Long-term spaceflight exposes astronauts to multiple extreme environmental factors, such as cosmic radiation, microgravity, social isolation, and circadian rhythm disruption, that markedly increase the risk of depressive symptoms, posing a direct threat to mental health and mission safety. However, the underlying biological mechanisms remain complex and incompletely understood. The potential mechanisms of spaceflight-induced depressive symptoms involve multiple domains, including alterations in brain structure and function, dysregulation of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuroendocrine system imbalance, and gut microbiota disturbances. Collectively, these changes may constitute the biological foundation of depressive in astronauts during spaceflight. Space-related stressors may increase the risk of depressive symptoms through several pathways: impairing hippocampal neuroplasticity, suppressing dopaminergic and serotonergic system function, reducing neurotrophic factor expression, triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and disrupting gut microbiota homeostasis. Future research should integrate advanced technologies such as brain-computer interfaces to develop individualized monitoring and intervention strategies, enabling real-time detection and effective prevention of depressive symptoms to safeguard astronauts' psychological well-being and mission safety.
Space Flight ; Humans ; Astronauts/psychology* ; Depression/physiopathology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Weightlessness/adverse effects* ; Oxidative Stress ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Pituitary-Adrenal System

During long-duration manned space missions, the complex and extreme space environment exerts significant impacts on astronauts' physiological, psychological, and cognitive functions, thereby posing direct risks to mission safety and operational efficiency. As a key bridge between the brain and external devices, brain-computer interface (BCI) technology enables precise acquisition and interpretation of neural signals, offering a novel paradigm for human-machine collaboration in manned spaceflight. Non-invasive BCI technology shows broad application prospects across astronaut selection, mission training, in-orbit task execution, and post-mission rehabilitation. During mission preparation, multimodal signal assessment and neurofeedback training based on BCI can effectively enhance cognitive performance and psychological resilience. During mission execution, BCI can provide real-time monitoring of physiological and psychological states and enable intention-based device control, thereby improving operational efficiency and safety. In the post-mission rehabilitation phase, non-invasive BCI combined with neuromodulation may improve emotional and cognitive functions, support motor and cognitive recovery, and contribute to long-term health management. However, the application of BCI in space still faces challenges, including insufficient signal robustness, limited system adaptability, and suboptimal data processing efficiency. Looking forward, integrating multimodal physiological sensors with deep learning algorithms to achieve accurate monitoring and individualized intervention, and combining BCI with virtual reality and robotics to develop intelligent human-machine collaboration models, will provide more efficient support for space missions.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Space Flight ; Astronauts/psychology* ; Neurofeedback ; Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; Man-Machine Systems

Purpose To investigate the value of 99Tcm-(methoxyisobutvlisonitrile,MIBI)bone uptake on hungry bone syndrome(HBS)in renal secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT)after parathyroidectomy.Materials and Methods From June 2014 to December 2021,106 renal SHPT patients who underwent successful parathyroidectomy in Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated Nantong University were retrospectively enrolled.Visual analysis was used to evaluate the abnormal bone uptake of 99Tcm-MIBI.The patients were divided into HBS group and non-HBS group based on whether occurred HBS.The clinical features,laboratory indicators and 99Tcm-MIBI bone uptake were compared between the two groups.Results Of 106 renal SHPT patients,42(39.62%)patients with bone uptake on visual assessment,showed diffusely increased tracer accumulation,particularly in sternum,clavicle and ribs.The age in HBS group was younger than that in non-HBS group(t=-3.058),the alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone level in HBS group were higher than that in non-HBS group(Z=-5.148,-2.218),the serum corrected calcium in HBS group was lower than that in non-HBS group(Z=-2.102),the positive rate and number of 99Tcm-MIBI bone uptake in HBS group was 50%and 2(1,3),which was higher than that of 28%and 1(1,1)in non-HBS group(χ2=5.344,Z=-2.970),respectively,all showed statistically significant difference(all P<0.05).Conclusion Renal SHPT patient with HBS after parathyroidectomy is commonly related to a high level of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone,and more likely to develop abnormal 99Tcm-MIBI bone uptake.

