIV infection and late detection across behavior patterns were compared. Results: HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM students were classified into three latent classes:condom dependent group (38.42%), low prevention group (27.73%), and comprehensive prevention group (33.85%). Students who received condom promotion/testing services were more likely to belong to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =5.58), while those who received peer education were less likely to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =0.43) (both P <0.01). Among the MSM student population, the HIV infection rate was 4.83%, with 2.26% of cases detected late. The HIV infection rate (1.45%) and late detection proportion (0.82%) in the comprehensive prevention group were lower than those in the low prevention group (7.89% and 3.83%, respectively) ( χ 2=16.20, 7.31, both P <0.01). Conclusions HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM young students exhibit significant heterogeneity. Comprehensive prevention strategies can effectively reduce HIV infection and late detection risks. It is necessary to optimize peer education content and improve the accessibility of diversified prevention measures such as PrEP/PEP to enhance HIV prevention and control.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF） and bacterial infection and early warning indicators associated with multidrug-resistant infections. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 130 patients with ACLF and bacterial infection who attended The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 1， 2010 to December 31， 2021， and according to the drug susceptibility results， the patients were divided into multidrug-resistant （MDR） bacterial infection group with 80 patients and non-MDR bacterial infection group with 50 patients. General information and laboratory examination results were compared between the two groups to screen for the early warning indicators associated with MDR bacterial infection. The Student’s t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data or continuous data with heterogeneity of variance between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The binary logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve were used to assess the predictive value of early warning indicators. ResultsAmong the 130 patients with ACLF and bacterial infection， sputum （27.7%） was the most common specimen for detection， followed by blood （24.6%）， urine （18.5%）， and ascites （17.7%）. Bacterial infections were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria （58.5%）. Of all bacteria， Escherichia coli （18.5%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae （14.6%）， and Enterococcus faecium （13.8%） were the most common pathogens. Gram-positive bacteria had a high resistance rate to the antibacterial drugs such as erythromycin （72.2%）， penicillin （57.4%）， ampicillin （55.6%）， and ciprofloxacin （53.7%）， while Gram-negative bacteria had a high resistance rate to the antibacterial drugs such as ampicillin （73.3%）， cefazolin （50.0%）， and cefepime （47.4%）. The patients with ACLF and bacterial infection had a relatively high rate of MDR bacterial infection （61.5%）. Comparison of clinical data between the two groups showed that compared with the patients with non-MDR bacterial infection， the patients with MDR bacterial infection had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase （Z=2.089， P=0.037）， aspartate aminotransferase （Z=2.063， P=0.039）， white blood cell count （Z=2.207， P=0.027）， and monocyte count （Z=4.413， P<0.001）. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that monocyte count was an independent risk factor for MDR bacterial infection （odds ratio=7.120， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 2.478‍ ‍—‍ ‍20.456，P<0.001） and had an area under the ROC curve of 0.686 （95%CI： 0.597‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.776） in predicting ACLF with MDR bacterial infection（P<0.001）， with the optimal cut-off value of 0.50×10⁹/L， a sensitivity of 0.725， and a specificity of 0.400. ConclusionACLF combined with bacterial infections is mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria， with the common pathogens of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and a relatively high MDR rate in clinical practice. An increase in monocyte count can be used as an early warning indicator to distinguish MDR bacterial infection from non-MDR bacterial infection.

Objective To identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of young patients with sporadic rectal cancer liver metastasis(RCLM).Methods The clinical data of young RCLM patients at 45 years or under(n=40,as younger patient group)in Peking University First Hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were reviewed,meanwhile,elder RCLM patient group were comprised of 82 patients older than 45-year-old in a 1:2 ratio.Proportions of categorical variables were compared between young patients and old patients.The clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier method for demonstrating survival differences between the maximum diameter of liver metastasis and local therapy.Results One hundred and twenty-two RCLM patients were identified,the 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates of young patient group were 97.5%,47.5%,15.0%,those of elder patient group were 84.1%,26.8%,9.8%,respectively.The differences in BMI(P=0.008),primary tumor with obstruction and bleeding(P=0.006),synchronous rectal cancer liver metastases(P=0.005),the maximum diameter of liver metastasis>3 cm(P=0.019)were statistically significant between the two groups.And univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age(P=0.003),N stage(P=0.007),local therapy for liver metastases(P=0.047)and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis(P=0.030)were independent risk factors for influencing the prognosis of RCLM patients;curative resection or not of primary tumor(P=0.035)and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis(P=0.041)were independent risk factors for influencing the prognosis of young RCLM patients.Kaplan-Maier curve demonstrated survival differences between the maximum diameter of liver metastasis and local therapy for liver metastasis in RCLM patients(log-rank P=0.000).Conclusions Although with later staging of initial tumor station,young RCLM patients may obtain better survival benefit compared with old patients.Higher degree of lymph node metastasis,local therapy for liver metastases and the maximum diameter of liver metastasis>3 cm indicates poor prognosis in RCLM patients,and without curative resection of primary tumor and maximum diameter of liver metastasis are also considered as the independent poor prognostic factors of young RCLM patients.Local therapy for liver metastases appears to play an important role in the treatment strategy of RCLM patients.

