AIM:To compare the therapeutic effects of liproxstatin-1(LIP-1)and N-acetylcysteine(NAC)in bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis.METHODS:The mice were randomly divided into the control,model(BLM),BLM+NAC,BLM+LIP-1,NAC and LIP-1 groups.The BLM+NAC and BLM+LIP-1 groups were treated with NAC by intratracheal drip and LIP-1 by intraperitoneal injection,respectively,1 day before BLM tracheal instillation.The other groups received intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of co-solvent and intragastric instillation of saline.Fourteen days after a BLM challenge,the degree of lung fibrosis and the expression levels of alveolar epithelial cell mark-ers and ferroptosis-related molecules were assessed in each group.RESULTS:LIP-1 treatment more significantly im-proved the BLM-induced decrease in body weight(P＜0.01)and survival rate in mice compared with NAC.LIP-1 more significantly reduced the severity of pulmonary fibrosis and improved collagen deposition compared with NAC.LIP-1 also more significantly alleviated alveolar structural disruption,and more significantly inhibited the decrease in the alveolar epi-thelial cell markers podoplanin and surfactant protein C,as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition,compared with NAC.LIP-1 was a more potent inhibitor of the BLM-induced increase in ferroptosis and its related molecule Heme oxygen-ase-1 than NAC.CONCLUSION:LIP-1 treatment is more effective than NAC in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis.Mecha-nistically,this finding may be related to the ability of LIP-1 to inhibit ferroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells.This study pro-vides new insights into the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and lays the foundation for the clinical application of LIP-1.

Objective To explore the core theories and medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Sj?gren syndrome(SS).Methods Search for relevant literatures on the treatment of SS with traditional Chinese medicine published in CNKI,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,VIP,and SinoMed from the establishment of the database to September 30,2022,screen the prescriptions for the treatment of SS with traditional Chinese medicine and conduct data mining.Results A total of 137 prescriptions were finally selected,involving 186 Chinese medicines.Among them,yin-nourishing medicines,interior heat-clearing medicines and qi-tonifying medicines were used most frequently,and Maidong,Shengdihuang,Baishao ranked among the top 3 in terms of usage frequency.The four qi of Chinese medicines were mainly based on the cold,and the five flavors were based on the sweet flavors.The channel tropism were based on lung meridian and liver meridian.Entropy clustering analysis finally obtained four new prescriptions.Conclusion The treatment of SS is based on nourishing yin for moistening dryness,invigorating spleen and replenishing qi,removing toxicity substance and resolving macula,and dredging channels.At the same time,it emphasizes the application of concepts such as sour and sweet transform into yin,body fluids and blood share the same source,and seeking yin from yang.

Objective To explore the core theories and medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Sj?gren syndrome(SS).Methods Search for relevant literatures on the treatment of SS with traditional Chinese medicine published in CNKI,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,VIP,and SinoMed from the establishment of the database to September 30,2022,screen the prescriptions for the treatment of SS with traditional Chinese medicine and conduct data mining.Results A total of 137 prescriptions were finally selected,involving 186 Chinese medicines.Among them,yin-nourishing medicines,interior heat-clearing medicines and qi-tonifying medicines were used most frequently,and Maidong,Shengdihuang,Baishao ranked among the top 3 in terms of usage frequency.The four qi of Chinese medicines were mainly based on the cold,and the five flavors were based on the sweet flavors.The channel tropism were based on lung meridian and liver meridian.Entropy clustering analysis finally obtained four new prescriptions.Conclusion The treatment of SS is based on nourishing yin for moistening dryness,invigorating spleen and replenishing qi,removing toxicity substance and resolving macula,and dredging channels.At the same time,it emphasizes the application of concepts such as sour and sweet transform into yin,body fluids and blood share the same source,and seeking yin from yang.

AIM:To compare the therapeutic effects of liproxstatin-1(LIP-1)and N-acetylcysteine(NAC)in bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis.METHODS:The mice were randomly divided into the control,model(BLM),BLM+NAC,BLM+LIP-1,NAC and LIP-1 groups.The BLM+NAC and BLM+LIP-1 groups were treated with NAC by intratracheal drip and LIP-1 by intraperitoneal injection,respectively,1 day before BLM tracheal instillation.The other groups received intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of co-solvent and intragastric instillation of saline.Fourteen days after a BLM challenge,the degree of lung fibrosis and the expression levels of alveolar epithelial cell mark-ers and ferroptosis-related molecules were assessed in each group.RESULTS:LIP-1 treatment more significantly im-proved the BLM-induced decrease in body weight(P＜0.01)and survival rate in mice compared with NAC.LIP-1 more significantly reduced the severity of pulmonary fibrosis and improved collagen deposition compared with NAC.LIP-1 also more significantly alleviated alveolar structural disruption,and more significantly inhibited the decrease in the alveolar epi-thelial cell markers podoplanin and surfactant protein C,as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition,compared with NAC.LIP-1 was a more potent inhibitor of the BLM-induced increase in ferroptosis and its related molecule Heme oxygen-ase-1 than NAC.CONCLUSION:LIP-1 treatment is more effective than NAC in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis.Mecha-nistically,this finding may be related to the ability of LIP-1 to inhibit ferroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells.This study pro-vides new insights into the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and lays the foundation for the clinical application of LIP-1.

Rapid and accurate identification and effective non-drug intervention are the worldwide challenges in the field of depression. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals contain rich quantitative markers of depression, but whole-brain EEG signals acquisition process is too complicated to be applied on a large-scale population. Based on the wearable frontal lobe EEG monitoring device developed by the authors' laboratory, this study discussed the application of wearable EEG signal in depression recognition and intervention. The technical principle of wearable EEG signals monitoring device and the commonly used wearable EEG devices were introduced. Key technologies for wearable EEG signals-based depression recognition and the existing technical limitations were reviewed and discussed. Finally, a closed-loop brain-computer music interface system for personalized depression intervention was proposed, and the technical challenges were further discussed. This review paper may contribute to the transformation of relevant theories and technologies from basic research to application, and further advance the process of depression screening and personalized intervention.
Humans ; Algorithms ; Depression/therapy* ; Music ; Music Therapy ; Electroencephalography ; Wearable Electronic Devices

Since the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), viral strains have mutated and evolved. Vaccine research is the most direct and effective way to control COVID-19. According to different production mechanisms, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines included inactivated virus vaccine, live attenuated vaccine, mRNA vaccine, DNA vaccine, viral vector vaccine, virus-like particle vaccine and protein subunit vaccine. Among them, viral protein subunit vaccine has a wide application prospect due to its high safety and effectiveness. Viral nucleocapsid protein has high immunogenicity and low variability which could be a new direction for vaccine production. We summarized the current development of vaccine research by reviewing the current progress, vaccine safety and vaccine immune efficiency. It is hoped that the proposed possible development strategies could provide a reference for epidemic prevention work in future.
Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Protein Subunits ; Vaccines, DNA ; Nucleocapsid Proteins

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on intestinal microbiome and organism in patients with severe pneumonia during the convalescence period. METHODS: A prospective non-randomized controlled study was conducted. From December 2021 to May 2022, patients with severe pneumonia during the convalescence period who received FMT (FMT group) and patients with severe pneumonia during the convalescence period who did not receive FMT (non-FMT group) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were enrolled. The differences of clinical indicators, gastrointestinal function and fecal traits between the two groups were compared 1 day before and 10 days after enrollment. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing technology was used to analyze the changes of intestinal flora diversity and different species in patients with FMT before and after enrollment, and metabolic pathways were analyzed and predicted by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG). Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between intestinal flora and clinical indicators in FMT group. RESULTS: The level of triacylglycerol (TG) in FMT group was significantly decreased at 10 days after enrollment compared with before enrollment [mmol/L: 0.94 (0.71, 1.40) vs. 1.47 (0.78, 1.86), P < 0.05]. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in non-FMT group was significantly decreased at 10 days after enrollment compared with before enrollment (mmol/L: 0.68±0.27 vs. 0.80±0.31, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in other clinical indexes, gastrointestinal function or fecal character scores between the two groups. Diversity analysis showed that the α diversity indexes of intestinal flora in FMT group at 10 days after enrollment were significantly higher than those in non-FMT group, and β diversity was also significantly different from that in non-FMT group. Differential species analysis showed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria at the level of intestinal flora in FMT group at 10 days after enrollment was significantly lower than that in non-FMT group [8.554% (5.977%, 12.159%) vs. 19.285% (8.054%, 33.207%), P < 0.05], while the relative abundance of Fusobacteria was significantly higher than that in non-FMT group [6.801% (1.373%, 20.586%) vs. 0.003% (0%, 9.324%), P < 0.05], and the relative abundance of Butyricimonas, Fusobacterium and Bifidobacterium at the genus level of the intestinal flora was significantly higher than that in non-FMT group [Butyricimonas: 1.634% (0.813%, 2.387%) vs. 0% (0%, 0.061%), Fusobacterium: 6.801% (1.373%, 20.586%) vs. 0.002% (0%, 9.324%), Bifidobacterium: 0.037% (0%, 0.153%) vs. 0% (0%, 0%), all P < 0.05]. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that the intestinal flora of FMT group was changed in bisphenol degradation, mineral absorption, phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism, cardiac muscle contraction, Parkinson disease and other metabolic pathways and diseases. Correlation analysis showed that Actinobacteria and prealbumin (PA) in intestinal flora of FMT group were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.53, P = 0.043), Bacteroidetes was positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen (BUN; r = 0.56, P = 0.029) and complement C3 (r = 0.57, P = 0.027), Firmicutes was positively correlated with BUN (r = 0.56, P = 0.029) and complement C3 (r = 0.57, P = 0.027), Fusobacteria was significantly positively correlated with immunoglobulin M (IgM; r = 0.71, P = 0.003), Proteobacteria was significantly positively correlated with procalcitonin (PCT; r = 0.63, P = 0.012) and complement C4 (r = 0.56, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS FMT can reduce TG level, reconstruct intestinal microecological structure, change body metabolism and function, and alleviate inflammatory response by reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria in patients with severe pneumonia during the convalescence period.
Humans ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Complement C3 ; Convalescence ; Prospective Studies ; Feces

