Objective To investigate the prevalence of visual fatigue among Chinese college students with the usage of electronic products.Methods A total of 6000 college students were recruited from 127 universities in 29 cities (except Taiwan,Qinghai,Tibet,Ningxia and Xinjiang).The questionnaire involved questions pertaining to the dependence of electronic products,use of electronic products in dormitory,home,vehicles,and prevalence of visual fatigue.Logistic regression was performed to analyze the potential risk factors for visual fatigue.Results A total of 4848 questionnaires were valid,involving 2259 male and 2589 female students.The results revealed that the incidence of visual fatigue in Chinese college students was 53.5％,a higher rate in females than in males.And 33.8％ of whole group admitted that they had become relied on electronic products.The proportion of electronic products used at the table,on the bed,transport equipment reached 91.3％,87.6％ and 74.8％,respectively.In terms of the usage duration,38.3％ of surveyed students use mobile phone,Tablet PC over 4 hours per day,with 29.7％ using electronic products over 1 hour on the bed and 49.1％ in vehicles over 0.5 hour.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of visual fatigue were related to gender,dependence on electronic products,the use of electronic products in dormitory,home,vehicles.Conclusion The prevalence of visual fatigue is relatively high among Chinese college students,which may be associated with the following several factors,including gender,dependence on electronic products and the use of electronic products in dormitory,home and vehicles.

OBJECTIVE: To study the promoting-apoptosis effect of HDAC6 on the human leukemia cells and its mechanism. METHODS: The siRNA interference technology was used to inhibit the expression of HDAC6 gene, the RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HDAC6 and related signal pathway proteins respectively, the flow cytometry and Hoechest staining were used to detect the apoptosis and morphology changes of K562 cells. RESULTS: Compared with the periphal blood monocyte and bone marrow stromal cells of healthy volunteers, the expression level of HDAC6 in leukemia cell lines was up-regulated significantly(P<0.05); the flow cytometry and Hoechest staining showed that after interference of HDAC6 gene, the apoptosis of K562 cells increased, moreover the cell morphology was changed; the Western blot detection showed that the interfering HDAC6 increased BAX/BCL-2 ratio and cleaved caspase 3 expression, and activated the MAPK, ATK, ERK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The interferance of HDAC6 can promote the K562 cell apoptosis, its mechanism may relate with activation of MAPK signaling pathway.
Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Histone Deacetylase 6 ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; RNA, Small Interfering

AIM:To compare the clinical effect of 23G and 25G+ vitrectomy for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODS: A total of 128 PDR patients (195 eyes) requiring vitrectomy in our hospital from November 2013 to May 2016 were randomly divided into 25G+ group and 23G group, 64 cases (97 eyes) in 25G+ group and 64 cases (98 eyes) in 23G group.In 25G+ group, patients were treated by 25G+ vitrectomy.In 23G group, patients were treated by 23G vitrectomy.The visual acuity, as well as intraocular pressure (IOP), iatrogenic injury and complications in two groups were recorded before and 1d, 1wk, 1mo after treatment.The operation time was compared between two groups.RESULTS: The operation time in 25G+ group was lower than that in 23G group (P<0.05).The postoperative visual acuity at 1mo of two groups were improved compared with before surgery (P<0.01).However, visual acuity between two groups in the same period had no significant difference (P>0.05).IOP in 25G+ group before surgery had no significant difference compared with those after surgery at 1d,1wk, and 1mo(P>0.05), which it was the same in 23G group.IOP of two groups in the same period had no significant difference (P>0.05).The incidence rate of iatrogenic injury in 25G+ group was 4.1%, which was significant lower than that of 23G group (13.3%) (P<0.05).The incidence rate of complication in 25G+ group was 3.1%, which was significant lower than that of 23G group (11.2%) (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Both 23G and 25G+ vitrectomy are safe and effective treatment for PDR.However, 25G+ vitrectomy is the better choice for PDR for the shorter operation time, lower incidence rate of iatrogenic injury and fewer surgical complications.

