Therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） is the core approach for individualized precision medication in clinical practice. Based on pharmacokinetics, it quantitatively measures in vivo drug concentrations using modern analytical techniques, mainly applied to drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, significant adverse reactions, and large interindividual pharmacokinetic variability across multiple categories. TDM plays an irreplaceable role in optimizing therapeutic regimens, reducing drug toxicity, and enhancing rational clinical drug use. TDM-applicable drugs were systematically reviewed in this paper, focusing on the working principles, clinical applications, advantages and limitations of mainstream analytical techniques （immunoassay, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry，LC-MS/MS） and emerging ones （surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry）, which provided a valuable reference for the standardized clinical application of TDM, rational selection of analytical methods, and subsequent technological research and development.

Objective To analyze the literature about Xiaoxianxiong Decoction based on the bibliometric method;To explore the research status and hotspots and trend of Xiaoxianxiong Decoction.Methods Relevant literature about Xiaoxianxiong Decoction was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM from the establishment of the databases to January 26,2024.NoteExpress 3.5.0 and CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software were used to sort out the data related to authors,institutions and keywords,and draw maps for analysis.Results After screening,a total of 1 023 articles were included,and the number of publications is on the rise.The journal with the most articles was Journal of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine(35 articles),Journal of New Chinese Medicine(32 articles),and Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine(30 articles).The literature type was the most with the number of clinical applications,accounting for 40.08%(410 articles).Totally 884 authors were included,and the authors with the most articles were Sun Qinguo(10 articles),Liu Yujie(10 articles)and Geng Yun(8 articles).A total of 782 institutions were included,and the institution with the most articles was Hubei University of Chinese Medicine(35 articles),Hunan University of Chinese Medicine(18 articles),Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(15 articles),etc.A total of 871 keywords were included,forming 10 clusters.The keywords with high frequency and betweeness centrality were"classic formulas","coronary heart disease","experience of famous doctors","angina"and"medical records".Conclusion The research on Xiaoxianxiong Decoction continues to gain popularity.Research hotspots include clinical applications,the experience of famous doctors,and basic research.It has a wide range of disease types,mainly focusing on syndrome differentiation and treatment of phlegm heat syndrome of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.In recent years,it has gradually expanded to diabetes,gastric cancer and other diseases.

Objective To analyze the literature about Xiaoxianxiong Decoction based on the bibliometric method;To explore the research status and hotspots and trend of Xiaoxianxiong Decoction.Methods Relevant literature about Xiaoxianxiong Decoction was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM from the establishment of the databases to January 26,2024.NoteExpress 3.5.0 and CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software were used to sort out the data related to authors,institutions and keywords,and draw maps for analysis.Results After screening,a total of 1 023 articles were included,and the number of publications is on the rise.The journal with the most articles was Journal of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine(35 articles),Journal of New Chinese Medicine(32 articles),and Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine(30 articles).The literature type was the most with the number of clinical applications,accounting for 40.08%(410 articles).Totally 884 authors were included,and the authors with the most articles were Sun Qinguo(10 articles),Liu Yujie(10 articles)and Geng Yun(8 articles).A total of 782 institutions were included,and the institution with the most articles was Hubei University of Chinese Medicine(35 articles),Hunan University of Chinese Medicine(18 articles),Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(15 articles),etc.A total of 871 keywords were included,forming 10 clusters.The keywords with high frequency and betweeness centrality were"classic formulas","coronary heart disease","experience of famous doctors","angina"and"medical records".Conclusion The research on Xiaoxianxiong Decoction continues to gain popularity.Research hotspots include clinical applications,the experience of famous doctors,and basic research.It has a wide range of disease types,mainly focusing on syndrome differentiation and treatment of phlegm heat syndrome of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris.In recent years,it has gradually expanded to diabetes,gastric cancer and other diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of white noise on reducing procedural pain of premature infants.Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of white noise on reducing procedural pain in premature infants were searched for in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database and China Biology Medicine disc. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to January 12, 2023. After independent literature screening, data extraction and bias risk assessment by two researchers, Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 8 RCTs with 689 premature infants were finally included. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional procedures, the use of white noise alone could reduce the pain score ( SMD=-2.29, 95% CI: -2.78--1.79, P<0.000 01) in preterm infants during and after procedures ( SMD=-2.55, 95% CI: -4.52--0.58, P=0.01) , reduce the heart rate ( MD=-7.38, 95% CI: -7.97--6.80, P<0.000 01) during and after procedures ( MD=-10.36, 95% CI: -13.58--7.14, P<0.000 01) , and increase blood oxygen saturation during operation ( MD=3.78, 95% CI: 3.54-4.02, P<0.000 01) and after operation ( MD=2.19, 95% CI: 1.84-2.54, P<0.000 01) . Conclusions:White noise can effectively relieve the procedural pain of premature infants and maintain the stability of physiological indicators. In the future, more high-quality and large sample randomized controlled trials should be conducted to verify the application effect of white noise in relieving pain of premature infants.

Placental blood transfusion can be achieved by delayed cord clamping and umbilical cord milking.The World Health Organization has proposed delayed cord clamping as the standard care for newborns that do not require resuscitation.In recent years, umbilical cord milking has become an alternative to delayed cord clamping due to the short duration, quick recovery of the fetus after delivery, and similar effect on placental blood transfusion to that of the delayed cord clamping.This study aims to summarize the research results of the two intervention methods, and their potential benefits and risks, aiming to provide references for the optimal umbilical cord cutting.

Intestinal disorders often co-occur with inflammation and dysmotility. However, drugs which simultaneously improve intestinal inflammation and co-occurring dysmotility are rarely reported. Atractylodin, a widely used herbal medicine, is used to treat digestive disorders. The present study was designed to characterize the effects of atractylodin on amelioration of both jejunal inflammation and the co-occurring dysmotility in both constipation-prominent (CP) and diarrhea-prominent (DP) rats. The results indicated that atractylodin reduced proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the plasma and inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators iNOS and NF-kappa B in jejunal segments in both CP and DP rats. The results indicated that atractylodin exerted stimulatory effects and inhibitory effects on the contractility of jejunal segments isolated from CP and DP rats respectively, showing a contractile-state-dependent regulation. Atractylodin-induced contractile-state-dependent regulation was also observed by using rat jejunal segments in low and high contractile states respectively (5 pairs of low/high contractile states). Atractylodin up-regulated the decreased phosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain, protein contents of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and MLCK mRNA expression in jejunal segments of CP rats and down-regulated those increased parameters in DP rats. Taken together, atractylodin alleviated rat jejunal inflammation and exerted contractile-state-dependent regulation on the contractility of jejunal segments isolated from CP and DP rats respectively, suggesting the potential clinical implication for ameliorating intestinal inflammation and co-occurring dysmotility.
Animals ; Constipation* ; Cytokines ; Diarrhea* ; Herbal Medicine ; Inflammation* ; Interleukin-6 ; Myosin Light Chains ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase ; NF-kappa B ; Phosphorylation ; Plasma ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger