ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase （JAK） inhibitors combined with Chinese herbal medicine （CHM） in treating rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. MethodsClinical data from 169 RA patients were retrospectively collected. Among them， 71 cases received JAK inhibitors as the control group， while 98 cases received JAK inhibitors plus CHM as the observation group， both treated for 24 weeks. The rheumatoid factor （RF）， cyclic citic peptide antibody （anti-CCP）， erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）， C-reactive protein （CRP）， and white blood cell count （WBC） were recorded before and after treatment. Databases including CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception till August 31st， 2025 for randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on the combined use of JAK inhibitors and CHM for RA. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analyses were performed for RF， anti-CCP， ESR， CRP， 28-joint disease activity score （DAS28）， overall clinical effective rate， and incidence of adverse events. Sensitivity analysis were also performed. ResultsThe retrospective study demonstrated that after treatment， ESR， CRP， and anti-CCP levels decreased in the observation group， while ESR and CRP levels decreased in the control group （P＜0.05）. Moreover， ESR and RF levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P＜0.05）. A total of 9 RCTs involving 770 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that the JAK inhibitors plus CHM group was superior to the JAK inhibitors group in reducing RF （MD=-8.97， 95%CI -15.01 to -2.94， P=0.004）， CRP （MD=-3.34， 95%CI -3.82 to -2.86， P＜0.001）， ESR （MD=-5.33， 95%CI -7.98 to -2.69， P＜0.001）， and DAS28 score （MD=-0.54， 95%CI -0.74 to -0.34， P＜0.001）， as well as in improving the overall clinical effective rate （OR=4.53， 95%CI 2.55 to 8.03， P＜0.001）. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in anti-CCP levels （SMD=-2.08， 95%CI -4.41 to 0.24， P=0.080） or incidence of adverse events （OR=0.93， 95%CI 0.55 to 1.57， P=0.790）. ConclusionThe combination of JAK inhibitors and CHM demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating RA， contributing to improved disease activity and reduced inflammatory markers with a favorable safety profile.

Objective To investigate the influence of modified Shashen Maidong Decoction combined with Camrelizumab immunotherapy plus chemotherapy on the efficacy,survival status and serum cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA21-1)and neuron-specific enolase(NSE)levels in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Forty patients with advanced NSCLC of lung-stomach yin deficiency with intense heat-toxin type were randomly divided into a control group and a study group,with 20 patients in each group.The patients in the control group were given Camrelizumab immunotherapy plus chemotherapy,and the patients in the study group were given modified Shashen Maidong Decoction combined with Camrelizumab immunotherapy plus chemotherapy,with 21 days as a course of treatment and for a total of 4 courses of treatment.The changes of serum NSE and CYFRA21-1 levels in the two groups before and after treatment were observed,and the clinical efficacy,survival status and the incidence of toxic and side effects were compared between the two groups.Results(1)After 4 courses of treatment,the total effective rate of the study group was 70.00%(14/20),which was significantly higher than that of the control group(9/20,45.00%),but the intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(2)After 2 years of follow-up,the overall survival(OS),time to progression(TTP),and progression-free survival(PFS)of the patients in the study group were significantly prolonged compared with those in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the serum NSE and CYFRA21-1 levels of the patients in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of serum NSE and CYFRA21-1 levels in the study group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)The incidence of toxic and side effects in the study group was 25.00%(5/20),which was significantly lower than that of 65.00%(13/20)in the control group,and the intergroup comparison showed that the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Modified Shashen Maidong Decoction combined with Camrelizumab immunotherapy plus chemotherapy has satisfactory therapeutic effect on patients with advanced NSCLC,which can reduce the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy,lower the level of serum tumor markers,and prolong the survival period and time to progression(TTP)of the patients.