By consulting the ancient and modern literature， the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods of Curculiginis Rhizoma（CR） were systematically combed and verified， in order to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing CR. The results of herbal textual research showed that the name Xianmao was first recorded in Leigong Paozhilun， the name of CR was used in all dynasties and this name came from its efficacy and morphological characteristics， the mainstream source for CR of the past dynasties was the rhizome of Curculigo orchioides or C. capitulata， since modern times， C. orchioides has been the main source of commodities. In ancient times， most of the places of origin of the description were the western regions and southwest China， while in modern times， Sichuan and Guizhou were regarded as genuine places. Since modern times， its quality has been summarized as the best with thick roots， firm texture and black-brown surface， the harvesting and processing methods recorded in the past dynasties are mainly sun drying after harvest in the second， eighth and ninth months of the lunar calendar， and most of them are harvested in autumn and winter in modern times. In ancient times， there were many processing methods of CR， mainly in processing with rice swill， while in modern times， stir-frying with wine was the main processing method. The nature， taste， meridian tropism， functions and indications of CR are basically consistent from ancient to modern times， the taboos for taking are to avoid iron， cow's milk， and beef. Although there are some differences in the understanding of the toxicity of CR in the past dynasties， most of the materia medica are clear that it has a certain toxicity. Based on the research conclusion， it is suggested that the rhizome of C. orchioides of Lycoris family should be used as its source in the famous classical formulas， and the corresponding processing method should be selected according to the processing requirements in the formulas， while the raw products is recommended to be selected as medicine if the processing requirement is not specified.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of adverse events of lurasidone in the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database by using Open Vigil FDA2.1,to enrich the experience and provide the basis for the clinical use of the drug in China.Methods Using Open Vigil FDA2.1,adverse event data were extracted from the FAERS database for a total of 51 quarters from the 4th quarter of 2010 to the 3rd quarter of 2023,and the ratio of reporting ratio(ROR)method and the proportional reporting ratio(PRR)method were used for data mining and analysis.Results A total of 32 728 adverse event reports with lurasidone as the first suspected drug was obtained,with a larger proportion of females(54.26％)and occurring mostly in adults(18 to 59 years).After the screening,326 preferred term(PT)signals were obtained,involving 20 system-organ classifications(injury,poisoning and procedural complications,general disorders and administration site conditions,psychiatric disorders,etc.).Among them,PTs with the higher frequency of occurrence included off label use,feeling abnormal,crying,anxiety,depression,insomnia,etc.PTs with stronger signal strength included activation syndrome,mania,tongue movement disturbance,hypoprolactinaemia,akathisia,etc.Multiple new suspected adverse drug reactions were unearthed,including hypoprolactinaemia,emotional poverty,stiff tongue,etc.Conclusion Lurasidone has a favorable safety profile,and women need to closely monitor prolactin levels when taking this medication.The drug is relatively safe for use in pregnant,puerperal and perinatal women and patients with poor metabolic function.Hypoprolactinaemia and restless leg syndrome are new rare suspected adverse events with lurasidone.

Background::Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and diameter, stiffness, and wave reflections, are independent and important clinical biomarkers and risk predictors for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to establish nationwide reference values of carotid properties for healthy Chinese adults and to explore potential clinical determinants.Methods::A total of 3053 healthy Han Chinese adults (1922 women) aged 18-79 years were enrolled at 28 collaborating tertiary centers throughout China between April 2021 and July 2022. The real-time tracking of common carotid artery walls was achieved by the radio frequency (RF) ultrasound system. The IMT, diameter, compliance coefficient, β stiffness, local pulse wave velocity (PWV), local systolic blood pressure, augmented pressure (AP), and augmentation index (AIx) were then automatically measured and reported. Data were stratified by age groups and sex. The relationships between age and carotid property parameters were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra test and simple linear regressions. The major clinical determinants of carotid properties were identified by Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and analyses of covariance.Results::All the parameters of carotid properties demonstrated significantly age-related trajectories. Women showed thinner IMT, smaller carotid diameter, larger AP, and AIx than men. The β stiffness and PWV were significantly higher in men than women before forties, but the differences reversed after that. The increase rate of carotid IMT (5.5 μm/year in women and 5.8 μm/year in men) and diameter (0.03 mm/year in both men and women) were similar between men and women. For the stiffness and wave reflections, women showed significantly larger age-related variations than men as demonstrated by steeper regression slopes (all P for age by sex interaction <0.05). The blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), and triglyceride levels were identified as major clinical determinants of carotid properties with adjustment of age and sex. Conclusions::The age- and sex-specific reference values of carotid properties measured by RF ultrasound for healthy Chinese adults were established. The blood pressures, BMI, and triglyceride levels should be considered for clinical application of corresponding reference values.

