Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) resources refer to the total reserves of plants, animals, and minerals that can be used as raw materials of TCM(including Chinese medicial materials, TCM decoction pieces, TCM dispensing granules, traditional Chinese patent medicine, and TCM hospital preparation) and folk herbal medicine, which served as the material basis of inheritance, innovation, and development of TCM. In recent years, the sustainable utilization of TCM resources has received high attention and acquired a series of significant achievements in resource survey, quality evaluation, resource protection, innovative technology, and development and utilization, which effectively promoted the sustainable utilization of TCM resources and high-quality development of the TCM industry. The most urgent issue currently is to shift the focus of the research on the sustainable utilization of TCM resources from a sustainable utilization technology system to a sustainable utilization evaluation indicator system. Therefore, in order to objectively evaluate the ability, level, and trend of the sustainable utilization of TCM resources, an evaluation indicator system for sustainable utilization of TCM resources(EIS-TCMRSU) and methods for measuring and determining various standards and indicators were innovatively constructed. With the support of economic policies and scientific regulation of TCM policies, emerging technologies and new tools and methods could be applied to achieve the strategic goals of sustainable utilization and sustainable development of TCM resources. Based on the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR) model, key indicators including resource driving force, environmental pressure, resource state, socio-economic impact, and management response were determined by analyzing the industry chain bottleneck problems and development factors related to the sustainable utilization of TCM resources. According to the scientific, systematic, comparable, dynamic, and operable principles, the EIS-TCMRSU theoretical system was constructed to accurately reflect the ability and development trend of the sustainable utilization of TCM resources and promote the EIS-TCMRSU research from theoretical exploration to practical application. It ensured objective evaluation of the level and ability of sustainable utilization of TCM resources and provided a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the sustainable utilization and sustainable development of TCM resources. In addition, it is of great significance for promoting high-level safety supervision of TCM and high-quality development of the TCM industry.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/economics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/economics* ; Humans ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry*

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hyperlipidemia in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and explore the effect of genetic and environmental factors on hyperlipidemia. Methods: Twins recruited from the CNTR in 11 project areas across China were included in the study. A total of 69 130 (34 565 pairs) of adult twins with complete information on hyperlipidemia were selected for analysis. The random effect model was used to characterize the population and regional distribution of hyperlipidemia among twins. The concordance rates of hyperlipidemia were calculated in monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ), respectively, to estimate the heritability. Results: The age of all participants was (34.2±12.4) years. This study's prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 1.3% (895/69 130). Twin pairs who were men, older, living in urban areas, married,had junior college degree or above, overweight, obese, insufficient physical activity, current smokers, ex-smokers, current drinkers, and ex-drinkers had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (P<0.05). In within-pair analysis, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia was 29.1% (118/405) in MZ and 18.1% (57/315) in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. Further, in within-same-sex twin pair analyses, the heritability of hyperlipidemia was 13.04% (95%CI: 2.61%-23.47%) in the northern group and 18.59% (95%CI: 4.43%-32.74%) in the female group, respectively. Conclusions: Adult twins were included in this study and were found to have a lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia than in the general population study, with population and regional differences. Genetic factors influence hyperlipidemia, but the genetic effect may vary with gender and area.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Diseases in Twins/genetics* ; Hyperlipidemias/genetics* ; Metabolic Diseases ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province. METHODS: We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed. RESULTS: The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α ^3.7/αα (50.23%) and β ^IVS-II-654/β ^N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Hemoglobinopathies/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

OBJECTIVE: To construct a mouse model of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) with ITGA2B c.2659 C>T (p.Q887X) nonsense mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and then further explore the expression and function of glycoprotein αIIbβ3 on the surface of platelet membrane. METHODS: The donor oligonucleotide and gRNA vector were designed and synthesized according to the ITGA2B gene sequence. The gRNA and Cas9 mRNA were injected into fertilized eggs with donor oligonucleotide and then sent back to the oviduct of surrogate mouse. Positive F0 mice were confirmed by PCR genotyping and sequence analysis after birth. The F1 generation of heterozygous GT mice were obtained by PCR and sequencing from F0 bred with WT mice, and then homozygous GT mice and WT mice were obtained by mating with each other. The phenotype of the model was then further verified by detecting tail hemorrhage time, saphenous vein bleeding time, platelet aggregation, expression and function of αIIbβ3 on the surface of platelet. RESULTS: The bleeding time of GT mice was significantly longer than that of WT mice (P<0.01). Induced by collagen, thrombin, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelet aggregation in GT mice was significantly inhibited (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the expression of αIIbβ3 on the platelet surface of GT mice decreased significantly compared with WT mice (P<0.01), and binding amounts of activated platelets to fibrinogen were significantly reduced after thrombin stimulation (P<0.01). The spreading area of platelet on fibrinogen in GT mice was significantly smaller than that in WT mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A GT mouse model with ITGA2B c.2659 C>T (p.Q887X) nonsense mutation has been established successfully by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The aggregation function of platelet in this model is defective, which is consistent with GT performance.
Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Codon, Nonsense ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibrinogen/genetics* ; Humans ; Integrin alpha2/genetics* ; Mice ; Oligonucleotides ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/genetics* ; RNA, Guide ; Thrombasthenia/genetics* ; Thrombin/genetics*