Through consulting the ancient herbs， medical books and modern literature， this paper made textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， collection and processing of medicinal materials of Sang （Mori Folium， Mori Cortex， Mori Ramulus， Mori Fructus） in famous classical formulas， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing medicinal materials of Sang. According to the research， Mori Folium and Mori Cortex were first used as medicines in Shengnong Bencaojing ， Mori Ramulus was first used as medicine in Jinxiaofang， and Mori Fructus was first used as medicine in Xinxiu Bencao. Before the Tang dynasty， there were Nyusang and Shansang. Since Tang dynasty， there were many sources of medicinal materials of Sang， including Baisang （Morus alba）， Jisang （M. australis）， Shansang （M. mongolica）， etc. According to textual research， the mainstream varieties were M. australis， M. alba and their cultivated varieties. In modern times， according to the relevant information and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia， M. alba is the original base. In ancient times， the origin of mulberry changed with the development of sericulture， mulberry has been widely planted since the Song dynasty. In the Ming and Qing dynasties， mulberry has been planted most in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In modern times， they are mainly produced in Jiangsu， Zhejiang， Anhui， Hunan and other places. In recent years， due to the related policies and strategies such as "moving silkworms from east to west"， the center of silkworm breeding has gradually transferred to the west. As for the quality evaluation and harvesting and processing of mulberry medicinal materials， Most of the ancient and modern records of Mori Folium are the same. They are harvested after frost， and dried after removing impurities. The quality is better when the leaves are large and thick， yellowish green， holding prickly hands and undergoing frost. The harvesting period of Mori Cortex is slightly different in ancient and modern records. Ancient books record that it can be harvested all the year round， but in modern times， it is mostly harvested from late autumn to the next spring. The processing methods include removing soil and fibrous roots， scraping off yellow-brown rough skin， peeling off white skin and drying in the sun. The quality is better when they are white， thick， flexible， free of rough skin and full of powder. There are few records about the collection， processing and quality evaluation of Mori Ramulus and Mori Fructus in ancient Chinese herbal books. According to modern literature， Mori Ramulus is usually collected in late spring and early summer， with leaves removed， slightly dried， sliced while fresh， and dried in the sun. The best quality of Mori Ramulus is fine and tender with the yellow and white section. Mori Fructus is harvested from April to June when the fruit turns red， and dried in the sun， or slightly steamed and dried in the sun， and it is better to be big， dark purple， oily and thick. There are many processing methods of mulberry medicinal materials. Ancient books record stir frying， baking， burning and steaming of Mori Folium， in modern times， there is honey-roasted method， but most of them are used as raw products. In ancient materia medica， Mori Cortex has firing method， baking method， stir-frying method， honey-fried method， etc. In modern times， there are stir-fried and honey-fried methods， and most of them are used as raw products. Ancient books record that Mori Ramulus has cutting and frying methods， while modern ones have cutting， frying， wine-processed and bran-processed methods. Processing methods of Mori Fructus are consistent in ancient and modern times， and they are mostly dried after being cleaned or steamed. Based on the research results， it is suggested that M. alba should be selected as mulberry medicinal materials in the famous classical formulas， and appropriate medicinal parts and processing methods can be selected according to the indications of the famous classical formulas.

In this paper， the name， origin， producing area and other aspects of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba in the famous classical formulas were carried out by consulting herbal literature， medical books， prescription books in the past dynasties and related modern documents. Through the textual research， it can be seen that the name of Bohe was used as the correct name in the mainstream of the past dynasties， and there were still multiple synonyms， most of which originated from the false transmission of dialectal accent， producing area and efficacy. There are many varieties recorded in the literature of the past dynasties such as Bohe， Longnao Bohe， Hubohe and Shibohe. According to the textual research， Bohe， Longnao Bohe and Yebohe are consistent with Mentha haplocalyx， whcih is the mainstream variety. Longnao Bohe is named for its form of producing area， Shibohe is Mosla chinensis， Daye Bohe is Agastache rugosa， and Nanbohe is M. crispata. Menthae Haplocalycis Herba has been widely planted since Tang dynasty. It was mainly grown in Jiangsu， Zhejiang， Jiangxi and Sichuan in Ming and Qing dynasties， and Jiangsu is the genuine production area. Its quality is best if it has dry body， no roots， many leaves， green color and strong smell. In ancient times， the stems and leaves of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba were often picked and dried in summer and autumn， which is basically the same as the records of modern times when the stems and leaves are luxuriant in summer and autumn， or when the flowers bloom to three rounds， they are picked in sunny days and cut in different times， and then dried in the sun or in the shade， and the raw products was often used as medicine in ancient and modern times. Before the Song dynasty， Menthae Haplocalycis Herba was recorded as pungent and warm. Until the Song dynasty， it was written as “extremely cool” in Lyuchanyan Bencao. It may have been thought in the early stage that it was similar to several warm herbs， such as Perilla frutescens， Stachys japonica， Elsholtzia ciliata and M. chinensis in appearance， all of which have the function of Xinsan， so it was recorded as warm. Since the Qing dynasty， Menthae Haplocalycis Herba has been recorded as cool property in the mainstream materia medica， Menthae Haplocalycis Herba recorded as pungent and cool in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， and its effect is to dissipate wind heat， clear the head， relieve the pharynx and so on， the records of efficacy in ancient and modern times are basically the same. Based on the research results， it is suggested that raw products of M. haplocalyx should be selected when developing the famous classical formulas containing Menthae Haplocalycis Herba.

