Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).Methods:A cross-sectional study and analysis were conducted to summarize the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 9 918 patients with CNS infectious diseases, who were diagnosed and treated at 29 hospitals across China from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2020. Data collected included demographic data, clinical manifestations, health economic indicators, and prognostic outcomes.Results:Among the 9 918 collected cases of CNS infectious diseases, 5 559 were male (56.0%) and 4 359 were female (44.0%), with an onset age of 38 (25, 53) years. Education level: slightly more junior high school education (2 651 cases, 26.7%), and less elementary school education and below (2 181 cases, 22.0%) were found. Occupational distribution: farmers were found predominant (3 215 cases, 32.4%), followed by workers (1 826 cases, 18.4%) and students (1 633 cases, 16.5%). Clinical manifestations: headache (6 074 cases, 61.2%), fever (5 869 cases, 59.2%) and positive meningeal irritation signs (2 273 cases, 22.9%) were the 3 most common clinical manifestations, followed by nausea and (or) vomiting (2 095 cases, 21.1%), impaired consciousness (2 077 cases, 20.9%), psychiatric symptom (1 866 cases, 18.8%) and epilepsy (1 627 cases, 16.4%), etc., and cranial nerve involvement was found in 669 cases (6.7%). Major pathogens included viruses in 6 814 cases (68.7%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1 677 cases (16.9%), common bacteria in 864 cases (8.7%), fungi in 254 cases (2.6%), spirochetes of syphilis in 183 cases (1.8%), parasites in 121 cases (1.2%), and rickettsiae in 5 cases (0.1%). Urban-rural distribution: slightly more cases were found in the countryside (5 418 cases, 54.6%) than in the towns (4 500 cases, 45.4%). Distribution of onset by season: 2 412 cases (24.3%) fell ill in spring, 2 835 cases (28.6%) in summer, 2 187 cases (22.1%) in fall, and 2 484 cases (25.0%) in winter. Health economics: the duration of hospitalization was 15 (8, 27) days, and the cost of hospitalization was 1.53 (0.91, 3.02)×10 000 yuan. Prognosis: 9 531 cases (96.1%) were cured or improved, and 92 cases (0.9%) died. Conclusions:The pathogens responsible for CNS infectious diseases are predominantly viruses. Although the incidence is slightly higher during the summer months, the overall seasonal pattern is not particularly pronounced. These infections are more commonly observed in young and middle-aged males and present with a diverse range of clinical manifestations, contributing to a significant disease burden.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).Methods:A cross-sectional study and analysis were conducted to summarize the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 9 918 patients with CNS infectious diseases, who were diagnosed and treated at 29 hospitals across China from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2020. Data collected included demographic data, clinical manifestations, health economic indicators, and prognostic outcomes.Results:Among the 9 918 collected cases of CNS infectious diseases, 5 559 were male (56.0%) and 4 359 were female (44.0%), with an onset age of 38 (25, 53) years. Education level: slightly more junior high school education (2 651 cases, 26.7%), and less elementary school education and below (2 181 cases, 22.0%) were found. Occupational distribution: farmers were found predominant (3 215 cases, 32.4%), followed by workers (1 826 cases, 18.4%) and students (1 633 cases, 16.5%). Clinical manifestations: headache (6 074 cases, 61.2%), fever (5 869 cases, 59.2%) and positive meningeal irritation signs (2 273 cases, 22.9%) were the 3 most common clinical manifestations, followed by nausea and (or) vomiting (2 095 cases, 21.1%), impaired consciousness (2 077 cases, 20.9%), psychiatric symptom (1 866 cases, 18.8%) and epilepsy (1 627 cases, 16.4%), etc., and cranial nerve involvement was found in 669 cases (6.7%). Major pathogens included viruses in 6 814 cases (68.7%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1 677 cases (16.9%), common bacteria in 864 cases (8.7%), fungi in 254 cases (2.6%), spirochetes of syphilis in 183 cases (1.8%), parasites in 121 cases (1.2%), and rickettsiae in 5 cases (0.1%). Urban-rural distribution: slightly more cases were found in the countryside (5 418 cases, 54.6%) than in the towns (4 500 cases, 45.4%). Distribution of onset by season: 2 412 cases (24.3%) fell ill in spring, 2 835 cases (28.6%) in summer, 2 187 cases (22.1%) in fall, and 2 484 cases (25.0%) in winter. Health economics: the duration of hospitalization was 15 (8, 27) days, and the cost of hospitalization was 1.53 (0.91, 3.02)×10 000 yuan. Prognosis: 9 531 cases (96.1%) were cured or improved, and 92 cases (0.9%) died. Conclusions:The pathogens responsible for CNS infectious diseases are predominantly viruses. Although the incidence is slightly higher during the summer months, the overall seasonal pattern is not particularly pronounced. These infections are more commonly observed in young and middle-aged males and present with a diverse range of clinical manifestations, contributing to a significant disease burden.

