Objective To investigate the temporal changes in pathological damage and macrophage polarization in liver and spleen tissues of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and to preliminarily unravel the peripheral immune responses during the early stage of A. cantonensis infection. Methods Forty female BALB/c mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups, including the control group and 7-, 14-, and 21-day infection groups, with 10 mice in each group. Each mouse in the infection groups was inoculated with 30 third-stage (L3) larvae of A. cantonensis by oral gavage, and five mice were randomly selected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, while mice in the control group were given the same volume of physiological saline and five mice were randomly selected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled. The histopathological changes of mouse liver and spleen tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the percentage of positive staining area and the co-localization positive rates of the macrophage surface antigens F4/80, CD86, and CD206 were quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, five mice were collected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, and five mice were collected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled for detection of macrophage markers CD86 and CD206 and macrophage phenotyping using flow cytometry, and the expression of M1 macrophage markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and M2 markers, including arginase 1 (Arg1), mannose receptor C-type 1 (Mrc1) and chitinase-like protein 3 (Chil3) was quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. Results Proliferative lesions of the hepatocyte were observed in mouse liver tissues and the follicular structures of the mouse spleen white pulp were disrupted 21 days post-infection with A. cantonensis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that there were significant differences in the percentages of F4/80, CD86 and CD206 positive staining areas in the liver and spleen tissues among the four groups of mice (F = 242.40, 197.14, 183.19, 157.65, 242.35 and 146.24; all P values < 0.001), and the percentages of positive staining in the liver and spleen tissues of mice in the 14-day infection group [(4.45 ± 0.51)%, (3.74 ± 0.67)%, (8.32 ± 0.72)%, (16.56 ± 1.14)%, (11.62 ± 0.52)%, and (8.29 ± 0.72)%, respectively] and the 21-day infection group [(3.70 ± 0.11)%, (3.22 ± 0.43)%, (11.53 ± 1.03)%, (12.59 ± 1.05)%, (9.02 ± 0.83)%, and (11.67 ± 1.10)%, respectively] were higher than in the control group [(0.35 ± 0.16)%, (0.40 ± 0.02)%, (0.93 ± 0.05)%, (2.78 ± 0.26)%, (2.33 ± 0.20)%, and (1.85 ± 0.20)%, respectively] (all P values < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed significant differences in the positive rates of F4/80 co-localization with CD86 and CD206 in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 24.42, 25.28, 54.51 and 130.55; all P values < 0.001). Flow cytometry detected significant differences in the proportions of CD86⁺ and CD206⁺ macrophages in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 67.98, 18.41, 29.77, 172.80; all P values < 0.001), and the proportions of CD206⁺ macrophages in the liver and spleen of the 21-day infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(9.25 ± 2.55)% vs (3.83 ± 0.72)%, and (4.22 ± 0.56)% vs (0.47 ± 0.18)%, respectively] (both P values < 0.05). In addition, RT-qPCR assay quantified significant differences in the relative mRNA expression of M1 macrophage markers (IL-1β, TNF-α and Nos2) and M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, Chil3 and Mrc1) in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 41.30, 31.82, 199.33, 19.96, 62.01, 119.76, 23.67, 95.90, 72.27, 82.59, 123.41 and 29.75; all P values < 0.05). Conclusions A. cantonensis infection may cause progressive pathological damage in mouse liver and spleen tissues, accompanied by dynamic temporal changes in macrophage polarization. M1 macrophage polarization predominates at the early stage of A. cantonensis infection and shifts towards M2 polarization at the later stages, suggesting that M2 polarization may participate in immune regulation at late stages of A. cantonensis infection by suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair.

Objective To analyze the application of outcome indicators and measurement tools in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of TCM treatment for coronary heart disease(CHD)complicated with anxiety and depression in recent years;To facilitate the construction of core outcome set in this field.Methods The RCTs of TCM treatment for CHD complicated with anxiety and depression were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and the included RCTs were evaluated for bias risk,data extracted and analyzed.Results A total of 163 articles were included,with 157 outcome indicators categorized into 6 indicator domains according to their functional attributes.The application rates in descending order were symptoms and signs(98.16%),physiological and chemical tests(58.90%),TCM syndromes(48.47%),safety events(44.17%),quality of life(39.88%),and long-term prognosis(9.20%).By analyzing the frequency and distribution of outcome indicators,indicator combinations,measurement time points and tools found that the experimental design and the registration of study protocols were ignored,and the diagnosis and evaluation criteria of anxiety and depression and TCM diagnosis/syndrome differentiation were not standardized.The selection of outcome indicators was characterized by lack of comorbidity between CHD and anxiety and depression,no separation of primary and secondary,excessive number of indicators,irregular composite indicators,inconsistent application of TCM-specific indicators,lack of long-term prognosis,safety indicators and health economics evaluation.Conclusion There are some limitations in the RCT design and outcome indicators in the TCM treatment of CHD complicated with anxiety and depression.It is imperative to establish a core outcome set and standardize trial designs to enhance research quality.