Silibinin, a natural flavonoid antioxidant isolated from extracts of the milk thistle herb, has recently been identified as having anti-hepatotoxic and anticancer properties. In this paper, we investigated the effects of silibinin on behavior and neuroplasticity in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After 5 consecutive weeks of CUMS, the mice were treated with silibinin (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg by oral gavage) for 3 consecutive weeks. The results showed that silibinin administration significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior, including the total number of squares crossed and the frequency of rearing in the open field test, the immobility time in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test. Furthermore, silibinin treatment increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our study provides new insight into the protective effects of silibinin on the depressive status of CUMS mice, specifically by improving neuroplasticity and neurotransmission.
Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Depression ; Hindlimb Suspension ; Hippocampus ; Mice* ; Milk Thistle ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Norepinephrine ; Physical Exertion ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Serotonin ; Synaptic Transmission

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of Bushen Shuji Granule (BSG) in treating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.

METHODSA prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in 62 active stage AS patients with Shen deficiency Du-channel cold syndrome (SDDCS), who were randomly assigned to the BSG group (treated with BSG) and the control group (treated with Celecoxib Capsule). Twelve weeks consisted of one therapeutic course. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by ASAS20 and ASAS40 (set by Assessments in Ankylosing Spondylitis working group) , BASDA150, Chinese medical (CM) syndrome efficacy evaluation standards. BASDAI, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), the Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI), scores for spine pain, scores for pain at night, patient global assessment (PGA) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) , and C reactive protein (CRP) were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter three-month treatment by BSG, ASAS20 standard rate was 63. 33% (19/30 cases) in the BSG group and 66.67% (20/30 cases) in the control group with no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 0.073, P > 0.05). The efficacy for CM syndromes was 70.00% (21/30 cases) in the BSG group, higher than that in the control group [40.00% (12/30 cases), χ2 = 5.455, P < 0.05]. Scores for CM syndromes, BASDAI, night pain index, spinal pain index, PGA, CRP were improved in the BSG group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The incidence of adverse events in the BSG group was lower than that of the control group.

CONCLUSIONBSG based on Shen supplementing, Du-channel strengthening, blood activating, and channels dredging method had good short-term clinical efficacy and safety in treating AS.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomedical Research ; Blood Sedimentation ; C-Reactive Protein ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pain ; Prospective Studies ; Safety ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; drug therapy

BACKGROUNDUnstable pelvic fractures are complex and serious injuries. Selection of a fixation method for these fractures remains a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons. This study aimed to compare the stability of Tile C pelvic fractures fixed with two iliosacral (IS) screws and minimally invasive adjustable plate (MIAP) combined with one IS screw.

METHODSThis study was a biomechanical experiment. Six embalmed specimens of the adult pelvis were used. The soft tissue was removed from the specimens, and the spines from the fourth lumbar vertebra to the proximal one-third of both femurs were retained. The pubic symphysis, bilateral sacroiliac joints and ligaments, bilateral hip joints, bilateral sacrotuberous ligaments, and bilateral sacrospinous ligaments were intact. Tile C pelvic fractures were made on the specimens. The symphysis pubis was fixed with a plate, and the fracture on the posterior pelvic ring was fixed with two kinds of internal fixation in turn. The specimens were placed in a biomechanical machine at a standing neutral posture. A cyclic vertical load of up to 500 N was applied, and displacement was recorded. Shifts in the fracture gap were measured by a grating displacement sensor.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USEDPaired-samples t-test.

RESULTSUnder the vertical load of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 N, the average displacement of the specimens fixed with MIAP combined with one IS screw was 0.46, 0.735, 1.377, 1.823, and 2.215 mm, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of specimens fixed with two IS screws under corresponding load (P < 0.05). Under the vertical load of 500 N, the shift in the fracture gap of specimens fixed with MIAP combined with one IS screw was 0.261 ± 0.095 mm, and that of specimens fixed with two IS screws was 0.809 ± 0.170 mm. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe stability of Tile C pelvic fractures fixed with MIAP combined with one IS screw was better than that fixed with two IS screws.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; surgery

Carnosol has been proved to have anti-breast cancer effect in previous research. But its ER subtype's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of carnosol on cell proliferation and its estrogen receptor α and β's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms with ER positive breast cancer T47D cell. With estrogen receptor α and β antagonists MPP and PHTPP as tools, the MTT cell proliferation assay was performed to observe the effect of carnosol on T47D cell proliferation. The changes in the T47D cell proliferation cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of carnosol on ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells was measured by Western blot. The findings showed that 1 x 10(-5)-1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly inhibit the T47D cell proliferation, which could be enhanced by MPP or weakened by PHTPP. Meanwhile, 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) or 1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly increase ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells, and remarkably increase ERα/ERβ ratio. The results showed that carnosol showed the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ER positive breast cancer cells through target cell ER, especially ERβ pathway. In the meantime, carnosol could regulate expressions and proportions of target cell ER subtype ERα and ERβ.
Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology

Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Meningitis, Meningococcal ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect and safety of modified Bushen Zhuanggu Recipe (BZR) in treating ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

METHODSRecruited were 96 AS outpatients of Shen deficiency induced cold-dampness syndrome (SDCDS) or Shen deficiency dampness-heat syndrome (SDDHS) at clinics of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from May 2010 to May 2011. They were randomly assigned to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment group and the Western medicine (WM) treatment group in the ratio of 1:1. Those in the TCM treatment group were syndrome typed as the SDCDS group (group A, 22 cases, treated by Bushen Zhuanggu Quhan Decoction + WM placebos) and the SDDHS group (group B, 26 cases, treated by Bushen Zhuanggu Qinghua Decoction +WM placebos). Those in the WM treatment group were syndrome typed as SDCDS group (group C, 27 cases, treated by SASP + TCM placebos) and the SDDHS group (group D, 21 cases, treated by SASP +TCM placebos). Totally 12 weeks consisted of one therapeutic course. BAS-G, BASFI, BASDAI, spine pain, pain at night, TCM symptom score, distance between occipital and wall, distance between finger and ground, thoracic activity, spine activity, Schober test, ESR, CRP were observed as the observing indices; ASAS20, ASAS50, ASAS70, BASDAI50, and criteria of TCM were explored for clinical evaluation and safety evaluation.

RESULTSIn comparison with the same group before treatment,BAS-G, BASFI, BASDAI, spine pain, pain at night, TCM syndrome score,distance between finger and ground, Schober test, ESR, and CRP were improved after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). In group A and C, thoracic activity and spine activity were getting better (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). In group B distance between occipital and wall and spine activity were getting better (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). In comparison with group C, BAS-G, BASFI, BASDAI, spine pain, distance between finger and ground,thoracic activity,spine activity, Schober test, ESR, CRP were getting better in group A after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). In comparison with group D, BASFI, BASDAI, spine pain, pain at night,distance between finger and ground, distance between occipital and wall, spine activity, Schober test, and ESR were getting better in group B after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The total effective rate, ASAS20, ASAS50, ASAS70, and BASDAI50 were higher in the TCM treatment group than in the WM treatment group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONModified BZR was more effective than SASP method in relieving clinical symptoms and signs, TCM syndrome scores, and inflammatory activity indicators of AS patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo construct a short hairpin (sh)RNA targeting the gene encoding the MDM2 oncoprotein in order to investigate its role in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its potential for use as a gene therapy strategy to inhibit HCC growth in vivo.

METHODSSmall interfering (si)RNAs were designed targeting the MDM2 gene (siMDM2-1 and siMDM2-2) and unrelated sequences (negative control) and cloned into the expression plasmid pGCSilencer-U6-neo-GFP. A HCC mouse model was established by subcutaneous inoculation of HepG2 cells (2 x 10(6) in 0.2 ml) into 20 nude mice. The inoculated mice were divided into four equal groups for tumor-localized injections of saline, negative control siRNA plasmid, siMDM2-1 plasmid, and siMDM2-2 plasmid. Tumor growth was observed daily (by caliper measurement) for one month, when mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The tumor mass was resected for analysis of tumor inhibition rate (% = [(average tumor weight of control group - average tumor weight of treatment group) / average tumor weight of control group x 100]) and effects on MDM2 and p53 mRNA and protein expression (by reverse transcription- PCR and western blotting, both normalized to beta-actin). Significance of between-group differences was assessed by one-way ANOVA or LSD test; pairwise comparisons were made by the Chi-squared test.

RESULTSsiMDM2-1 and siMDM2-2 suppressed the xenografted tumor growth remarkably (60.6% and 54.6% inhibition rates, respectively), significantly reduced the expression ofMDM2 gene (62.8% and 61.6%) and protein (60.7% and 59.5%), and significantly increased p53 gene (47.1% and 45.6%) and protein (45.9% and 44.3%) (all, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONshRNA-mediated silencing of the MDM2 gene effectively inhibits HCC tumorigenesis of subcutaneously xenografted HepG2 cells in nude mice, and the mechanism may involve p53.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Plasmids ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays