OBJECTIVES

A growing body of evidence points to a positive association between periodontitis and
various systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis. However,
there is limited data on the prevalence and odds of having systemic conditions among Filipino periodontal patients.
Thus, this study aimed to determine the association of periodontal disease with systemic conditions among Filipino
patients at a university dental clinic.

METHODS

The periodontal and medical charts of all patients who underwent periodontal consult at a university
dental clinic within two academic years were reviewed. Periodontal diagnoses which had originally been assigned
using the 1999 classification of periodontal diseases were reclassified based on the 2018 European Federation
of Periodontology-American Academy of Periodontology classification. Listed medical conditions in the patients’
charts were self-reported. The prevalence of various systemic conditions in 715 periodontitis cases was compared
to that of 834 control patients without periodontitis. Fisher’s exact test was performed to evaluate the difference
in the prevalence of comorbidities between groups, while adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were computed using logistic
regression analysis, accounting for age, sex, educational attainment, and smoking status.

RESULTS

The prevalence of having at least one systemic condition was significantly higher among periodontitis patients
(44.5%) compared to non-periodontitis patients (36.3%). Compared to controls, a significantly higher number of
periodontitis cases had two systemic comorbidities (P=0.001). The prevalence of hypertension (18.6% versus 5.04%),
CVD including hypertension (20.42% versus 6.95%), arthritis (9.37% versus 3.0%), and diabetes mellitus (5.73% versus
0.84%) were all significantly higher in patients with periodontitis compared to non-periodontitis controls.
The odds of having CVD (AOR=1.81), hypertension (AOR=2.14) and diabetes (AOR=3.05) were higher in periodontitis cases. Meanwhile, the prevalence of asthma (9.23% versus 5.31%), respiratory diseases including asthma (12.95% versus 8.25%), and allergies (18.82% versus 13.71%) were significantly higher in non- periodontitis patients compared to periodontitis cases.

CONCLUSION

Periodontitis patients were more likely to present with CVD, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, no association was found between periodontitis and respiratory diseases, as well as between periodontitis and asthma.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent: 13-18 Yrs Old ; Young Adult: 19-24 Yrs Old ; Adult: 25-44 Yrs Old ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Aged: 65-79 Yrs Old ; Regression (psychology) ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Regression Analysis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases

Objective: The association between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus varies based on geographical location, and there are limited investigations on the relationship of the two chronic diseases among Philippine subjects. This study aimed to determine the association between periodontitis and diabetes among Filipino dental school patients. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, the periodontal conditions and diabetic statuses of all patients who sought treatment at the Dental College’s Oral Medicine clinic within two academic years were reviewed. The prevalence of diabetes among 715 cases of periodontitis was compared to the prevalence among 834 control patients without periodontitis. Odds ratios (OR) were computed using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, and smoking status. Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus for all patients was 3.10%. Patients with periodontitis had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes at 5.73% compared to control subjects without periodontitis, whose diabetes prevalence was recorded at 0.84% (P<0.001). A significant association was observed between periodontitis and diabetes, with an unadjusted OR=7.19. After logistic regression analysis to control confounding variables, the adjusted OR was found to be 3.05 (95% confidence interval = 1.27 to 7.31; P=0.012). Conclusion The prevalence and odds of having diabetes are significantly higher among Filipino dental school patients with periodontitis, compared to patients without periodontitis. These results provide evidence to support an association between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus in this representative sample of the Filipino population.
Periodontitis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Association ; Prevalence