Objective To explore an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method for automated hand hygiene monitoring and to compare the effectiveness of three algorithms (UniFormerV2, TDN, C3D) in recognizing hand hygiene steps in surgical settings, thereby aiding hospital infection control. Methods From April to October 2024, we non-invasively collected 641 video recordings of healthcare staff performing hand hygiene at four-bay scrub sinks in two tertiary hospitals using overhead HD cameras. The dataset was annotated by five trained experts for model training and validation. Results Following training on 385 samples, internal validation (n=119) showed the C3D model achieved 81% accuracy, 87% recall, and an 83% F1-score. The TDN model achieved 93%, 91%, and 92% for the same metrics. The UniFormerV2 model outperformed both, with an accuracy, recall, and F1-score of 93%—an improvement of over 10 percentage points compared to traditional CNNs (TDN, C3D). It also achieved an 84% accuracy in external validation, demonstrating strong generalization. Conclusion The UniFormerV2 model is more accurate than CNN-based models for hand hygiene step recognition and shows robust performance in external validation. It presents a viable tool for healthcare facilities to enhance hand hygiene management, ultimately improving medical quality and patient safety.

Background: and Purpose Live cell-based assays (LCBA) are increasingly used for serological antibody detection due to their ability to preserve antigen conformation, offering moderately higher sensitivity than fixed cell-based assays. However, the clinical necessity of prioritizing LCBA for the detection of aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains unclear, especially when compared to its established role in diagnosing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Methods: We compared the performance of live cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (LCBA-IF) and fixed cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (FCBA-IF) in detecting AQP4-IgG in 90 cases of NMOSD meeting 2015 International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis criteria, alongside 40 controls. Additionally, we further investigated the relationship between AQP4-IgG titers as measured by LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF and clinical parameters in NMOSD patients. Results: Results showed 96.9% agreement between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF (Cohen’s κ=0.935), with a strong Spearman correlation (0.977, p<0.001). Both methods demonstrated 100% specificity, with LCBA-IF showing slightly higher sensitivity compared to FCBA-IF. Within LCBAIF-tested groups, statistically significant differences in annualized relapse rates were observed across all pairwise comparisons (low-titer vs. moderate-titer, low-titer vs. high-titer, and moderate-titer vs. high-titer; all p<0.050). However, this association reached statistical significance in some FCBA-IF-tested groups. Conclusions Overall, there is a strong concordance between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF in detecting AQP4-IgG, where LCBA-IF shows slightly higher sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a potential link between elevated AQP4-IgG titers and an increased risk of relapse, and this correlation may appear more pronounced when using LCBA-IF.

ObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation is widely used in its clinical management. However, the biological basis underlying different TCM syndromes remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate the proteomic differences between qi-blood deficiency syndrome (QBDS) and damp-heat syndrome (DHS) in CRC patients and to establish a “syndrome-differential protein-herbal component” network for exploring potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets associated with syndrome-specific treatment strategies. MethodsTumor tissue samples were collected from 10 patients with pathologically confirmed CRC, including 5 patients diagnosed with QBDS and 5 with DHS according to standardized TCM syndrome differentiation criteria. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics was employed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the two syndrome groups. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, were performed to characterize the biological functions and signaling pathways associated with the identified DEPs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was further applied to screen key syndrome-related proteins and construct a core protein prediction model. Subsequently, molecular docking was conducted to evaluate the binding affinities between representative herbal compounds, astragaloside IV and berberine, and the identified core proteins. Finally, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were performed in HCT 116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cell lines to validate the anti-proliferative activities of these compounds in vitro. ResultsA total of 44 DEPs were identified between QBDS and DHS tissues, including 21 upregulated and 23 downregulated proteins in the QBDS group relative to the DHS group. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that these proteins were primarily associated with antiviral immune responses, regulation of inflammatory signaling, NF‑κB signaling pathways, cholesterol metabolism, and other biological processes relevant to tumor progression and host immune regulation. LASSO regression analysis identified eight core proteins with potential syndrome-specific significance. Among them, ST7, GPCPD1, and PODXL were closely associated with QBDS, whereas FAT1, GRB7, KRT7, MAFF, and MMP8 were associated with DHS. Molecular docking demonstrated favorable interactions between astragaloside IV and QBDS-related proteins, with binding energies lower than -5 kcal/mol, indicating stable binding activity. Berberine exhibited even lower binding energies and stronger binding specificity toward DHS-related core proteins. In vitro experiments further confirmed that both compounds inhibited CRC cell proliferation, while berberine displayed significantly greater anti-proliferative efficacy. The lowest 48 h IC₅₀ value of berberine reached 15.21 mg/L in CRC cells, indicating a stronger growth-inhibitory effect than astragaloside IV. ConclusionCRC patients with QBDS and DHS exhibit distinct proteomic characteristics, suggesting that different TCM syndromes possess unique molecular signatures. The identified core proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for syndrome differentiation, while astragaloside IV and berberine may exert therapeutic effects through targeting syndrome-specific molecular networks. These findings provide preliminary proteomic evidence supporting syndrome-guided precision integrative medicine in CRC and offer new insights into the biological basis of TCM syndrome differentiation and individualized therapeutic strategies.