Objective:To summarize the clinical features and gene phenotype of children with spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation (SPENCDI) caused by ACP5 gene mutation. Methods:The medical data and genetic phenotype of a child diagnosed with SPENCDI in the Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in February 23, 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.Besides, " spondyloenchondrodysplasia" were taken as the search terms to perform the retrieval in CNKI, Wanfang Data, and PubMed, in an attempt to conduct the literature review.χ 2 test was used to compare the factors among children with different mutations. Results:The 4.5-year-old girl was admitted to hospital for complaint of " fever and chilblain-like rash" when she was 2 years old.She was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) concomitant with lupus nephritis.Methylprednisolone combined with cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil was used for the treatment.However, she experienced multiple infections, thrombocytopenia, limp, and growth retardation during the treatment.Genetic detection identified ACP5 gene compound hybrid mutation: c.779C>A and c. 770T>C.She was diagnosed with SPENCDI, and was subjected to follow-up.A total of 78 SPENCDI patients were retrieved from the databases, with various clinical manifestations of SPENCDI, commonly with skeletal involvement and immune phenotypes; 73.08% of the cases were positive for antinuclear antibodies, 57.69% of cases were positive for anti-double stranded-DNA antibodies and 34.62% of cases had neurological symptoms.In 58 cases, ACP5 gene mutations were detected, including 44 homozygous mutations and 14 compound heterozygous mutations.Patients with ACP5 gene homozygous mutation had a higher probability of consanguineous marriage in parents [56.82% (25/44 cases) vs.14.29% (2/14 cases)]; patients with ACP5 gene heterozygous mutation were more likely to develop SLE [64.29% (9/14 cases) vs.34.09% (15/44 cases)]( χ2=7.722, 3.992; all P<0.05). Conclusions:The majority of the ACP5 gene mutations are homozygous mutations in patients with SPENCDI, and heterozygous mutations are rare.The clinical manifestations of SPENCDI are various and complex, it is prone to develop autoimmune diseases, and there was no clear correlation between clinical features and gene phenotype in SPENCDI patients.

Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1) has become a promising molecular target for lung cancer therapy. Upon the screening platform for LSD1 activity, some Chinese herbal extracts were screened for LSD1 activity inhibition, and the underlying mechanism was preliminarily investigated at both molecular and cellular levels. The results of LSD1 inhibition showed that Puerariae Lobatae Radix extract can effectively reduce LSD1 expression to elevate the expression of H3 K4 me2 and H3 K9 me2 substrates in H1975 and H1299 cells. Furthermore, Puerariae Lobatae Radix was evaluated for its anti-lung cancer activity. It had a potent inhibitory ability against the proliferation and colony formation of both H1975 and H1299 cells. Flow cytometry and DAPI staining assays indicated that Puerariae Lobatae Radix can induce the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. In addition, it can significantly suppress the migration and reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) process of lung cancer cells by activating E-cadherin and suppressing the expression of N-cadherin, slug and vimentin. To sum up, Puerariae Lobatae Radix displayed a robust inhibitory activity against lung cancer, and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of LSD1 expression to induce the cell apoptosis and suppress the cell migration and EMT process. These findings will provide new insights into the action of Puerariae Lobatae Radix as an anti-lung cancer agent and offer new ideas for the study on the anti-cancer action of Chinese medicine based on the epigenetic modification.
Pueraria/chemistry* ; Histone Demethylases/analysis* ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Neoplasms

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning deaths in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2019, so as to provide the basis for formulating the strategies and measures for prevention and control of food poisoning deaths in Wenshan Prefecture. Methods The data of food poisoning deaths in Wenshan Prefecture from 2010 to 2019 were collected and analyzed by Excel software. Results From 2010 to 2019, 65 food poisoning deaths were reported, accounting for 7.5% of the food poisoning incidents in the same period.The fatality rate of food poisoning deaths was 36.7%, and the mortality rate of food poisoning events in the same period was 2.1%.The high incidence of food poisoning deaths occurred in summer and autumn, with the highest in June and July.Wild mushroom poisoning was the main cause of death in food poisoning, and the incidence was mainly in rural families. Conclusion Wild mushroom poisoning should be the focus of controlling food poisoning deaths in Wenshan Prefecture.It is necessary to strengthen public education, improve people′s ability to identify edible wild mushrooms, strengthen the building of capacity of medical institutions in towns and villages, and establish a long-term mechanism for food safety management.

Objective To explore the consistency between identification diagnosis and pre-identification clinical diagnosis of patients with mental disorder undergoing forensic psychiatry identification. Methods The identification data of 1 369 appraised individuals who underwent criminal responsibility identification carried out by the Forensic Institute of Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from 2014 to 2017 were collected retrospectively using self-designed investigation data sorting table. A comparative analysis of the mental disorder diagnosis results of expert opinion and past clinical diagnosis results was made. Results Among 1 369 appraised individuals, 964 cases （70.4%） were identified and diagnosed with mental disorder and 405 cases （29.6%） without mental disorder. Among the former, 63.3% （610 cases） were clinically diagnosed, which was higher than 43.2% （175 cases, P<0.05） in the latter. Among the various mental disorders that had been identified and diagnosed, patients with hysteria, stress, and neurosis had the highest proportion of clinical diagnoses （86.7%）, while patients with mental retardation had the lowest proportion of clinical diagnoses （9.6%）. Schizophrenia had the highest overall consistency rate of identification diagnosis and clinical diagnosis （98.4%）, while personality and behavior disorder had the lowest （33.3%）. The overall consistency rate between clinical diagnosis and identification diagnosis of the mental disorder group was 84.1%, and the Kappa value was 0.759. Compared with clinical diagnosis, the consistency rate between inpatient diagnosis and identification diagnosis was higher （85.9%, P<0.05）. Conclusion In forensic psychiatry identification that provides data of past clinical diagnosis and treatment, a high consistency between identification diagnosis and clinical diagnosis of the appraised individual who is identified and diagnosed with mental disorder exists. Clinical diagnosis （especially the inpatient diagnosis） has a relatively good reference value for forensic psychiatry identification.
Criminals ; Expert Testimony ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies

Based on the systematic summary of the results of the fourth general survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the cultivation of large varieties of Chinese material medica and the latest research on health industrial development, the novel concepts and scientific connotations of generalized science of Chinese material medica are put forward, and the basic ideas and methods of a new Chinese medicine academic system, the cultivation system of large varieties of Chinese medicinal materials and the application system of the large health industry are constructed. This kind of generalized science of Chinese material medica, rooted in the traditional Chinese culture and the theory of "preventive treatment of disease", can avoid the narrow prospect induced by the increasing specialization and refinement of knowledge of science of Chinese material medica. It will play an important role in the modernization, industrialization, internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.
Drug Industry ; Humans ; Materia Medica ; therapeutic use ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research

BACKGROUNDEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) commonly infects the general population and has been associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which has a high incidence in certain regions. This study aimed to address how EBV variations contribute to the risk of NPC.

METHODSUsing logistic regression analysis and based on the sequence variations at EBV-encoded RPMS1, a multi-stage association study was conducted to identify EBV variations associated with NPC risk. A protein degradation assay was performed to characterize the functional relevance of the RPMS1 variations.

RESULTSBased on EBV-encoded RPMS1 variations, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the EBV genome (locus 155391: G>A, named G155391A) was associated with NPC in 157 cases and 319 healthy controls from an NPC endemic region in South China [P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 4.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.71-7.37]. The results were further validated in three independent cohorts from the NPC endemic region (P < 0.001, OR = 5.20, 95% CI 3.18-8.50 in 168 cases vs. 241 controls, and P < 0.001, OR = 5.27, 95% CI 4.06-6.85 in 726 cases vs. 880 controls) and a non-endemic region (P < 0.001, OR = 7.52, 95% CI 3.69-15.32 in 58 cases vs. 612 controls). The combined analysis in 1109 cases and 2052 controls revealed that the SNP G155391A was strongly associated with NPC (P(combined) < 0.001, OR = 5.27, 95% CI 4.31-6.44). Moreover, the frequency of the SNP G155391A was associated with NPC incidence but was not associated with the incidences of other EBV-related malignancies. Furthermore, the protein degradation assay showed that this SNP decreased the degradation of the oncogenic RPMS1 protein.

CONCLUSIONSOur study identified an EBV variation specifically and significantly associated with a high risk of NPC. These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of NPC and strategies for prevention.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genome, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; virology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Pilot Projects ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Assessment ; methods ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Proteins ; genetics