Objective:To explore the therapeutic characteristics of population with gout achieving treat-to-target (T2T) indicators through real-world research and evaluate their safety.Methods:A total of 3 287 patients diagnosed with gout by rheumatologists in 21 first-class tertiary hospitals in 10 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from January 2015 to December 2021 were included in this polycentric cross-sectional study. The database included patients′ general information, disease characteristics, and clinical application of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment measures. SPSS and Excel software were used for data analysis. Frequency analysis, cluster analysis, and factor analysis were used to summarize the characteristics and rules of treatment measures for patients with gout who achieved the target after treatment. The occurrence of adverse events (AE) was recorded during treatment.Results:After treatment, 691 visits (7%) achieved the serum urate (SUA) target, and the most frequent use of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) was febuxostat, followed by benzbromarone. The most common treatment options were following: GroupⅠ: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction-TCM external treatment-physical exercise-proprietary Chinese medicine; GroupⅡ: ferulic acid-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); Group Ⅲ: allopurinol-sodium bicarbonate-benzbromarone; Group Ⅳ: glucocorticoid-colchicine; Group Ⅴ: febuxostat. A total of 5 898 visits (60%) chieved manifestations of joint pain VAS scores target, and the most frequently used drug to control joint symptoms was NSAIDs. The frequency of use of drugs to control joint symptoms were 2 118 times (usage rate reached 35.9%), while the frequency of ULT were 2 504 times (usage rate reached 42.5%), which was higher than the joint symptom control drug. The most common treatment options were following: Group Ⅰ: proprietary Chinese medicine-TCM decoction-TCM external treatment-physical exercise; Group Ⅱ: NSAIDs-colchicine hormones; Group Ⅲ: allopurinol, Group Ⅳ: benzbromarone; Group Ⅴ: febuxostat. A total of 59 adverse events occurred during treatment.Conclusion:The proportions of gout patients who reach target serum urate level & good control of joint symptoms are both very low, and ULT and anti-inflammatory prescription patterns are very different from international guidelines, so it is necessary to strengthen the standardized management of gout patients. At the same time, life intervention measures account for a certain proportion of the treatment plans for the T2T population, and further exploration is needed.

Objective:To evaluate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling pathway in 17β estradiol-induced reduction of long-term cognitive impairment induced by multiple propofol anesthesia in developing rats.Methods:Eighty 7-day-old clean-grade healthy newborn Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 11-17 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), propofol group (group P), 17β estradiol plus propofol group (EP group) and 17β estradiol plus propofol plus BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway blocker K252a group (K group). Propofol 80 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected every day for 5 days in P, EP and K groups.The equal volume of fat emulsion was given instead in group C. In EP and K groups, 17β estradiol 600 μg/kg was subcutaneously injected at 30 min before propofol injection.BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway blocker K252a 100 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in group K. Morris water maze test was performed on days 30-34 after birth to assess the cognitive function.The rats were sacrificed after the end of Morris water maze test, and the hippocampal tissues were removed for determination of the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons (by flow cytometry), expression of BDNF, p-Trkb and cleaved caspase-3 (by Western blot and immunofluorescence), and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction) and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region (with a light microscope). Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio was calculated. Results:Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the expression of BDNF and p-TrkB was down-regulated, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were increased ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were accentuated in group P. Compared with group P, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, the expression of BDNF and p-TrkB was up-regulated, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was down-regulated, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were decreased( P<0.05), and the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were attenuated in group EP.Compared with group EP, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the expression of BDNF and p-TrkB was down-regulated, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were increased( P<0.05), and the pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region were accentuated in group K. Conclusions:BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway is involved in 17β estradiol-induced reduction of long-term cognitive impairment induced by multiple propofol anesthesia in developing rats.

Objective To establish and assess the utility of 99Tcm-sulfur colloid (SC) salivary imaging in the routine evaluation of pulmonary aspiration in adult patients with respiratory tract diseases.Methods Eight patients (7 men,1 woman; age range 68 to 80 years,mean age (76 ± 4) years) with respiratory tract disease and history of aspiration by clinical assessment were evaluated prospectively by 99Tcm-SC salivary imaging from April to July 2012.A dose of 74.0 MBq 99Tcm-SC was added to 20 ml saline,mixed well,and administered orally to patients.Dynamic imaging was acquired with posterior projection for 30 min at a rate of 30 s per frame.Two experienced physicians assessed all examination results and reached consensus for final diagnosis.Radioactivity detected at either the bronchi or within the lung fields was reported as positive for aspiration.This study was approved by the institutional review board of Hospital Ethical Committee,and the written informed consent was obtained from patients or their guardians.Results All patients were positive for aspiration by 99Tcm-SC salivary imaging (8/8).Aspiration into bilateral main bronchus was seen in 2 cases,right main bronchus and branch in 4 cases,and left main bronchus and branch in 2 cases.Aspirated tracer could be visualized as early as 3 min,latest at 24 min,and the median was 19 min.Conclusion 99Tcm-SC salivary imaging is useful for the detection of aspiration in adult patients with respiratory tract diseases.