Objective:To investigate the outcome of asthma in young children after 3 years and the factors associated with the outcome.Methods:A total of 494 children aged 2 to 5 years with asthma diagnosed in 5 hospitals in Beijing from 2016 to 2017 were followed up by telephone using questionnaire survey.Information on the asthma attack, the disease control level, and the comorbidities of allergic diseases in the past 3 years was collected and analyzed.Results:Questionnaires were conducted in 387 children, including 261 males(67.4%)and 126 females(32.6%). Two hundred and forty-six patients(63.6%)had no any asthma symptom(remission) within 3 years, while 141 patients(36.4%)were found with asthma symptom(without remission). The main symptoms were as follows: wheezing in 116 cases(82.3%), recurrent cough in 59 cases(41.8%), shortness of breath in 45 cases(31.9%), chest tightness or waking up at night due to wheezing in 22 cases(15.6%). The causes of asthma attack were respiratory tract infection in 80 cases(56.7%), allergen exposure in 46 cases(32.6%), climate change or cold air stimulation in 59 cases(41.8%), strenuous exercise in 36 cases(25.5%), and irritating odor in 3 cases(2.1%). One-way anova analysis showed that significant difference( P<0.05)was respectively observed in age at follow-up, postnatal tobacco smoke exposure history, repeated respiratory tract infection before asthma onset, personal allergy history, snoring, allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis within 1 year, allergic conjunctivitis within 1 year between the remission group and without remission group.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that tobacco exposure after birth, allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis within 1 year were independent risk factors for the continuation of asthma symptoms to school age( P<0.05). Conclusion:Till the school age, more than 1/3 children still had asthma symptom and the risk factors for the unalleviated symptom were postnatal tobacco exposure, allergic rhinitis within 1 year and allergic conjunctivitis within 1 year.

Objective To compare the differences of corneal biomechanics in different types of glaucoma and its related influence factors,and to investigate the change trends of cornea biomechanics after the operations.Methods In a prospective comparative case series,61 eyes of 61 acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (APACG)(remission or chronic phase)patients,94 eyes of 94 chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG) patients,70 eyes of 70 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and 64 eyes of 64 age-related cataract (ARC) patients were recruited in Tianjin Eye Hospital from January to July,2017.Corneal biomechanical properties were measured by using Corvis ST.The differences of corneal biomechanics in different types of glaucoma and the change trends after surgeries were assessed;the association between parameters and the age,intraocular pressure after correction (IOPcc),central cornea thickness (CCT),axial length (AL),average corneal diopter (K) were assessed by multiple linear regression analysis.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (TJYYLL-2016-17).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical examination.Results Compared with the ARC group,the first applanation velocity (A1V)and second applanation time (A2T) were both smaller in preoperative CPACG,POAG groups (all at P＜0.05);compared with the ARC group and APACG group,second applanation velocity (A2V) was larger in preoperative CPACG,POAG groups,the differences were all statistically significant (all at P＜0.05).A1V,A2T,deformation amplitude (DA) and peak distance (PD) were negatively correlated with IOPcc (r =-0.494,-0.612,-0.652,-0.277;all at P＜0.05),A2V,first applanation time (A1T) and central curvature radius (CCR) were positively correlated with IOPcc (r =0.508,0.960,0.249;all at P ＜ 0.05);first applanation length (A1 L) and second applanation length (A2L) were negatively correlated with K (r =-0.323,-0.227;both at P＜0.05);A 1 V,A2T and DA were positively correlated with K (r =0.214,0.256,0.242;all at P＜0.05).Compared with preoperative,the A1T and A2V were reduced,A1V,A2T and DA were increased in one month after surgery in CPACG group;the A1T and A2V were reduced,the A2T and DA were increased in one month after surgery in POAG group,and the differences were all statistically significant (all at P＜0.05).Compared with preoperative,there were no statistically significant differences between the parameters in one month after surgery in APACG group and ARC group (all at P ＞0.05).Conclusions CPACG and POAG have poorer ability of corneal deformation,which gradually returns to normal after surgery;because the intraocular pressure of APACG (remission or chronic stage) return to normal after transient elevated stage,the corneal biomechanics is basically similar to ARC,which has no difference between pre-and pos-operation.The parameters of corneal biomechanics are affected by IOPcc and K.