Objective To explore the efficacy of fixed-loop fixation and adjustable-loop fixation in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction with excessively short femoral tunnel.Methods A total of 493 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction at our hospital from January 2019 to July 2020 were reviewed,including 57 patients with femoral tunnel＜30 mm and 47 patients ultimately included.According to the fixation method,they were divided into EndoButton group(n=31)and TightRope group(n=16).The International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)score,Lysholm score,and Tegner score were used to evaluate joint function at 6 and 12 months postoperatively,respectively.The Lachman test and anterior drawer test were used to evaluate joint laxity at 12 months postoperatively.The clinical effects of the two fixation methods were compared.Results At 6 months postoperatively,the IKDC scores of the EndoButton group and TightRope group were(64.1±11.0)points and(62.6±9.2)points,respectively,with no significant difference(t=0.464,P=0.645).The Lysholm scores were(81.9±10.6)points and(85.3±9.3)points,with no significant difference(t=-1.079,P=0.286).The Tegner scores were(2.2±0.9)points and(1.9±0.9)points,with no statistically significant difference(t=0.933,P=0.356).At 12 months postoperatively,the IKDC scores of the EndoButton group and TightRope group were(81.4±9.3)points and(78.2±9.2)points,with no statistically significant difference(t=1.068,P=0.291).The Lysholm scores were(94.6±6.1)points and(93.4±7.4)points,with no statistically significant difference(t=0.626,P=0.534).The Tegner scores were(3.8±1.0)points and(3.4±1.2)points,with no statistically significant difference(t=1.402,P=0.168).There was no significant difference in the Lachman test and front drawer test between the two groups at 12 months after surgery(Z=-0.039,P=0.969;Z=-0.294,P=0.769).Conclusion In arthroscopic ACL reconstruction surgery,both EndoButton(15 mm)and TightRope can achieve good clinical results for excessively short femoral tunnel(＜30 mm).

Objective To explore the efficacy of fixed-loop fixation and adjustable-loop fixation in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction with excessively short femoral tunnel.Methods A total of 493 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction at our hospital from January 2019 to July 2020 were reviewed,including 57 patients with femoral tunnel＜30 mm and 47 patients ultimately included.According to the fixation method,they were divided into EndoButton group(n=31)and TightRope group(n=16).The International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)score,Lysholm score,and Tegner score were used to evaluate joint function at 6 and 12 months postoperatively,respectively.The Lachman test and anterior drawer test were used to evaluate joint laxity at 12 months postoperatively.The clinical effects of the two fixation methods were compared.Results At 6 months postoperatively,the IKDC scores of the EndoButton group and TightRope group were(64.1±11.0)points and(62.6±9.2)points,respectively,with no significant difference(t=0.464,P=0.645).The Lysholm scores were(81.9±10.6)points and(85.3±9.3)points,with no significant difference(t=-1.079,P=0.286).The Tegner scores were(2.2±0.9)points and(1.9±0.9)points,with no statistically significant difference(t=0.933,P=0.356).At 12 months postoperatively,the IKDC scores of the EndoButton group and TightRope group were(81.4±9.3)points and(78.2±9.2)points,with no statistically significant difference(t=1.068,P=0.291).The Lysholm scores were(94.6±6.1)points and(93.4±7.4)points,with no statistically significant difference(t=0.626,P=0.534).The Tegner scores were(3.8±1.0)points and(3.4±1.2)points,with no statistically significant difference(t=1.402,P=0.168).There was no significant difference in the Lachman test and front drawer test between the two groups at 12 months after surgery(Z=-0.039,P=0.969;Z=-0.294,P=0.769).Conclusion In arthroscopic ACL reconstruction surgery,both EndoButton(15 mm)and TightRope can achieve good clinical results for excessively short femoral tunnel(＜30 mm).

The impact of plateau environment on cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is more complex and diverse than in plain areas. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, affected sites, and especially the pathogenesis of CVT in plateau areas.

Objective: To understand physical activity status and its relation with cardiopulmonary endurance among Chinese children and adolescents, so as to provide reference for cardiopulmonary endurance improvement and intervention of Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: During September to November 2018, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4 269 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in six major regions of China, 20 m shuttle run test and physical activity were assessed. Results: Average duration for daily lowintensity physical activity among boys was (31.49±30.01) min, for moderate to vigorous physical activity (68.37±46.50) min. Average duration for low intensity physical activity among girls was (34.02±31.58) min, for moderate to vigorous physical activity was (63.02±44.91) min. The number of 20 m shuttle run test for boys reached ( 36.17 ±21.94) times, and the maximal oxygen uptake per minute was (44.51±5.05) mL/kg; the number of 20 m shuttle run test for girls reached (26.59±12.56) times, and the maximal oxygen uptake per minute was (41.99±5.29) mL/kg. There were statistically significant differences in the number of 20 m shuttle run test and maximal oxygen uptake across age groups in boys ( F= 589.37 , 152.79, P <0.01), as well as that in girls ( F=305.21, 1 032.46, P <0.01). The proportion of boys and girls who met moderate to vigorous physical activity standard was 49.24% and 42.92%, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity and maximal oxygen uptake ( β=0.11, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion There is a significant correlation between moderate to vigorous physical activity with cardiorespiratory endurance among Chinese children and adolescents. Higher level of moderate to vigorous physical activity is important to help improve cardiopulmonary endurance among children and adolescents.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of O-arm-based thoracolumbar pedicle screw installation.Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 75 patients who had undergone thoracolumbar pedicle screw fixation assisted with O-arm navigation (navigation group,n =32) and C-arm fluoroscopy (fluoroscopy group,n =43) from March to October 2014.All the patients were assessed with X-ray and CT images after operation.Accuracy of screw installation in both groups was compared.In navigation group,screw directions were measured on the sagittal and axial images of intraoperative navigation and post-operative CT scanning to evaluate the concordance.Results In fluoroscopy group,a total of 206 pedicle screws were placed with the one-time success rate of 93.2％ and accuracy of 90.8％ for screw placement,and one misplaced screw (grade llⅢ) led to L3 nerve root symptom.In navigation group,a total of 226 pedicle screws were placed with the one-time success rate of 100％ and accuracy of 96.9％ for screw placement,and no screw was grade Ⅲ.Further,there were no significant differences in screw directions on the sagittal and axial images between intraoperative navigation and postoperative CT scanning (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion O-arm navigation that provides high-resolution images and high precision improves the accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screw installation,and possesses good reliability.