Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of subxiphoid robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SRATS) and intercostal robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (IRATS) in the treatment of anterior mediastinal tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with anterior mediastinal tumors who underwent robot-assisted surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, from May 2020 to July 2022. According to the surgical approach, patients were divided into an SRATS group and an IRATS group. Perioperative data were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 87 patients were included. There were 41 patients in the SRATS group [23 males, 18 females; mean age, (44.51±11.28) years] and 46 patients in the IRATS group [21 males, 25 females; mean age, (46.67±8.76) years]. Compared with the IRATS group, the SRATS group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss [(24.41±6.67) mL vs. (37.93±9.23) mL, P<0.001], shorter postoperative drainage duration [(1.73±0.59) days vs. (2.54±0.50) days, P<0.001], lower postoperative drainage volume [(94.46±34.08) mLvs. (116.72±24.90) mL, P=0.001], lower visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores on postoperative day 1 [(3.66±0.76) points vs. (4.15±0.84) points, P=0.005] and day 3 [(2.41±0.59) points vs. (2.89±0.82) points, P=0.003], shorter postoperative hospital stay [(4.12±0.81) days vs. (4.98±1.02) days, P<0.001], and lower hospitalization costs [(4.51±0.65) ten thousand yuan vs. (4.86±0.68) ten thousand yuan, P=0.020]. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in operative time or incidence of postoperative complications (P>0.05). Conclusion Both SRATS and IRATS are safe and effective for the treatment of anterior mediastinal tumors. However, SRATS is less invasive and more conducive to enhanced postoperative recovery.

By consulting ancient and modern literature， this article systematically reviews and verifies the historical evolution of the herbal medicine known as Baijiang across various dimensions， including name， origin， scientific name verification， medicinal parts， production area， quality， harvesting and processing， as well as its nature， taste， and therapeutic effects， in order to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Patriniae Herba. Patriniae Herba has a long history of use. It derives its name from the distinctive musty odor of its roots， which resembles spoiled soy sauce. However， due to its alias Kucai， there has been much confusion with other plants. Since the Ming dynasty， various plants have been used interchangeably as Baijiang. Herbal textual research showed that Patriniae Herba was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing， and throughout history， Baijiang has been recognized as its standard name， though it has also been known by alternative names such as Luchang， Lujiang， and Suanyi. The main sources used throughout the ages were Patrinia scabiosaefolia or P. villosa， which is consistent with the 1977 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However， while the roots were traditionally used medicinally， the whole plant is now more commonly used in modern practice. In addition， the whole plants of Thlaspi arvense from the Cruciferae family and Sonchus brachyotus from the Compositae family are commonly used as regional substitutes for Baijiang. According to ancient records， Patriniae Herba was primarily found in Jiangxia（present-day eastern Hubei province） and Jiangdong（the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River）， but modern literature shows that it is distributed throughout the country without a distinct geographical origin. In ancient times， the roots were harvested in August and sun-dried， today， the whole plant is typically dug up in summer or autumn and sun-dried. In recent times， the quality has been summarized as being best when the roots are long， the leaves are abundant and green， and the aroma is strong. Regarding the processing， ancient methods often involved baking（drying over fire）， while modern methods typically involve removing impurities， washing， and then cutting and drying the segments. The effects of Patriniae Herba are to clear heat and detoxify， eliminate blood stasis and drain pus. During the Han and Northern and Southern dynasties， it was used to treat skin diseases caused by heat， abscesses， postpartum diseases， and rheumatism， during the Five dynasties period， its therapeutic applications expanded to include diseases of the five senses， and by the modern era， conditions such as neurasthenia and insomnia were added. Regarding its properties and taste， it was recorded as bitter and neutral during the Han dynasty. By the Tang dynasty， it was slightly cold， with a taste of acrid and bitter. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties， it was mostly slightly cold and neutral， with a bitter and salty taste. In the Qing dynasty and modern times， it was mostly bitter and neutral， and in contemporary times， it has evolved to a taste of acrid， bitter， and cool. Based on the results of this study， it is recommended that when developing and utilizing famous classical formulas containing Patriniae Herba， one should select the entire herb of the historically mainstream sources， P. scabiosaefolia or P. villosa from the Valerianaceae family， and choose the processing method according to the prescription requirements. It is recommended to use raw products without specific requirements.