Objective To investigate the effect of prostaglandin family(PGs)on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods HepG2 cells,a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line,were used as the research subject.The experiment was set up as a control group(Ctrl),fatty change group(FFA),prostaglandin B2(PGB2,10 μg/mL)treatment group,15-keto-prostaglandin E2(15-keto-PGE2,10 μg/mL)treatment group,and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a(8-iso-PGF2α,10 μg/mL)treatment group.Cell activity was determined by the thiazolyl blue(MTT)assay and lipid deposition was detected by the oil red O staining.The expression levels of inflammatory factors and phosphorylated insulin receptor substrates(p-IRS)were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)and Western blot,respectively.In addition,15 SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a basic group(CD group,n=5,fed with 10％low-fat forage for 16 weeks),high-fat group(HFD group,n=5,fed with 60％high-fat forage for 16 weeks to model NAFLD),and PGB2 group(n=5,given 20 μg/kg PGB2 daily by tail vein injection for 2 weeks after 16 weeks of 60％high-fat diet feeding).The glucose tolerance level of the mice was detected by the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT)and the degree of hepatic steatosis was determined by HE staining.Results Oil red O staining showed that PGs had no sig-nificant effect on the lipid deposition of NAFLD,but PGs were able to alleviate the inflammation associated with NAFLD.qRT-PCR re-sults showed that compared with the Ctrl group,the levels of IL-1β in the FFA group increased by 2.274±0.550 times(P=0.002 8),while under the action of 50 μg/mL PGB2,10 μg/mL 15-keto-PGE2 and 10 μg/mL 8-iso-PGF2α,the levels of IL-1β decreased to 0.720±0.036 times(P=0.003 1),0.857±0.225 times(P=0.006 4),and 1.767±0.725 times(P=0.029 7),respectively.Western blot results showed that after PGs treatment,the expression level of p-IRS protein was increased.The body weights of mice in the CD group,HFD group and PGB2 group were(28.560±2.028)g,(49.300±0.667)g,and(40.840±4.043)g,respectively,with statisti-cally significant differences between the groups(P=0.001 7).Moreover,the glucose tolerance results in the PGB2 group were better than those in the HFD group.HE staining results showed compared with the HFD group,the degree of hepatic steatosis in the PGB2 group was reduced.Conclusion PGB2,15-keto-PGE2,and 8-iso-PGF2α in the prostaglandin family can alleviate the occurrence and development of NAFLD by alleviating IL-1β-mediated inflammation,upregulating the expression of p-IRS,promoting the transmission of insulin signaling,and attenuating insulin resistance.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma based on three-dimensional visualization and the construction of its nomogram model.Methods:The retrospective cohort study method was conducted. The clinico-pathological data of 190 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were admitted to Henan University People′s Hospital from May 2018 to May 2021 were collected. There were 148 males and 42 females, aged (58±12)years. The 190 patients were randomly divided into the training set of 133 cases and the validation set of 57 cases by the method of random number table in the ratio of 7:3. The abdominal three-dimensional visualization system was used to characterize the tumor morphology and other imaging features. Observation indicators: (1) analysis of influencing factors for MVI in hepatocellular carcinoma; (2) construction and evaluation of nomogram model of MVI in hepatocellular carcinoma. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD, and independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups. Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M( Q1, Q3), and non-parametric rank sum test was used for comparison between groups. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers, and the chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Corresponding statistical methods were used for univariate analysis. Binary Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the nomogram model was assessed by area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve. Results:(1) Analysis of influencing factors for MVI in hepatocellular carcinoma. Among 190 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, there were 97 cases of positive MVI (including 63 cases in the training set and 34 cases in the validation set) and 93 cases of negative MVI (including 70 cases in the training set and 23 cases in the validation set). Results of multivariate analysis showed that alpha-fetoprotein, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor volume, the number of tumors, and tumor morphology were independent factors affecting the MVI of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( odds ratio=5.06, 3.62, 1.00, 2.02, 2.59, 95% confidence interval as 1.61-15.90, 1.28-10.20, 1.00-1.01, 1.02-3.98, 