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Xiere Xingpi Yin （XRXPY） on the body mass and body fat distribution in patients with simple obesity， and to preliminarily explore whether the mechanism involves the regulation of specific obesity-related microRNAs （miRNAs）. MethodsA randomized controlled trial design was employed to recruit patients with simple obesity diagnosed with the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome of dampness-heat accumulating in the spleen. Using a randomized controlled trial design， 95 patients with simple obesity of dampness-heat encumbering the Spleen syndrome were recruited， after 3 were excluded， 92 were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio by means of a random number table. On the basis of lifestyle intervention， the observation group received XRXPY granules， while the control group received a placebo. Serum samples and TCM symptom scores were collected before and after the 12-week observation period. Differences in body mass loss， body composition， lipid metabolism， and TCM symptom scores were compared between the groups. An obesity-related miRNA dataset was constructed by searching the Human MicroRNA Disease Database. Library construction， sequencing， and quality control were performed on 6 selected patients from each group to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs. The intersection of these miRNAs with the obesity-related miRNAs was verified by bioinformatics and correlation analysis. ResultsBaseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups before treatment. A total of 86 patients completed the study （42 cases in the observation group and 44 cases in the control group）. The proportion of patients achieving ≥5% body weight reduction was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group 81.0% （34/42） vs. 43.2% （19/44） （χ²=12.963， P<0.01）. Compared with baseline within the observation group， body weight， waist circumference， and TCM syndrome score were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， as were body fat percentage （P<0.01） and serum triglyceride level （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， waist circumference and TCM syndrome score were significantly lower in the observation group （P<0.01）， and body weight showed a trend toward reduction. When changes from baseline were compared between the two groups， the magnitudes of decrease in body weight， waist circumference， and TCM syndrome score were all significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.01）. With respect to safety， no serious adverse events occurred in either group and no participant discontinued the study because of adverse events. Compared with baseline， alanine aminotransferase levels decreased significantly in both the control and observation groups （P<0.01）， and urea decreased significantly in the observation group （P<0.01）， indicating a favorable safety profile. Sequencing identified nine differentially expressed miRNAs. After intersecting with the obesity-related miRNA dataset （187 miRNAs）， 3 miRNAs were identified： miR-221 （log₂FC=-6.62， P=0.009）， miR-29a （log₂FC=6.33， P=0.016）， and miR-10b （log₂FC=-5.91， P=0.029）. A total of 262 target genes of the 3 miRNAs were identified， which were significantly enriched in 67 pathways， including the lysine degradation pathway （P=0.001）. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between miR-221 and triglycerides （r=0.46， P=0.027）， a negative correlation between miR-29a and waist-to-hip ratio （r=-0.41， P=0.047）， and positive correlations of miR-10b with body fat percentage （r=0.49， P=0.014） and waist circumference （r=0.44， P=0.032）. ConclusionXRXPY combined with lifestyle intervention can effectively reduce the body mass and improve body composition. The underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of the lysine degradation pathway via miR-221， miR-29a， and miR-10b， though further verification is required.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Xiere Xingpi Yin （XRXPY） on the body mass and body fat distribution in patients with simple obesity， and to preliminarily explore whether the mechanism involves the regulation of specific obesity-related microRNAs （miRNAs）. MethodsA randomized controlled trial design was employed to recruit patients with simple obesity diagnosed with the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome of dampness-heat accumulating in the spleen. Using a randomized controlled trial design， 95 patients with simple obesity of dampness-heat encumbering the Spleen syndrome were recruited， after 3 were excluded， 92 were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio by means of a random number table. On the basis of lifestyle intervention， the observation group received XRXPY granules， while the control group received a placebo. Serum samples and TCM symptom scores were collected before and after the 12-week observation period. Differences in body mass loss， body composition， lipid metabolism， and TCM symptom scores were compared between the groups. An obesity-related miRNA dataset was constructed by searching the Human MicroRNA Disease Database. Library construction， sequencing， and quality control were performed on 6 selected patients from each group to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs. The intersection of these miRNAs with the obesity-related miRNAs was verified by bioinformatics and correlation analysis. ResultsBaseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups before treatment. A total of 86 patients completed the study （42 cases in the observation group and 44 cases in the control group）. The proportion of patients achieving ≥5% body weight reduction was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group 81.0% （34/42） vs. 