By consulting ancient and modern literature， this article systematically reviews and verifies the historical evolution of the herbal medicine known as Baijiang across various dimensions， including name， origin， scientific name verification， medicinal parts， production area， quality， harvesting and processing， as well as its nature， taste， and therapeutic effects， in order to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Patriniae Herba. Patriniae Herba has a long history of use. It derives its name from the distinctive musty odor of its roots， which resembles spoiled soy sauce. However， due to its alias Kucai， there has been much confusion with other plants. Since the Ming dynasty， various plants have been used interchangeably as Baijiang. Herbal textual research showed that Patriniae Herba was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing， and throughout history， Baijiang has been recognized as its standard name， though it has also been known by alternative names such as Luchang， Lujiang， and Suanyi. The main sources used throughout the ages were Patrinia scabiosaefolia or P. villosa， which is consistent with the 1977 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However， while the roots were traditionally used medicinally， the whole plant is now more commonly used in modern practice. In addition， the whole plants of Thlaspi arvense from the Cruciferae family and Sonchus brachyotus from the Compositae family are commonly used as regional substitutes for Baijiang. According to ancient records， Patriniae Herba was primarily found in Jiangxia（present-day eastern Hubei province） and Jiangdong（the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River）， but modern literature shows that it is distributed throughout the country without a distinct geographical origin. In ancient times， the roots were harvested in August and sun-dried， today， the whole plant is typically dug up in summer or autumn and sun-dried. In recent times， the quality has been summarized as being best when the roots are long， the leaves are abundant and green， and the aroma is strong. Regarding the processing， ancient methods often involved baking（drying over fire）， while modern methods typically involve removing impurities， washing， and then cutting and drying the segments. The effects of Patriniae Herba are to clear heat and detoxify， eliminate blood stasis and drain pus. During the Han and Northern and Southern dynasties， it was used to treat skin diseases caused by heat， abscesses， postpartum diseases， and rheumatism， during the Five dynasties period， its therapeutic applications expanded to include diseases of the five senses， and by the modern era， conditions such as neurasthenia and insomnia were added. Regarding its properties and taste， it was recorded as bitter and neutral during the Han dynasty. By the Tang dynasty， it was slightly cold， with a taste of acrid and bitter. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties， it was mostly slightly cold and neutral， with a bitter and salty taste. In the Qing dynasty and modern times， it was mostly bitter and neutral， and in contemporary times， it has evolved to a taste of acrid， bitter， and cool. Based on the results of this study， it is recommended that when developing and utilizing famous classical formulas containing Patriniae Herba， one should select the entire herb of the historically mainstream sources， P. scabiosaefolia or P. villosa from the Valerianaceae family， and choose the processing method according to the prescription requirements. It is recommended to use raw products without specific requirements.

Objective To investigate the post-discharge exercise behavior and factors influencing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients undergoing lung surgery. Methods A total of 2874 patients from the large prospective, observational perioperative lung symptom study cohort (CN-PRO-Lung 3) in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Sichuan Cancer Hospital between April 7, 2021, and January 31, 2024, were selected as the survey subjects. A survey was conducted using the Investigation of Exercise Behavior after Lung Surgery questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) among patients who underwent lung surgery. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing patients’ engagement in MVPA. Results A total of 702 patients were surveyed, including 252 males and 450 females, with an average age of (52.4±10.2) years. Patients with lung cancer accounted for 85.9%. Only 36.0% of the patients had regular exercise habits, while 42.3% did not engage in any physical activity. The three main barriers for postoperative exercise were physical discomfort (pain, coughing, shortness of breath, etc, 54.7%), lack of professional guidance (41.7%), and concerns about the surgical wound (28.9%). The proportions of patients engaging in vigorous, moderate, and low-intensity physical activity were 5.7%, 28.2%, and 66.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with a personal annual income ≥50000 yuan (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.01-2.29, P=0.044), high school education or above (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.33-2.76, P<0.001), and lobectomy (OR=1.44, 95%CI 1.02-2.03, P=0.037) engaged in more MVPA. Conclusion Patients undergoing lung surgery have inadequate physical activity after discharge, particularly lacking in MVPA. Patients with higher income, higher educational levels, and lobectomy are more frequently engaged in MVPA. Measures such as symptom control, providing exercise guidance, and enhancing education on wound care may potentially improve the inadequate physical activity in lung surgery patients after discharge.

