Chronic refractory wound (CRW) is one of the most challengeable issues in clinic due to complex pathogenesis, long course of disease and poor prognosis. Experts need to conduct systematic summary for the diagnosis and treatment of CRW due to complex pathogenesis and poor prognosis, and standard guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of CRW should be created. The Guideline forthe diagnosis and treatment of chronic refractory wounds in orthopedic trauma patients ( version 2023) was created by the expert group organized by the Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Chinese Orthopedic Association, Chinese Society of Traumatology, and Trauma Orthopedics and Multiple Traumatology Group of Emergency Resuscitation Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association after the clinical problems were chosen based on demand-driven principles and principles of evidence-based medicine. The guideline systematically elaborated CRW from aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative management, complication prevention and comorbidity management, and rehabilitation and health education, and 9 recommendations were finally proposed to provide a reliable clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of CRW.

Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the main complications in patients with traumatic fractures, and for severe patients, the DVT can even affect arterial blood supply, resulting in insufficient limb blood supply. If the thrombus breaks off, pulmonary embolism may occur, with a high mortality. The treatment and rehabilitation strategies of thrombosis in patients with lower extremity fractures have its particularity. DVT in traumatic fractures patients has attracted extensive attention and been largely studied, and the measures for prevention and treatment of DVT are constantly developing. In recent years, a series of thrombosis prevention and treatment guidelines have been updated at home and abroad, but there are still many doubts about the prevention and treatment of DVT in patients with different traumatic fractures. Accordingly, on the basis of summarizing the latest evidence-based medical evidence at home and abroad and the clinical experience of the majority of experts, the authors summarize the clinical treatment and prevention protocols for DVT in patients with traumatic fractures, and make this consensus on the examination and assessment, treatment, prevention and preventive measures for DVT in patients with different fractures so as to provide a practicable approach suitable for China ′s national conditions and improve the prognosis and the life quality of patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the guidance value of “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory in the prevention and treatment of corona virus disease 2019（COVID-19） based on the differences of syndromes and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatments in COVID-19 patients from Xingtai Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Hebei province and Ruili Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Dai Medicine of Yunnan province and discuss its significance in the prevention and treatment of the unexpected acute infectious diseases. MethodDemographics data and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients from the two hospitals were collected retrospectively and analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The information on formulas was obtained from the hospital information system （HIS） of the two hospitals and analyzed by the big data intelligent processing and knowledge service system of Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine for frequency statistics and association rules analysis. Heat map-hierarchical clustering analysis was used to explore the correlation between clinical characteristics and formulas. ResultA total of 175 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The 70 patients in Xingtai，dominated by young and middle-aged males，had clinical symptoms of fever， abnormal sweating，and fatigue. The main pathogenesis is stagnant cold-dampness in the exterior and impaired yin by depressed heat， with manifest cold， dampness， and deficiency syndromes. The therapeutic methods highlight relieving exterior syndrome and resolving dampness， accompanied by draining depressed heat. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Armeniacae Semen Amarum，Gypsum Fibrosum，Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，and Pogostemonis Herba. By contrast，the 105 patients in Ruili， dominated by young females， had atypical clinical symptoms， and most of them were asymptomatic patients or mild cases. The main pathogenesis is dampness obstructing the lung and the stomach， with obvious dampness and heat syndromes. The therapeutic methods are mainly invigorating the spleen， resolving dampness， and dispersing Qi with light drugs. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，Coicis Semen，Platycodonis Radix，Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， and Pogostemonis Herba. ConclusionThe differences in clinical characteristics， TCM syndromes， and medication of COVID-19 patients from the two places may result from different regions，population characteristics， and the time point of the COVID-19 outbreak. The “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory can help to understand the internal correlation and guide the treatments.

Objective:To assess the agreement between measurements of spatiotemporal gait characteristics made with Gaitboter and Noraxon gait analysis systems. Methods:From February to April, 2019, 35 healthy adults were recruited to participate in gait analysis using Gaitboter and Noraxon gait analysis apparatuses, respectively. Stance phase, swing phase, stride length, cadence, velocity and toe out were recorded and computed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate the agreement between the two gait analysis systems. Results:There was a good reliability in spatiotemporal gait characteristics between two gait analysis systems (ICC 0.691 to 0.835). Bland-Altman plots also showed good agreement. Conclusion:The measurements of temporal and spatial parameters with Gaitboter and Noraxon gait analysis systems yield acceptable agreement, and further study needs to be conducted on the validity of the Gaitboter gait analysis system.

Antiviral Oral Liquid is modified on the basis of Baihu Decoction in Treatise on Febrility Diseases by ZHANG Zhongjing and Qingwen Baidu Yin in Qing Dynasty, with effects in clearing toxic heat, repelling dampness and cooling blood. It is widely used in clinical treatment of common colds, influenza and upper respiratory tract infection, mumps, viral conjunctivitis and hand-foot-mouth disease, with a good clinical efficacy and safety. Based on a questionnaire survey of clinicians and a systematic review of study literatures on Antiviral Oral Liquid, the international clinical practice guidelines development method was adopted to analyze the optimal available evidences and expert experiences in the "evidence-based, consensus-based and experience-based" principles. The consensus was jointly reached by more than 30 multidisciplinary experts nationwide, including clinical experts of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the field of respiratory diseases and infectious diseases, and methodological experts. In the study, literatures were retrieved based on clinical problems in the clinical survey as well as PICO clinical problems. The GRADE system was used for the classification and evaluation of evidence, and fully combined with clinical expert experience, so as to reach expert consensus by the nominal grouping method. This expert consensus recommended or suggested indications, usage and dosage, course of treatment, intervention time for treatment, and the safety and precautions of Antiviral Oral Liquid for treatment of influenza, and can provide reference for the rational use of this drug in clinical practice.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To observe the effect of Liuwei Dihuangtang on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in rats with chronic renal failure. Method:The 45 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （n=10）， sham group （n=10） and operation group （n=25）. The operation group received 5/6 nephrectomy， and the rats in operation group were randomly divided into the model group and the treatment group after successful modeling. The treatment group received Liuwei Dihuangtang by gavage administration， while the rest of the three groups received equal volume of distilled water by gavage administration， with a treatment course of 8 weeks. The quantitative levels of serum creatinine （SCr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and urine protein in each group were determined. Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the histopathological changes of rat kidney. The structural changes of mitochondria in renal tubular epithelial cells were observed under electron microscope. The apoptotic rate was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling（TUNEL）. The expression of B cell lymphoma -2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， cytochrome C （Cyt C） and cysteine aspartic acid protease -3 （Caspase-3） were analyzed by Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:As compared with the normal group， the quantitative levels of SCr， BUN and urinary protein in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the above indicators were improved in the treatment group as compared with the model group （P<0.05）. No significant pathological changes and damage of mitochondrial structure were observed in the kidney tissues of the control group and the sham group. In the model group， there were different degrees of renal tubular atrophy and dilatation， interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition， and mitochondria swelling and breaking， but such lesions were significantly alleviated in the treatment group. As compared with the normal group， apoptotic rate was increased significantly in model group （P<0.01）， the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， apoptotic rate was significantly reduced in the treatment group （P<0.01）， the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased （P<0.01）. In the normal group and sham group， Cyt C was mainly located in mitochondria. The expression of Cyt C in the cytoplasm of the model group was increased significantly （P<0.01）， while that of the treatment group was decreased （P<0.01）. Conclusion:Liuwei Dihuangtang can alleviate renal fibrosis and delay the progression of renal function. The mechanism of reducing apoptosis may be associated with protecting mitochondrial structure and regulating the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.