This study evaluated the scientific nature and effectiveness of iterative optimization of prevention and control measures for local outbreaks caused by the BA.2 and BA.5.2 COVID-19 strains in Fujian Province in 2022,to provide a scientif-ic basis for responding to future new or recurrent respiratory infectious diseases.According to the theory of infectious disease dynamics,relevant information regarding the local epidemic situation caused by the BA.2 sub-type Omicron virus strain in March 2022 and BA.5.2 sub-type Omicron virus strain in October 2022 in Fujian Province was collected.The susceptible exposed infectious removed(SEIAR)model of COVID-19 infection with a latent period and asymptomatic infected persons was used to analyze the transmission dynam-ics of two local epidemic situations,and evaluate the preven-tion and control effects.The incubation period of the BA.2 epidemic was 3 days(1～9 days),the intergenerational inter-val was 3 days(1～5 days),and the initial Rt was 3.0(95％CI:2.7～3.3).The incubation period of the BA.5.2 epidemic was 2 days(1～6 days),the intergenerational interval was 1 day(0～2 days),and the initial R,was 1.9(95％CI:1.7～2.1).The fittingresults for the BA.2 and BA.5.2 epidemics were good,and no statistical difference was observed between the predic-ted and actual numbers of cases(x2BA.2=31.53,x2BA.5.2=27.88,P＞0.05).If an emergency response had not been initiated,the BA.2 epidemic would have continued to spread andpeak on April 7th,with an estimated 638 035 cases.The BA.5.2 epidemic would have rapidly spread,reaching a peak on November 14th,with an estimated 685 940 cases.If one incubation period were detected early,the scale of the BA.2 epidemic would have decreased by 25.73％;if two incubation periods were detected early,the scale would have decreased by 79.56％,and if one incubation period had been delayed,the scale would have expanded by 13.72％.If one incubation period had been detected early in the BA.5.2 epidemic,the scale would have decreased by 35.04％;if two incubation periods had been detected early,the scale would have decreased by 92.47％;and if one incubation period had been delayed,the scale would have increased by 19.75％.The guiding ideology,and the prevention and control measures for handling two local epidemics were optimized and iterated.Our study indicated that implementing the"four early"measures ef-fectively decreased the scale of the epidemic,and earlier detection was associated with more significant control effects.This study provides valuable information for the prevention and control of new or recurrent respiratory infectious diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect of calsurf, a domestic exogenous pulmonary surfactant, in the treatment of severe neonatal infectious pneumonia. METHODS: A total of 208 neonates with severe infectious pneumonia who hospitalized in 5 hospitals of China were enrolled. According to their parents' wishes on admission, these neonates were administered with conventional treatment (control group; n=81) and calsurf  treatment + conventional treatment (calsurf treatment group, n=127). The two groups were compared in terms of the degree of oxygen dependence on admission, blood gas parameters before and after treatment, lung ultrasound results, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, hospital costs, complications and prognosis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group on admission, the calsurf treatment group had significantly higher inhaled oxygen concentration and partial pressure of carbon dioxide and significantly lower arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index (P<0.01). After 1 hour of treatment, both groups had significant improvements in the above indices (P<0.05), and the improvements were more significant in the calsurf treatment group (P<0.05). After 4-6 hours of calsurf administration, there was a significant reduction in the degree of pulmonary consolidation. The calsurf treatment group had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay than the control group, while there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of complications between the two groups. The neonates of both groups had a good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS In neonates with severe infectious pneumonia, calsurf treatment can significantly improve oxygenation, reduce the degree of pulmonary consolidation, and shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay. Therefore, it should be considered in neonates with severe infectious pneumonia.
China ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pneumonia ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; Respiration, Artificial

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of olanzapine and risperidone in treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Methods A total of 68 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia were randomly assigned to olanzapine group and risperidone group, and received olanzapine or risperidone treatment for 12 weeks respectively.The efficacy and adverse events were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS) at week 0 and 1,2,4,8,12.Results The PANSS scores in both groups decreased significantly after treatment (P< 0.05-0.01).The PANSS total score and negative syndrome score in olanzapine group were significant lower than that in risperidone group at each time point from 2nd weekend after treatment (P<0.05 - 0.01 ).The CGI-SI score in both groups decreased significantly after treatment ( P < 0.05 - 0.01 ).The differences in CGI-SI score at each time point in both groups were not significant (P>0.05).The response rate was higher in olanzapine group than risperidone group ( P<0.05).There were similar rates of side effects between both groups(P>0.05), with olanzapine being associated with more weight gain, and risperidone with more akathisia, abnormal lactation and/or menostasia,hypermyotonia.Conclusion The results suggest olanzapine be of good efficacy and less side effects in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia in comparison with risperidone.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of olanzapine and risperidone in treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Methods A total of 68 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia were randomly assigned to olanzapine group and risperidone group, and received olanzapine or risperidone treatment for 12 weeks respectively.The efficacy and adverse events were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS) at week 0 and 1,2,4,8,12.Results The PANSS scores in both groups decreased significantly after treatment (P< 0.05-0.01).The PANSS total score and negative syndrome score in olanzapine group were significant lower than that in risperidone group at each time point from 2nd weekend after treatment (P<0.05 - 0.01 ).The CGI-SI score in both groups decreased significantly after treatment ( P < 0.05 - 0.01 ).The differences in CGI-SI score at each time point in both groups were not significant (P>0.05).The response rate was higher in olanzapine group than risperidone group ( P<0.05).There were similar rates of side effects between both groups(P>0.05), with olanzapine being associated with more weight gain, and risperidone with more akathisia, abnormal lactation and/or menostasia,hypermyotonia.Conclusion The results suggest olanzapine be of good efficacy and less side effects in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia in comparison with risperidone.

Objective To study the first locally identifcd A/HINI secondary cases outbreak in China. Methods Interview and field investigation were integrated to describe the whole process of transmission on each case and to illustrate the relationships between the onset of the disease and the retated factors. Results Two contact persons appearanced fever and whose throat swabs were tested positive to H1N1 viral nucleic acid. The two had a history of contact in a short distance with the initial imported case without any protective measure in the poor air ventilation. The patients clinical situation was slight. The incubation was between 37 hours and 57 hours. No other new case was found after intervention as isolation and antisepsis were taken. Conclusion This event was proved to be an outbreak of local A/H1N1 secondary cases caused by the imported case. The main mode of transmission was personal contact in a short distance without protection, through air and droplet. The locus with poor air ventilation was high risk place. Contact persons should be observed seven days and tested continuously.Infectivity and pathogenicity of the A/H1N1 virus were limited and appeared weakened by generations. Patient's condition was related with persistence and frequency of contact with the infection sources. Enhancing management of contact persons, health education, early diagnose, early treatment and early insulation were effective measures of controling and prenventing the spread A/H1N1.