The post-translational modification of proteins is a key mechanism that imparts physiological functions to proteins,among which reversible phosphorylation modifications play a pivotal role in many biological processes.Aberrant changes in phosphorylation are often closely associated with various major disease processes.In recent years,with the aid of proteomic technologies and methods,high-throughput,high-precision qualitative and quantitative approaches for phosphorylated proteins have rapidly advanced.This article reviews the research progress of phosphorylated protein quantification and chemical proteomics analysis methods based on the"bottom-up"strategy,including phosphopeptide enrichment methods,mass spectrometry fragmentation methods,quantification analysis methods and phosphorylation site stoichiometry,and discusses the development trend of quantification and stoichiometric analysis methods for phosphorylated proteins.

Objective To understand the current situation of human brain donation in Hebei Province by analyzing the basic information of Human Brain Bank samples of Hebei Medical University in order to provide basic data support for subsequent scientific research.Methods The samples collected from the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University were analyzed(from December 2019 to February 2024),including gender,age,cause of death,as well as quality control data such as postmortem delay time,pH value of cerebrospinal fluid and and RNA integrity number and result of neuropathological diagnosis.Results Until February 2024,30 human brain samples were collected and stored in the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University,with a male to female ratio of 9∶1.Donors over 70 years old accounted for 53％.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases(36.67％)and nervous system diseases(23.33％)accounted for a high proportion of the death causes.The location of brain tissue donors in Shijiazhuang accounted for 90％donations,and the others were from outside the city.The postmortem delay time was relatively short,90％within 12 hours and 10％more than 12 hours.69.23％of the brain samples had RNA integrity values greater than 6.Cerebrospinal fluid pH values ranged from 5.8 to 7.5,with an average value of 6.60±0.45.Brain weights ranged from 906-1496 g,with an average value of(1210.78±197.84)g.Three apolipoprotein E(APOE)alleles were detected including five genotypes(ε2/ε3,ε2/ε4,ε3/ε3,ε3/ε4,ε4/ε4).Eleven staining methods related to neuropathological diagnosis had been established and used.A total of 12 cases were diagnosed as neurodegenerative diseases(including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,multiple system atrophy,corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy,etc.),accounting for 40％donated brains.The comorbidity rate of samples over 80 years old was 100％.Conclusion The summary and analyses of the data of brain donors in the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University can reflect the current situation of the construction and operation of the brain bank in Hebei Province,and it can also be more targeted to understand and identify potential donors.Our information can provide reference for the construction of brain bank and provides more reliable materials and data support for scientific research.

Clinically,renal angiomyolipoma(RAML)is a commonly-seen benign tumor of the kidney.Usually,it is accidentally found by physical examination or when the clinical relevant symptoms occur due to tumor rupture with bleeding or the tumor size becomes enlarged.Selective arterial embolization(SAE)has become the primary treatment for RAML.SAE can be used as a first-line treatment option in acute rupture with bleeding of RAML.Moreover,SAE is safe and effective in preventing RAML bleeding and other serious complications,which has already been proved.This review focuses on the indications and contraindications for SAE treatment of RAML,selection of embolization materials,evaluation of efficacy,complications and their prevention and treatment,etc.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:560-564)

Objective To design a portable intelligent cleaner for medical lumen instruments to enhance cleaning efficiency.Methods The portable intelligent cleaner had a box-body shape and a shell made of 304 stainless steel,which was composed of a circuit control board,a micro pump,lithium batteries,a charging interface,a rinse tube and connectors.The circuit control board used a STM32G030C8T6 integraged circuit,which was equipped with a countdown digital tube to display the time left for cleaning;the micro pump and lithium batteries were placed at the inner wall of the box bottom,the charging interface and water inlet/outlet inteface were put on the outside of the front wall of the box bottom,the water inlet/outlet interface was connected with a silicon rinse tube linked to an adapter at its distal end,and the adapters with different calibers were compatible with sizes of medical lumen instruments.Totally 9 672 pieces of lumen instruments received by some hospital's disinfection supply center from May to October 2021 were divided into 2 groups with the convenience sampling method,with 4 836 pieces in each group.The odd-numbered instruments were enrolled into a control group and cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner and a lumen brush,and the even-numbered instruments were included into an experimental group and cleaned conventionally after pretreatment by the intelligent cleaner.The two groups were compared in terms of eaning efficiency and satisfaction.Results Testing by visual inspection,magnifying glass with light source and white stripe method showed that the experimental group behaved better than the control group in the cleaning qualification rate,whose satisfaction rate(100％)was also higher than that of the control group(86.53％),with all the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The portable cleaner with easy operation enhances the cleaning quality and efficiency for medical lumen instruments.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(10):114-117]