Objective: To investigate the epidemic characteristics and trends in incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2024, so as to provide the basis for improving PTB prevention and control strategies. Methods: The PTB data in Wenzhou City from 2010 to 2024 were captured from the Surveillance System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the characteristics across different genders, age, and regions. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to evaluate the trend in PTB incidence. Results: A total of 73 706 PTB cases were reported in Wenzhou City from 2010 to 2024, with an average annual reported incidence of 52.92/100 000. The reported incidence of PTB decreased from 75.33/100 000 in 2010 to 35.47/100 000 in 2024, showing a significant overall downward trend (AAPC=-5 .287%, P<0.05). The average annual reported incidence of PTB was higher in males than in females (70.45/100 000vs. 33.41/100 000, P<0.05). The trends in reported incidence for both males and females were generally consistent with the overall population, showing declining trends (AAPC=-4.992% and -6.112%, both P<0.05). The group aged ≥65 years had the highest average annual reported incidence of PTB at 91.73/100 000. From 2010 to 2024, significant declining trends were observed in the groups aged 15-<25, 25-<35, 35-<45, and 45-<55 years (AAPC=-8.599%, -7.975%, -9.007%, and -5.104%, all P<0.05). The average annual reported incidences of PTB in Taishun County, Longwan District, and Yongjia County were higher, at 81.08/100 000, 75.31/100 000, and 64.68/100 000, respectively. Except for Dongtou District, Pingyang County, and Taishun County, the reported incidences in all other counties (cities, districts) showed declining trends from 2010 to 2024, with AAPC values ranging from -9.056% to -3.791% (all P<0.05). Conclusions The reported incidence of PTB in Wenzhou City from 2010 to 2024 showed an overall declining trend, varying in genders, age, and regions. Males and individuals aged ≥65 years were the key populations for prevention and control. Taishun County, Longwan District, and Yongjia County were high-incidence areas.

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， medicinal parts， harvesting， processing and others of Chrysanthemi Indici by referring to the herbal medicine， medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the relevant modern research materials， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing this medicinal herb. According to the research， Chrysanthemi Indici was first recorded under the name Kuyi in Bencao Jingjizhu， with aliases such as Yeshanju， Huangjuzai and Lubianju. The botanical source of Chrysanthemi Indici throughout history was Chrysanthemum indicum of the Asteraceae family. It is now distributed in most areas of China， and since the Qing dynasty， the product from Suichang， Zhejiang has been highly regarded. The whole plant can be used as medicine. According to the natural growth laws， the roots were collected in the first lunar month， leaves in the third， stems in the fifth， flowers in the ninth， and fruits in the eleventh， all of which were dried in the shade. In modern times， Chrysanthemi Indici is harvested during their initial blooming in autumn and winter. Since Bencao Gangmu listed Chrysanthemi Indici as a single medicinal material and clarified that all parts have medicinal value， ancient herbal texts began to record the independent medicinal use of Chrysanthemi Indici Flos， and the use of flowers as medicine has become mainstream. In modern times， the quality of Chrysanthemi Indici Flos is summarized to be best when they are dry， yellow， complete， and fragrant. Because Chrysanthemi Indici has a bitter and pungent taste， and is warm， it can eliminate and disperse， often using the power of alcohol to reach and ascend， and is commonly used to treat carbuncles， boils， and scrofula， with consistent properties and effects throughout ancient and modern times. Based on the research results， it is suggested that Chrysanthemi Indici involved in the formulas can be used as C. indicum， which can be used according to the medicinal parts labeled in the original formulas and the requirements of processing， while those without clear medicinal parts and requirements of processing should be used as the whole plant of the dried raw products.

