Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, primarily originating from recurrent inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Therefore, blocking the inflammation-cancer transformation in the colon has become a focus in the early prevention and treatment of CRC. The inflammation-cancer transformation in the colon involves multiple types of cells and complex pathological processes, including inflammatory responses and tumorigenesis. In this complex pathological process, immune cells(including non-specific and specific immune cells) and non-immune cells(such as tumor cells and fibroblasts) interact with each other, collectively promoting the progression of the disease. In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), inflammation-cancer transformation in the colon belongs to the categories of dysentery and diarrhea, with the main pathogenesis being cold and heat in complexity. This paper first elaborates on the complex molecular mechanisms involved in the inflammation-cancer transformation process in the colon from the perspectives of inflammation, cancer, and their mutual influences. Subsequently, by comparing the pathogenic characteristics and clinical manifestations between inflammation-cancer transformation and the TCM pathogenesis of cold and heat in complexity, this paper explores the intrinsic connections between the two. Furthermore, based on the correlation between inflammation-cancer transformation in the colon and the TCM pathogenesis, this paper delves into the importance of the interaction between inflammation and cancer. Finally, it summarizes and discusses the clinical and basic research progress in the TCM intervention in the inflammation-cancer transformation process, providing a theoretical basis and treatment strategy for the treatment of CRC with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
Humans ; Colon/pathology* ; Integrative Medicine ; Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Hot Temperature ; Inflammation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupuncture on the neurotransmitter levels and gut microbiota in a mouse model of Tourette syndrome (TS). METHODS: Thirty-six male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table method: 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) group, control group, acupuncture group, and tiapride group, with 9 mice in each group. In the IDPN group, acupuncture group, and tiapride group, mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of IDPN (300 mg/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive days to induce stereotyped behaviors. Subsequently, in the acupuncture intervention group, standardized acupuncture treatment was administered for 14 consecutive days to IDPN-induced TS model mice. The selected acupoints included Baihui (DU 20), Yintang (DU 29), Waiguan (SJ 5), and Zulinqi (GB 41). In the tiapride group, mice were administered tiapride (50 mg/kg body weight) via oral gavage daily for 14 consecutive days. The control group, IDPN group, and acupuncture group received the same volume of saline orally for 14 consecutive days. Stereotypic behaviors were quantified through behavioral assessments. Neurotransmitter levels, including dopamine (DA), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (ASP) in striatal tissue were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dopamine transporter (DAT) expression levels were additionally quantified through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Gut microbial composition was analyzed through 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, while metabolic profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS: Acupuncture administration significantly attenuated stereotypic behaviors, concurrently reducing striatal levels of DA, Glu and ASP concentrations while upregulating DAT expression compared with untreated TS controls (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Comparative analysis identified significant differences in Muribaculaceae (P=0.001), Oscillospiraceae (P=0.049), Desulfovibrionaceae (P=0.001), and Marinifilaceae (P=0.014) following acupuncture intervention. Metabolomic profiling revealed alterations in 7 metabolites and 18 metabolic pathways when compared to the TS mice, which involved various amino acid metabolisms associated with DA, Glu, and ASP. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture demonstrates significant modulatory effects on both central neurotransmitter systems and gut microbial ecology, thereby highlighting its dual therapeutic potential for TS management through gut-brain axis regulation.
Animals ; Tourette Syndrome/metabolism* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice

The level of urinary albumin is a critical indicator for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, existing methods for detecting albumin are not conducive to point-of-care testing due to the complexity of reagent addition and incubation processes. This study presents a smartphone-integrated handheld automated biochemical analyzer (sHABA) designed for point-of-care testing of urinary albumin. The sHABA features a pre-loaded, disposable reagent cassette with reagents for the albumin assay arranged in the order of their addition within a hose. The smartphone-integrated analyzer can drive the reagents following a preset program, to enable automatic sequential addition. The sHABA has a detection limit for albumin of 5.9 mg/L and a linear detection range from 7 to 450 mg/L. The consistency of albumin level detection in 931 urine samples using sHABA with clinical tests indicates good sensitivity (95.78%) and specificity (90.16%). This research advances the field by providing an automated detection method for albumin in a portable device, allowing even untrained individuals to monitor CKD in real time at the patient's bedside. In the context of promoting tiered diagnosis and treatment, the sHABA has the potential to become an essential tool for the early diagnosis and comprehensive management of CKD and other chronic conditions.

Since May 2022, a severe global Mpox epidemic has underscored the urgent need for a preventative vaccine. On September 16, 2022, the mainland of China reported its first case of imported Mpox, which was subsequently followed by a significant rise in domestic infections commencing from June 2023. This alarming trend has escalated the likelihood of localized outbreaks and covert transmission, posing a heightened risk to public health. Notably, the United States, many European countries, and Japan have approved the use of smallpox vaccines for Mpox prevention and emergency vaccination post-exposure, based on their cross-protection efficacy. In recent years, virology research has broadened its scope to include investigations into various novel vaccine approaches, such as nucleic acid-based vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, and epitope peptide vaccines, and other related methodologies. This review offers a thorough examination of the current global landscape of Mpox prevalence, delves into the advancements in Mpox vaccine development, and highlights the progress achieved in Mpox vaccine research, serving as a valuable resource and providing technical insights essential for the effective prevention and control of Mpox.
Humans ; Vaccine Development ; Smallpox Vaccine ; Smallpox/epidemiology* ; Mpox, Monkeypox

Ketamine,an antagonist of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptor,is cur-rently one of the most widely abused psychoactive substances.Prolonged abuse can result in damages to various systems in the body,making it crucial to investigate the regulatory mechanism of ketamine addic-tion and screening related biomarkers.In this study,zebrafish embryos/larvae were initially exposed a-cutely to ketamine.Then,a ketamine addiction model was established in 6-month-old zebrafish through conditioned place preference(CPP)experiments.The zebrafish brain transcriptome was analyzed using RNA-seq,while qPCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the expression of key genes.Results revealed significant reductions in the spontaneous tail coiling,embryo hatching rate,and survival rate of zebrafish embryos in the ketamine-treated group compared to the control group.The distance moved also decreased significantly,from 1904.2 mm in the control group to 319.0 mm in the high dose of ketamine group(300 μmol/L).Conditional positional preference experiments demonstrated that the control ze-brafish did not exhibit significant changes in activity in the CPP tank.In contrast,the ketamine-treated group increased their activity time in the light zone of the tank from 385.2 s before training to 706.4 s af-ter training,representing a 26.8％increase(***P＜0.001).This suggests a preference for ketamine stimulation in zebrafish.KEGG analysis indicated enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the neu-roactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway in the ketamine-treated samples.GSEA analysis further re-veals a significant upregulation of the glutamatergic synapse pathway(NES=1.5).In addition,compared with the control group,the mRNA levels of Grin2b and Gria2 in the ketamine group increased by 4.6 and 1.4 times,respectively,while the protein levels increased by 2.0 and 1.4 times,respectively.These findings suggest that ketamine can induce addiction in zebrafish,potentially through upregulation of the glutamatergic synaptic pathway.

The lingnan liver-soothing and spirit-regulating acupuncture and moxibustion technique,developed by Professor FU Wen-Bin,a renowned traditional Chinese medicine expert in Guangdong Province,represents an innovative achievement in acupuncture therapy for depression-related disorders.Drawing upon the rich legacy of master scholars,meticulous study of medical literature,and over three decades of continuous research and innovation,Professor FU has formulated this technique with profound influence and widespread application.By tracing the developmental trajectory of the Lingnan liver-soothing and spirit-regulating technique,this paper sheds light on its significant guiding principles and reference value for the development of other distinctive acupuncture techniques.Furthermore,it offers insights and inspiration for advancement in various fields of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To propose a Q factor-based fatigue vibration evaluation method of the ultrasonic knife tip.Methods Firstly,an ultrasonic cutter fatigue testing table was established to realize repeated cutting,which was composed of a power supply module,a three-axis moving module,an ultrasonic cutter clamping module and a control module.Secondly,10 ultrasonic knives of some brand underwent fatigue testing with the table,during which non-contact measurement of the ultrasonic knife tip vibration was carried out and the Q factors were calculated at the five periods of the fatigue test,including the periods before cutting,after 500 times of cutting,after 1 000 times of cutting,after 2 000 times of cutting and after 3 000 times of cutting.Finally,the average cutting speed and burst pressure for coagulated vessels were computed at each period to validata the effectiveness of the method proposed.Results It's indicated that Q factor could effectively reflect the fatigue degradation of the ultrasonic knife tip,while the average cutting speed and burst pressure for coagulated vessels were difficult to efficiently evaluate the fatigue degradation level of the ultrasonic knife tip due to the uncertainty factors in the measurement process.Conclusion The proposed Q factor-based evaluation method can directly evaluate fatigue vibration of the ultrasonic knife tip in an accurate and quantitative manner.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(6):17-22]

Objective To carry out accurate quantative evaluation of MRI scanning noise based on laser vibrometry technology.Methods Skull and spine MRI was performed with mute and conventional sequences.A laser vibrometry device was used to sample the surface vibration noise at the outer edge of the inspection hole of MRI system according to GB/T 16539-1996 Acoustics—Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using vibration velocity—Measurement for seal machinery,and the indicators of sound power level,sound pressure level and perceived noise level obtained by the three calculation methods(LPN1,LPN2 and LPN3)were analyzed with some dedicated MRI noise analysis software.Results The peak sound pressure levels for conventional and mute sequences of skull scanning were 81 and 63 dB(A),respectively,and mute sequence reduced the noise level significantly;the peak sound pressure levels for conventional and mute sequences of spine scanning were 79 and 75 dB(A),respectively,and the noise reduction level was significantly lower than that of skull scanning.Significant differences in noise reduction were not found in spine scanning sequences,while were found in skull scanning sequences.During spine and skull scanning LPN1,LPN2 and LPN3 obtained by the three calculation methods of conventional and mute sequences were all higher than the overall sound power and overall pressure levels obviously.Conclusion Mute sequence can not realize linear noise reduction for the whole frequency band,the perceived noise of the human ear during MRI scanning is related directly to the scanning sequence,and there may be some bias when only one physical indicator is involved in the noise evaluation of MRI system.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(10):20-24]

Objective To evaluate the effects of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction timing on the motor performance and proprioception by clinical evaluation as well as proprioception and motor performance tests on the patients more than 2 years after ACL reconstruction. Methods The patients who underwent ACL reconstruction in the National Institute of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sport of China from January 2015 to January 2021 and met the inclusion criteria were followed up,and the postoperative data were collected retrospectively.Fifty-six patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study and categorized into two groups:early surgery (n=28,who underwent ACL reconstruction ≤3 weeks after injury) and delayed surgery (n=28,who underwent ACL reconstruction >3 weeks after injury).The basic information,clinical evaluation results,proprioception,and motor performance were compared between the two groups. Results The ACL return to sport after injury scale (ACL-RSI) score in the early surgery group was higher than that in the delayed surgery group [(68.68±22.04)scores vs. (55.82±24.87)scores,P=0.045].There was no difference in the range of motion of the knee joint,the positive rate of pivot shift test,or the scores of Tegner,Marx,Lysholm,knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS),and international knee documentation committee (IKDC) between the two groups (all P>0.05).Although there was no significant difference in range of motion of the knee joint between the two groups,the proportion of knee flexion and extension affected in the early surgery group was smaller than that in the delayed surgery group.Neither motor performance (isokinetic strength test,Y-balance test,and single-leg jump test) nor proprioception had difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions Early ACL reconstruction outperformed delayed ACL reconstruction in improving the psychological health,emotions,and confidence in returning to sport,accelerating functional recovery of the patients.The timing of ACL reconstruction has no significant effect on the short-term postoperative knee stability,knee function,motor performance,or proprioceptive recovery of the patients.Early ACL reconstruction is recommended for improving the clinical outcomes.
Humans ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/methods* ; Proprioception/physiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/physiopathology* ; Adult ; Postoperative Period ; Time Factors ; Return to Sport ; Recovery of Function ; Knee Joint/physiopathology* ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effects of knee flexor and extensor strength on the subjective function and motor performance of knees after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods A total of 53 patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the National Institute of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sport of China from June 2015 to June 2021 and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study.The patients were followed up time for at least 2 years.An isometric muscle strength test system was used to measure the strength of bilateral quadriceps and hamstring muscles.The patients were grouped according to whether the limb symmetry index (LSI) of peak torque of quadriceps and hamstring muscle reached 85% at an angular velocity of 60°/s.Specifically,26 patients were classified into group A (LSI≥85%) and 27 patients were classified into group B (LSI<85%).The subjective function and motor performance of knees were compared between the two groups. Results In terms of subjective function of knees,the international knee documentation committee (IKDC) score (88.76±9.93 vs. 81.08±12.57,P=0.017) and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) (86.27±8.96 vs. 80.22±11.31,P=0.036) were different between groups A and B.There was no significant difference in Lysholm score [95.0 (79.8,100.00) vs. 86.00 (66.00,100.00),P=0.238],ACL return to sports after injury scale score (66.08±22.25 vs. 61.12±23.53,P=0.434),Marx score [6.00 (4.75,7.00) vs. 6.00 (4.00,7.00),P=0.805] or Tegner activity score [8.00 (4.00,12.00) vs. 4.00 (2.00,12.00),P=0.566] between the two groups.In terms of motor performance,the single-leg triple hop LSI (0.92±0.13 vs. 0.81±0.18,P=0.016) and single-leg crossover hop LSI (0.96±0.12 vs. 0.84±0.22,P=0.021) showed significant differences between groups A and B,while there was no significant difference in single-leg hop LSI (0.90±0.18 vs. 0.79±0.25,P=0.116) between the two groups.In addition,there was no statistical significance in proprioception [30°:8.83±4.66 vs. 10.73±4.63,P=0.143;45°:6.94±3.82 vs. 7.66±3.93,P=0.504;60°:4.10 (3.20,4.72) vs. 3.90 (2.30,5.20),P=0.493] or Y-balance test results [anterior LSI:0.98 (0.84,1.02) vs. 0.94 (0.86,0.98),P=0.328;posterolateral LSI:1.00±0.08 vs. 0.97±0.07,P=0.249;posteromedial LSI:1.00 (0.97,1.03) vs. 0.96 (0.93,1.03),P=0.179] between groups A and B. Conclusion The patients with good symmetry of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction had better subjective function and movement performance of knees than the patients with poor symmetry,which was mainly reflected in the IKDC score,KOOS,single-leg triple hop,and single-leg crossover hop.
Humans ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Muscle Strength/physiology* ; Male ; Quadriceps Muscle/physiology* ; Female ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/physiopathology* ; Hamstring Muscles/physiopathology* ; Knee Joint/physiopathology* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament/physiopathology* ; Torque ; Knee/physiopathology*