43.2% （19/44） （χ²=12.963， P<0.01）. Compared with baseline within the observation group， body weight， waist circumference， and TCM syndrome score were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， as were body fat percentage （P<0.01） and serum triglyceride level （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， waist circumference and TCM syndrome score were significantly lower in the observation group （P<0.01）， and body weight showed a trend toward reduction. When changes from baseline were compared between the two groups， the magnitudes of decrease in body weight， waist circumference， and TCM syndrome score were all significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.01）. With respect to safety， no serious adverse events occurred in either group and no participant discontinued the study because of adverse events. Compared with baseline， alanine aminotransferase levels decreased significantly in both the control and observation groups （P<0.01）， and urea decreased significantly in the observation group （P<0.01）， indicating a favorable safety profile. Sequencing identified nine differentially expressed miRNAs. After intersecting with the obesity-related miRNA dataset （187 miRNAs）， 3 miRNAs were identified： miR-221 （log₂FC=-6.62， P=0.009）， miR-29a （log₂FC=6.33， P=0.016）， and miR-10b （log₂FC=-5.91， P=0.029）. A total of 262 target genes of the 3 miRNAs were identified， which were significantly enriched in 67 pathways， including the lysine degradation pathway （P=0.001）. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between miR-221 and triglycerides （r=0.46， P=0.027）， a negative correlation between miR-29a and waist-to-hip ratio （r=-0.41， P=0.047）， and positive correlations of miR-10b with body fat percentage （r=0.49， P=0.014） and waist circumference （r=0.44， P=0.032）. ConclusionXRXPY combined with lifestyle intervention can effectively reduce the body mass and improve body composition. The underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of the lysine degradation pathway via miR-221， miR-29a， and miR-10b， though further verification is required.

In 2022， Hainan provincial government launched the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis with the goals of a hepatitis B screening rate of 90%， a diagnostic rate of 90%， and a treatment rate of 80% among people aged 18 years and above by the year 2025， and the main intervention measures include population-based prevention， case screening， antiviral therapy， and health management. As of December 31， 2024， a total of 6.875 million individuals in the general population had been screened for hepatitis B， with a screening rate of 95.6%. A total of 184 710 individuals with positive HBsAg were identified， among whom 156 772 were diagnosed through serological reexamination， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 84.9%. A total of 50 742 patients with chronic hepatitis B were identified， among whom 42 921 had hepatitis B-specific health records established for health management， with a file establishment rate of 84.6%. A total of 31 553 individuals received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 62.2%. A total of 2.503 million individuals at a high risk of hepatitis C were screened， among whom 4 870 tested positive for HCV antibody and 3 858 underwent HCV RNA testing， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 79.2%， and 1 824 individuals with positive HCV RNA were identified， among whom 1 194 received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 65.5%. In addition， 159 301 individuals with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs and an age of 20 — 40 years were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine free of charge. Through the implementation of the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， a large number of hepatitis patients have been identified， treated， and managed in the province within a short period of time， which significantly accelerates the efforts to eliminate the crisis of viral hepatitis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α and circ-UBE2G1 mutually regulate and promote thyroid cancer(THCA)metastasis under hypoxic microenvironment.Methods The GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression characteristics and correlation between circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α in THCA.The relationship of circ-UBE2G1 and miR-330-3p with survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve.After THCA cells were exposed to hypoxia,HIF-1α was silenced by transfection to analyze its regulation for circ-UBE2G1 transcription.The targeting relationship between miR-330-3p and either circ-UBE2G1 or HIF-1α was verified by sequence prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay.The effects of HIF-1α overexpression and circ-UBE2G1 silencing on THCA cell migration and invasion were analyzed after corresponding transfections.A tumor-bearing nude mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of THCA cells with HIF-1α overexpression and circ-UBE2G1 silencing,respectively.THCA tissues and adjacent normal samples were clinically collected to analyze the expression levels and correlations of circ-UBE2G1,miR-330-3p,and HIF-1α.Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that circ-UBE2G1 was positively correlated with HIF-1α(P<0.01),and its high expression was associated with a low survival rate in THCA patients(P=0.024).Inhibition of HIF-1α blocked the promotive effect of hypoxia on circ-UBE2G1(P<0.05).Silencing circ-UBE2G1 inhibited the migration and invasion of THCA cells(P<0.05),and reversed the promotive effect of HIF-1α on these processes(P<0.05).Dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR-330-3p targeted both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α(P<0.05).Silencing circ-UBE2G1 led to increased levels of miR-330-3p(P<0.05),whereas increasing miR-330-3p inhibited the expression of HIF-1α(P<0.05).In clinical THCA samples,both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α were increased and positively correlated(P<0.05),while miR-330-3p was lowly expressed and negatively correlated with both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α(P<0.05).Conclusion Hypoxia promotes the transcription of circ-UBE2G1 by inducing HIF-1α expression,and circ-UBE2G1 promotes HIF-1α expression by targeting miR-330-3p,thereby promoting THCA metastasis.

A method for determination and targeted screening of diflorasone components in health products using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was established.Four representative diflorasone and esters(diflorasone,diflorasone diacetate,diflorasone-17-propionate,and diflorasone-21-propionate)were selected to optimize the pretreatment conditions,and 10 mL of extraction solvent dosage,15 min of extraction time and 5 g of salting-out agent as the optimal conditions were selected by response surface methodology.The results showed that the four analytes exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 2.0?100 μg/L with the chromatographic peak area,and the correlation coefficients(R2)were all greater than 0.9990,while the results of recovery and relative standard deviation could satisfy the requirements of determination.The common characteristic ions of diflorasone and esters werem/z121 andm/z335,and their specific structures were obtained by analyzing the cleavage pathway based on the optimized determination conditions.A targeted screening method for other esters of diflorasone based on characteristic ions guidance strategy was established.This method had many advantages such as high efficiency,high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and could be used for targeted screening of diflorasone and esters in health products.The developed characteristic ion guided strategy could be employed to construct mass spectral databases for various glucocorticoids,enabling comprehensive targeted screening across a broad range of compounds.

A method was developed for determination of dilauryl thiodipropionate(DLTDP)in fried foods by coupling solid-phase extraction(SPE)pretreatment with reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(RPLC-MS/MS)detection.Samples were extracted with n-hexane as the solvent,purified using a neutral alumina SPE cartridge,and finally analyzed by RPLC-MS/MS.Quantitative analysis was performed using matrix-matched calibration curves combined with an external standard method under optimal experimental conditions.The results showed that DLTDP exhibited good linearity in the range of 2.0-50.0 μg/L,with a correlation coefficient(R2)≥0.999.The limit of detection(LOD)and the limit of quantification(LOQ)of the method were 0.15 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg,respectively.The mean recoveries at three fortification levels(0.5,1.0,and 200 mg/kg)in different samples ranged from 84.8%to 96.8%,with the relative standard deviations(RSDs)all less than 8.0%.The developed method was highly sensitive,accurate and reliable,and easy to operate,making it well suited for the routine quantitative analysis of DLTDP in fried foods.

Objective To explore whether ferroptosis is involved in α-amanitin-induced hepatocyte in-jury by detecting iron deposition in mice liver tissues,oxidative stress indicators in hepatocytes and L-02 cells,and expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins after α-amanitin exposure.Methods The poi-soning models of α-amanitin C57BL/6J mice and L-02 cell were established.The Lillie ferrous iron staining and Prussian blue staining were used to detect iron deposition;the kits were applied to detect the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA),and glutathione(GSH).Western blotting was performed to analyze expressions of p53,solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4).Results Compared with the control group,after α-amanitin exposure,positive cell rates of Fe2+and Fe3+in mice liver tissues increased significantly.In the liver tissues of medium(0.35 mg/kg)and high(0.45 mg/kg)dose groups and L-02 cells treated with 1 μmol/L α-amanitin,the level of GSH decreased,the level of MDA increased,and the activities of SOD and CAT decreased significantly.In addition,α-amanitin upregulated the expression of p53 in a concentration-and time-dependent manner and inhibited the expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4.Con-clusion Ferroptosis plays an important role in α-amanitin-induced hepatocyte injury.Abnormalities of ferroptosis-related indicators can provide references for the forensic identification of α-amanitin poisoning.