Objective To analyze the application of outcome indicators and measurement tools in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of TCM treatment for coronary heart disease(CHD)complicated with anxiety and depression in recent years;To facilitate the construction of core outcome set in this field.Methods The RCTs of TCM treatment for CHD complicated with anxiety and depression were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and the included RCTs were evaluated for bias risk,data extracted and analyzed.Results A total of 163 articles were included,with 157 outcome indicators categorized into 6 indicator domains according to their functional attributes.The application rates in descending order were symptoms and signs(98.16%),physiological and chemical tests(58.90%),TCM syndromes(48.47%),safety events(44.17%),quality of life(39.88%),and long-term prognosis(9.20%).By analyzing the frequency and distribution of outcome indicators,indicator combinations,measurement time points and tools found that the experimental design and the registration of study protocols were ignored,and the diagnosis and evaluation criteria of anxiety and depression and TCM diagnosis/syndrome differentiation were not standardized.The selection of outcome indicators was characterized by lack of comorbidity between CHD and anxiety and depression,no separation of primary and secondary,excessive number of indicators,irregular composite indicators,inconsistent application of TCM-specific indicators,lack of long-term prognosis,safety indicators and health economics evaluation.Conclusion There are some limitations in the RCT design and outcome indicators in the TCM treatment of CHD complicated with anxiety and depression.It is imperative to establish a core outcome set and standardize trial designs to enhance research quality.

Objective:To explore the best evidence of non-surgical management of stress urinary incontinence in women, so as to provide evidence for effective prevention and treatment of related diseases.Methods:According to the "6S" classification model of evidence-based retrieval resources, the researches on non-surgical management of female patients with stress urinary incontinence were retrieved in UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, major guideline websites, professional association websites and other Chinese and English databases, including clinical decision-making, evidence-based guidelines, systematic reviews, expert consensus and randomized controlled trials. The search period was from establishment of databases to April 30, 2023.Results:A total of 13 articles were included, including three clinical decisions, five guidelines, one expert consensus and four systematic evaluations. The best evidence summarized included 27 items in four aspects, such as screening and evaluation, lifestyle behavior management, functional training and medication treatment.Conclusions:The best evidence for non-surgical management of female patients with stress urinary incontinence summarized in this study can provide guidance for clinical medical staff to manage female stress urinary incontinence scientifically and normatively. Medical personnel can apply this evidence according to the national conditions of China and patients' own conditions.

Objective : To discuss the effectiveness and mechanism for movement of maxillary buccally transposed canines by using a door-shaped individualized dental archwire mechanic and to provide a reference for clinicians. Methods: Eight patients with unilateral maxillary transposed canines were enrolled. All patients were treated with door-shaped individualized archwires. Before treatment (T1) and after the crowns of the transposed canines were moved to the right buccal positions in the dental arch during the treatment (T2), orthopantomograms were taken both at T1 and T2 to compare the linear changes (distance changes of the crown and root apex) and angular changes to study the mechanisms of tooth movement. The probing depth and buccal crown height were measured using a periodontal probe to compare periodontal changes before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T3) between the transposed canines and contralateral canines. Results: All eight transposed canines were successfully brought back to their normal dental arch position but were made more buccal by using the door-shaped individualized dental archwire, with a mean of (11.5 ± 2.7) months. The average overall duration was (28.3 ± 4.7) months. The crown distance changes of the canines from T1 to T2 (8.1 mm) were greater than those of the root apexes (1.5 mm) (P<0.05). The mean angulation changes of the long axes of the canines were 17.5°. There was no significant difference in the depth of periodontal measurement and buccal crown height measurement between T1 and T3 (P>0.05). Conclusion The buccal movement of maxillary transposed canines under a door-shaped individualized dental archwire was effective and feasible. The movement pattern under this mechanism was controlled tipping.

Lung cancer is a most common malignant tumor of the lung and is the cancer with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who have undergone epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations, targeted drugs can be used for targeted therapy. There are many methods for detecting EGFR gene mutations, but each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. This study aims to predict the risk of EGFR gene mutation by exploring the association between the histological features of the whole slides pathology of non-small cell lung cancer hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and the patient's EGFR mutant gene. The experimental results show that the area under the curve (AUC) of the EGFR gene mutation risk prediction model proposed in this paper reached 72.4% on the test set, and the accuracy rate was 70.8%, which reveals the close relationship between histomorphological features and EGFR gene mutations in the whole slides pathological images of non-small cell lung cancer. In this paper, the molecular phenotypes were analyzed from the scale of the whole slides pathological images, and the combination of pathology and molecular omics was used to establish the EGFR gene mutation risk prediction model, revealing the correlation between the whole slides pathological images and EGFR gene mutation risk. It could provide a promising research direction for this field.