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， medicinal parts， harvesting and processing， and other aspects of Manjiao and Zanthoxyli Radix by referring to the herbal medicine， medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the relevant modern research materials， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing the two medicinal materials. According to the herbal textual research， Manjiao was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty with aliases such as Zhujiao， Goujiao and Zhijiao. Throughout history， Manjiao was sourced from the stems and roots of Zanthoxylum armatum in the Rutaceae family， and its leaves and fruits can also be used in medicine. The traditional recorded production area was mainly in Yunzhong（now Tuoketuo region in Inner Mongolia）， with mentions in Zhejiang， Hunan， Fujian， Guangdong， Guangxi， Yunnan， Taiwan， and other provinces. Presently， this species is distributed from the south of Shandong， to Hainan， Taiwan， Tibet and other regions. The roots can be harvested year-round， while the fruits are harvested in autumn after maturity. In ancient times， the roots and stems were mostly used for brewing or soaking in wine， whereas nowadays， the roots are often sliced and then used as a raw material in traditional Chinese medicine， and the fruits should be stir-fried before use. Manjiao has a bitter taste and warm property， and was historically used to treat wind-cold dampness， joint pain， limb numbness， and knee pain. Modern researches have summarized its effects as dispelling wind， dispersing cold， promoting circulation， and relieving pain， and it is used for treating rheumatoid arthritis， toothache， bruises， as well as an anthelmintic. Zanthoxyli Radix initially known as Rudi Jinniugen， recorded in Bencao Qiuyuan of the Qing dynasty， with the alternate name of Liangbianzhen. In recent times， it is more commonly referred to as Liangmianzhen， sourced from the dried roots of Z. nitidum of the Rutaceae family， mainly produced in Guangxi and Guangdong. It can be harvested throughout the year， cleaned， sliced， and dried after harvesting. Zanthoxyli Radix is pungent， bitter， warm and slightly toxic， with the functions of promoting blood circulation， removing stasis， relieving pain， dispelling wind， and resolving swelling. Based on the results of herbal textual research， it is clarified that the ancient Manjiao and the modern Zanthoxyli Radix are not the same species. This article corrects the mistaken belief of by previous scholars that Zanthoxyli Radix is the same as ancient Manjiao， and suggests that formulas described as Manjiao should use Z. armatum as the medicinal herb， while those described as Liangmianzhen or Rudi Jinniu should use Z. nitidum. The processing was performed according to the processing requirements prescribed in the formulas， otherwise， the raw products are recommended for use.

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， medicinal parts， harvesting and processing， and other aspects of Manjiao and Zanthoxyli Radix by referring to the herbal medicine， medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the relevant modern research materials， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing the two medicinal materials. According to the herbal textual research， Manjiao was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty with aliases such as Zhujiao， Goujiao and Zhijiao. Throughout history， Manjiao was sourced from the stems and roots of Zanthoxylum armatum in the Rutaceae family， and its leaves and fruits can also be used in medicine. The traditional recorded production area was mainly in Yunzhong（now Tuoketuo region in Inner Mongolia）， with mentions in Zhejiang， Hunan， Fujian， Guangdong， Guangxi， Yunnan， Taiwan， and other provinces. Presently， this species is distributed from the south of Shandong， to Hainan， Taiwan， Tibet and other regions. The roots can be harvested year-round， while the fruits are harvested in autumn after maturity. In ancient times， the roots and stems were mostly used for brewing or soaking in wine， whereas nowadays， the roots are often sliced and then used as a raw material in traditional Chinese medicine， and the fruits should be stir-fried before use. Manjiao has a bitter taste and warm property， and was historically used to treat wind-cold dampness， joint pain， limb numbness， and knee pain. Modern researches have summarized its effects as dispelling wind， dispersing cold， promoting circulation， and relieving pain， and it is used for treating rheumatoid arthritis， toothache， bruises， as well as an anthelmintic. Zanthoxyli Radix initially known as Rudi Jinniugen， recorded in Bencao Qiuyuan of the Qing dynasty， with the alternate name of Liangbianzhen. In recent times， it is more commonly referred to as Liangmianzhen， sourced from the dried roots of Z. nitidum of the Rutaceae family， mainly produced in Guangxi and Guangdong. It can be harvested throughout the year， cleaned， sliced， and dried after harvesting. Zanthoxyli Radix is pungent， bitter， warm and slightly toxic， with the functions of promoting blood circulation， removing stasis， relieving pain， dispelling wind， and resolving swelling. Based on the results of herbal textual research， it is clarified that the ancient Manjiao and the modern Zanthoxyli Radix are not the same species. This article corrects the mistaken belief of by previous scholars that Zanthoxyli Radix is the same as ancient Manjiao， and suggests that formulas described as Manjiao should use Z. armatum as the medicinal herb， while those described as Liangmianzhen or Rudi Jinniu should use Z. nitidum. The processing was performed according to the processing requirements prescribed in the formulas， otherwise， the raw products are recommended for use.