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children aged 0-6 years. METHODS: A total of 826 healthy Han children aged 0-6 years were recruited. According to their age, the children were divided into four groups: newborn, infant, toddler and preschool. Their peripheral blood samples were collected to measure the percentages of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the percentages of CD3 T cells, CD3CD4 T cells and CD3CD19 B cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio between boys and girls (P<0.05). The girls had a lower percentage of CD3CD19 B cells, higher percentages of CD3 T cells and CD3CD4 T cells and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio than the boys. The newborn group had the highest percentages of CD3 T cells and CD3CD4 T cells and the highest CD4/CD8 ratio (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3CD4 T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio gradually decreased with age and the preschool group had the lowest values (P<0.05). The newborn group had the lowest percentages of CD3CD19 B cells and CD3CD16CD56 NK cells (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3CD16CD56 NK cells gradually increased with age and the preschool group had the highest percentage (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3CD19 B cells reached the peak in the toddler period and then decreased with age (P<0.05). The preschool group had the highest percentage of CD3CD8 T cells (P<0.05). The variation trend of distribution of lymphocyte subsets in boys from different age groups was consistent with that in children from different age groups. For girls, the newborn group had the highest percentage of CD3CD4 T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children is significantly different across ages and sexes. Therefore, the reference values should be established according to age and sex.
Antigens, CD19 ; B-Lymphocytes ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Male

Objective To investigate the learning curve of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography ( CEUS) in sentinel lymph node( SLN ) of breast cancer and provide a theoretical basis for leaners to learn SLN CEUS . Methods The multi-center study of SLN CEUS in breast cancer" was planned by Sichuan Cancer Hospital . According to the uniform inclusion and exclusion criteria , 511 patients with complete clinical data and follow-up results from 9 hospitals in Multi-center were included in this study . According to the inspection time ,the patients were divided into 3 groups named as group A ( 170 patients) ,group B ( 170 patients) and group C ( 171 patients ) ,respectively . The basic clinical data ,ultrasound imaging data , intraoperative and postoperative pathological findings of all patients were recorded . With the accumulation of cases examined ,analysis was performed to find the learning curve of the SLN CEUS examination time , SLN CEUS detection rate ,SLN CEUS surface marking accuracy rate and SLN CEUS diagnosis rate ,the learning curve was analyzed . Results ① There was no statistical significant difference in patients ages , tumors sizes ,tumors locations ,SLNs numbers and LCs numbers among the three groups( all P > 0 .05) . ②As the number of cases examined increases ,the examination time was reduced gradually ,but SLN detection rate ,surface marking accuracy and SLN diagnostic coincidence rate were increased gradually( F = 151 .75 , 1 .96 ,7 .49 ,5 .50 ; P = 0 .000 ,0 .143 ,0 .001 ,0 .005 ) . Conclusions The skill of the doctor is improved gradually when learning SLN CEUS . With the number of the cases increase ,the operating time of SLN CEUS is shorted ,and the SLN detection rate ,surface marking accuracy and SLN diagnostic coincidence rate of SLN-CEUS are gradually increased . It has an important clinical significance for beginners to learn the SLN CEUS technology .

Objective To investigate the effects of different extracts of pericarpium citri reticulatae (PCR) and pogostemon cablin benth (PCB) on the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and the level of gastrointestinal hormones in rat model of gastrointestinal motility disorder. Methods Seventy Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups of control, model, water extractive of PCR, hesperidin, water extractive of PCB, water extractive of PCB plus volatile oil and patchouli alcohol, ten rats in each group. Except the control group, the rest groups were established gastrointestinal motor disorder model via limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR). After modeling rats of groups were intervened with corresponding extracts. The effects of different extracts on contraction amplitude of corpora ventriculi and small intestine smooth muscle were observed. The levels of gastrointestinal hormones including motilin (MOT), gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK) and somatostatin (SS) were detected by radioimmunoassay. Results The contraction amplitudes of corpora ventriculi and small intestine smooth muscle were decreased (P<0.05), the serum level of GAS and plasma level of MOT were also significantly decreased, while CCK and SS levels in the gastric antrum were significantly increased in model group than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Water extractive of PCR, hesperidin, water extractive of PCB and water extractive of PCB +patchouli oil can increase the contraction amplitudes of corpora ventriculi and small intestine smooth muscle, increase the serum level of GAS and reduce levels of CCK and SS in the gastric antrum (P<0.05), whereas showed no influence in the plasma level of MOT (P>0.05)]. Compared with model group, patchouli alcohol showed no influence in the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and levels of MOT, GAS, CCK and SS (P>0.05). In the aspect of regulating the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and the level of GAS, CCK and SS, the pharmacological effect of PCR water extract was better than that of hesperidin (P<0.05), while water extractive of PCB+volatile oil was better than that of water extractive of PCB (P < 0.05). Conclusion The active ingredients of PCR and PCB have variant regulative effects on the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and the serum level of GAS, CCK and SS in the gastric antrum in rat model of gastrointestinal motility disorder.