1.03-6.52, P<0.05). (2) Construction and evaluation of nomogram model of MVI in hepatocellular carcinoma. The results of multivariate analysis were incorporated to construct a nomogram prediction model for MVI of hepatocellular carcinoma. ROC curves showed that the AUC of the training set of nomogram model was 0.85 (95% confidence interval as 0.79-0.92), the optimal fractional cutoff based on the Jordon′s index was 0.51, the sensitivity was 0.71, and the specificity was 0.84. The above indicators of validation set were 0.92 (95% confidence interval as 0.85-0.99), 0.50, 0.90, and 0.82, respectively. The higher total score of the training set suggested a higher risk of MVI in hepatocellular carcinoma. The calibration curves of both training and validation sets of nomogram model fitted well with the standard curves and have a high degree of calibration. The decision curve showed a high net gain of nomogram model. Conclusions:Alpha-fetoprotein, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor volume, the number of tumors, and tumor morphology are independent influencing factors for MVI in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. A nomogram model constructed based on three-dimensional visualized imaging features can predict MVI in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective:To explore the effects of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene(FTO)on apoptosis and the inflammatory response of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis(OA).Methods:Differences in FTO expression between normal human cartilage tissue samples and OA cartilage tissue samples were examined.Primary OA chondrocytes were isolated and cultured, and a rat OA model was constructed.The expression of FTO was detected in clinical, animal and cellular samples.Cells were treated with an FTO knockdown lentivirus vector(sh-FTO)and an m 6A methylation inhibitor(cycloleucine). The amount of m 6A and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), were detected.Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in OA chondrocytes, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax). Results:Compared with the normal control group, FTO mRNA and protein expression in human OA cartilage tissue, rat OA cartilage tissue and OA chondrocytes was significantly increased(all P<0.05). After FTO knockdown, the level of m 6A increased, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased considerably, the apoptosis rate decreased, the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax decreased considerably, and the expression of Bcl-2 increased considerably in primary OA chondrocytes.However, cycloleucine intervention clearly reduced the level of m6A, increased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, promoted cell apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, and reversed the effect induced by the FTO knockdown lentivirus in OA chondrocytes(all P<0.05). Conclusions:FTO may be involved in mechanisms related to the action of m 6A to promote OA chondrocyte apoptosis and the inflammatory response, thus accelerating the progression of OA.

Objective:To search for evidence of capacity management in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support therapy, and summarize the evidence to provide evidence-based basis for medical staff to evaluate and manage the capacity of such patients.Methods:This study was an evidence-based nursing study. Based on the 6S evidence model, relevant evidence on patient volume management in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support therapy was systematically searched for relevant evidence on patient volume management in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support therapy from top to bottom, including UpToDate, the National Guidelines Library of the United States, the Scottish Interhospital Guidelines Network, the Medical Guidelines Network, the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization website, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Based on the inclusion criteria, clinical guidelines, expert consensus, clinical decision-making, evidence summary, and systematic evaluation were selected for literature quality evaluation to extract the best evidence. The search period was from April 10, 2017 to April 10, 2022.Results:A total of 11 articles were included and 20 pieces of evidence were extracted, which were categorized into four categories: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation team composition and personnel qualifications, evaluation and monitoring, capacity management objectives, and capacity management measures.Conclusions:Based on a large amount of evidence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for patient capacity management, this study can provide a reference basis for clinical workers to develop extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support treatment capacity management plans.

Objective:To access the clinical value and related risk factors of aortic arch calcification (AoAC) in patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) on CT during parathyroid SPECT/CT imaging.Methods:From January 2014 to May 2021, 136 renal SHPT patients (70 males, 66 females, age (50.1±11.4) years) who underwent parathyroid 99Tc m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) SPECT/CT in Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University were retrospectively enrolled. AoAC score was estimated with CT(1-5), and patients were divided into none-light AoAC group (AoAC score<3) and moderate-severe AoAC group (AoAC score≥3). Independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences of various indicators between two groups. Univariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of AoAC. Results:Of 136 renal SHPT patients, 111(81.62%) were AoAC detected by CT. There were 84 patients in none-light AoAC group and 52 patients in moderate-severe AoAC group. The age ((46.7±9.8) vs (55.7±11.6) years; t=-4.84, P<0.001), pulse pressure (52(41, 64) vs 60(51, 70) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa); z=-3.27, P=0.001), serum corrected calcium (2.41(2.28, 2.53) vs (2.49±0.22) mmol/L; z=-2.50, P=0.013), serum phosphorus ((1.95±0.39) vs (2.14±0.48) mmol/L; t=-2.54, P=0.012), calcium phosphorus product ((4.68±1.07) vs (5.29±1.10) mmol 2/L 2;t=-3.21, P=0.013) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) level (106.30(90.15, 127.45) vs 109.90(87.93, 157.63) pmol/L; z=-2.09, P=0.036) between non-light AoAC group and moderate-severe AoAC group were significantly different. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum phosphorus (odds ratio ( OR)=7.261, 95% CI: 2.416-21.819, P<0.001), calcium and phosphorus product ( OR=1.598, 95% CI: 1.073-2.380, P=0.021) and PTH level ( OR=1.018, 95% CI: 1.007-1.029, P=0.001) were independent risk factors of AoAC. Conclusions:Hybrid SPECT/CT can be used for an effective method of evaluating AoAC in patients with renal SHPT. High serum phosphorus, high calcium phosphorus product and high PTH level may be independent risk factors of AoAC.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To develop a vancomycin individualized dosing-assisted decision platform suitable for practical clinical application scenarios and provide individualized dosing recommendations for the rational use of vancomycin. METHODS Based on the vancomycin population pharmacokinetic model that had been constructed and verified to be feasible, the vancomycin individualized assisted decision-making platform was developed by using Idea2019, JDK1.8, ETL and other software tools. The platform development had gone through three main stages, included ①requirement analysis; ②design stage; ③software testing and optimization. RESULTS The vancomycin individualized assisted decision-making platform, which was successfully developed and applied, had the advantages of simple page, perfect function and convenient operation, and was divided into four main modules according to functions, namely retrieval module, information module, concentration prediction module and reporting module. The platform could connect to the hospital intranet platform to automatically obtain patient information, medication information and blood concentration test results, and calculate individual pharmacokinetic parameters for subsequent concentration prediction based on the embedded population pharmacokinetic model, combined with individual parameters. The concentration prediction module incorporated the Bayesian feedback method with patient medication information, drug concentration measurement results and relevant covariate parameter values, took the guideline-recommended trough concentration and AUC range as the target value, calculated the individualized drug administration scheme that met the target concentration range, and set up custom simulation functions considering the actual clinical application scenarios, which was of more popularization and application value. CONCLUSION Based on the vancomycin population pharmacokinetic model that has been successfully constructed in the previous stage, with the assistance of Idea2019, JDK1.8, ETL and other software tools, a vancomycin individualized dosing-assisted decision platform has successfully constructed, which can more efficiently and conveniently assist monitoring pharmacists to provide individualized dosing advice for clinical use of vancomycin.

Objective:To explore the nutritional status and quality of life of gastric cancer patients one month after operation in the context of enhanced recovery, and analyze the correlation between them.Methods:From August 2020 to August 2021, 168 patients discharged from the Gastrointestinal Surgery of Ningbo First Hospital after radical resection of gastric cancer were selected as the study subject by convenience sampling. The Nutritional Risking Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) step 2 (excluding muscle mass measurement index) were used to assess the postoperative nutritional status of patients. The quality of life of patients with gastric cancer after operation was investigated with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) . Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nutritional status of postoperative patients with gastric cancer. A total of 168 questionnaires were distributed, and 168 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 100.0%.Results:A total of 104 patients (61.9%) had nutritional risk and 46 patients (27.4%) had malnutrition. There were statistical differences in age, education level, tumor stage, body mass index, physical function, role function, emotional function, cognitive function, general health, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and loss of appetite among gastric cancer patients with different nutritional status after operation ( P<0.05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, physical function, role function, emotional function and fatigue were the influencing factors of the nutritional status of patients one month after operation ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:In the context of enhanced recovery, the nutritional risk and malnutrition rate of gastric cancer patients one month after operation are high, and are closely related to the quality of life. When implementing enhanced recovery after surgery, medical and nursing staff should strengthen and optimize the nutrition management of gastric cancer patients before hospital, during perioperative period and after discharge, improve the nutritional status after operation and the quality of life of patients.