A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS)method was developed for simultaneous analysis of 10 kinds of aphrodisiac drugs,including sildenafil,acetildenafil,nor-acetildenafil,homosildenafil,lodenafil carbonate,sildlenafil dimer impurity,vardenafil dimer,hydroxyacetildenafil,N-desmethylsildenafil and udenafil.By using different matrices(α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(HCCA)and sinapic acid(SA)),the effects of solvents,amount of matrices,laser intensity and spotting methods on the peak strength and signal intensity of MALDI-TOF MS for the aphrodisiac drugs were investigated.As a result,SA was chosen as the matrix,and then dispersed in methanol-water(50∶50,V/V),and spotted by matrix firstly and sample secondly approach with the reflect linear positive mode and laser power of 60%.Under optimal conditions,the proposed MALDI-TOF MS method could obtain stable signal,high intensity and well-repeated mass spectrometric results.The results of method validation showed a linear range from 10 to 100 ng/mL,and the regression coefficients(r)were all above 0.985.The limits of detection(LOD)were 0.1-1.0 ng/mL,and the recoveries were in the range of 72.9%-109.9%for health wine,soft capsule and instant coffee samples,while the relative standard deviations(RSDs)ranged from 0.7%to 11.3%(n=3).The test results of 10 kinds of aphrodisiac drugs by MALDI-TOF MS were in accordance with the results of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.This method exhibited high sensitivity,high accuracy,good anti-interference ability,low chemical solvents consumption and environmentally friendliness,and could be used to detect drugs without standards.The developed MALDI-TOF MS method could realize the non-target screening and detection of 10 kinds of illegally added aphrodisiac drugs in foods.

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， academic name， medicinal parts， origin， harvesting， processing and other aspects of Abri Herba and Abri Mollis Herba by referring to the herbal medicine， medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the modern literature， so as to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing this type of medicinal materials. According to the herbal textual research， Abri Herba was first recorded in Lingnan Caiyaolu， with other aliases such as Huangtoucao and Xiye Longlincao. It originates from the dried whole plant of Abrus cantoniensis， a Fabaceae plant， which can be used medicinally except for its fruits. Currently， this species is mainly distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi， and also found in Hunan and Thailand， it can be harvested throughout the year， mainly in spring and autumn. The roots， stems， and leaves can be used for medicinal purposes， but the pods are toxic and need to be removed. After harvesting， impurities and pods are removed， and it is dried and processed for medicinal use. Abri Herba has a sweet and slightly bitter taste， is cool in nature， and is associated with the liver and stomach meridians， it is used for clearing heat and relieving dampness， dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain， and is mainly used to treat jaundice-type hepatitis， stomach pain， rheumatic bone pain， contusion and ecchymosis pain， and mastitis. Abri Mollis Herba was first recorded in the 1982 edition of Zhongyaozhi as another origin for Abri Herba， and was singled out in some monographs such as Xinhua Bencao Gangyao in 1988 for use， while some other monographs use it as a local habitual products or confused products of Abri Herba with aliases such as Daye Jigucao， Qingtingteng， and Maoxiangsi. It comes from the dried whole herb of A. mollis without pods， and is mainly produced in Guangxi and Guangdong， and occasionally found in Hong Kong， Hainan and Fujian. The collection and processing are similar to Abri Herba， after harvesting， impurities and pods are removed， and it is dried and cut for medicinal use. Abri Mollis Herba has a sweet and light taste， is cool in nature， and is associated with the liver and stomach meridians， with the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxifying， and promoting dampness， it is mainly used to treat infectious hepatitis， mastitis， furuncles， burns and scalds， and pediatric malnutrition. Based on the research， A. mollis was first recorded to be used as a medicine in the same origin as A. cantoniensis， and as plants of the same genus， have similar morphological characteristics， and their medicinal parts， collection and processing， properties and flavors， and meridian affiliations are consistent. And in the folk， Abri Mollis Herba is often used as Abri Herba， which has been used for a long time and is now dominated by the cultivation of A. mollis. So it is recommended that the subsequent version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia should include A. mollis in the origin of Abri Herba， and it is also recommended that in famous classical formulas refered to Jiguccao can use A. cantoniensis and A. mollis as the sources of the herb， refered to Mao Jiguccao can use A. mollis as the sources of the herb. Processing is carried out according to the requirements specified in the original formulas， and raw products are recommended to be included in the medicine if there are no requirements.