OBJECTIVEThis study was to investigate the cell morphology and cell immune phenotypic characteristics in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

METHODSThe flow cytometry with multiparametric direct immunofluorescence technique, and CD45/SSC and CD38(+)(+)/CD138(+) gating were used to measure cell markers CD138, CD38, CD56, CD117, CD3, CD13, CD33, CD19, CD7, CD20, CD22, CD34, CD28 in 47 MM patients. At the same time the morphology examination of bone marrow cells was performed.

RESULTSThe suspicious myeloma cell ratio in MM patients was 9.42%-74.25% detected by flow cytometry, moreover, the myeloma cell ratio detected by morphology examination was 11.0%-80.6%, there was a good correlation between the two detection methods (r(2) = 0.54, P < 0.001). The ratio of antigen positive expression was as follows: 74.46% for CD138, 100% for CD38, 57.44% for CD56, 40.42% for CD117, 6.38% for CD13, 19.15% for CD33, 8.51% for CD20, 27.66% for CD28, 2.12% for CD22, 4.25% for CD34, 0% for CD3, 0% for CD19, 0% for CD7.

CONCLUSIONSCD45/SSC and CD38(+)/CD138(+) gating technique can accurately gate multiple myeloma cell sets which need analysis, the majority of myeloma cells expreses CD138, CD38, CD56 antigens. The immunophenotypic analysis combined with the cell morphology examination more contribute to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

Objective To assess the accuracy of a wrist-worn device (Watch-PAT 200) in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Forty-three adult subjects with suspected OSAHS simultaneously had a standard in-laboratory polysomnogram (PSG) and wore the WatchPAT 200 during a full-night recording.PSG sleep and respiratory events were scored according to standard criteria. The PSG recordings were blindly manually analyzed, while Watch-PAT data were scored automatically based on the algorithm developed previously.Results The mean age of the subjects was (42.2 ± 12.2) years ((x) ±s),and mean body mass index was (28.0 ±3.9) kg/m2.Mean PSG apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was (34.9 ± 29.9) events per hour,and mean PAT-AHI was (36.0 ± 29.2) events per hour.There was a significant correlation between PAT AHI and AHI by PSG (r =0.931,P ＜0.01 ).A Bland-Altman plot of PAT AHI and PSG AHI was also used to assess the accuracy of Watch-PAT 200.At lower levels of AHI,PAT tended to overestimate disease severity,while at higher levels of AHI,Watch-PAT underestimated severity.To assess sensitivity and specificity of Watch-PAT,constructed receiver operator characteristic curves using a variety of AHI threshold values (5,15 and 30 events per hour).For AHI ≥5events per hour as threshold value,the Watch-PAT diagnosing rate was 93％,and sensitivity as well as specificity were 94.7％ and 80.0％.The misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate were 20.0％ and 5.3％.Optimal combinations of sensitivity and specificity for the AHI threshold values ( 15 and 30 events per hour) were 82.6％ and 100.0％,95.0％ and 95.7％ respectively.Conclusion The Watch-PAT 200 may offer an accurate,robust,and reliable ambulatory method for the detection of OSAHS,with minimal patient discomfort.

Caenorhabditis elegans hid-1 gene was first identified in a screen for mutants with a high-temperature-induced dauer formation (Hid) phenotype. Despite the fact that the hid-1 gene encodes a novel protein (HID-1) which is highly conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals, the domain structure, subcellular localization, and exact function of HID-1 remain unknown. Previous studies and various bioinformatic softwares predicted that HID-1 contained many transmembrane domains but no known functional domain. In this study, we revealed that mammalian HID-1 localized to the medial- and trans- Golgi apparatus as well as the cytosol, and the localization was sensitive to brefeldin A treatment. Next, we demonstrated that HID-1 was a peripheral membrane protein and dynamically shuttled between the Golgi apparatus and the cytosol. Finally, we verified that a conserved N-terminal myristoylation site was required for HID-1 binding to the Golgi apparatus. We propose that HID-1 is probably involved in the intracellular trafficking within the Golgi region.
Animals ; Brefeldin A ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytosol ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Space ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Protein Transport ; drug effects ; Rats ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; trans-Golgi Network ; drug effects ; metabolism