AIM: To investigate variation patterns of corneal biomechanical parameters and binocular symmetry among children of different genders aged 8-16 years.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted, and children who underwent optometric examinations at the ophthalmology department of our hospital were enrolled between January 2022 and December 2024. Measurements included the flat keratometry(K1), steep keratometry(K2), and mean curvature(Km)of the anterior corneal surface, horizontal visible iris diameter(HVID), central corneal thickness(CCT), corneal endothelial cell density(CECD), average cell size(ACS), coefficient of variation(CV), and hexagonality(HEX). Corneal parameters and binocular differences were compared between genders and across age groups.RESULTS:A total of 621 children(1 242 eyes)were enrolled in this study, including 284 males(568 eyes), 337 females(674 eyes), 528 children aged 8-12 years(1 056 eyes), and 93 children aged 13-16 years(186 eyes). In children aged 8-16 years, the K1, K2, Km and CV of both eyes, as well as the interocular CCT differences in boys were significantly lower than those in girls(all P<0.05), while the HVID and HEX of both eyes, as well as the CCT of the left eye in boys were significantly higher than those in girls(all P<0.05). Children aged 8-12 years had significantly higher K1, Km, CECD and HEX in both eyes, and significantly lower ACS in both eyes than those aged 13-16 years(all P<0.05). K1, K2, Km, CECD and HEX in both eyes were negatively correlated with age(P<0.05); ACS in both eyes was positively correlated with age(P<0.001); K1 and Km of the right eye were positively correlated with the CECD of the right eye(P<0.05), and K1 and CCT of the left eye were positively correlated with the CECD of the left eye(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Significant gender differences exist in corneal parameters among children aged 8 to 16 years, while binocular symmetry remained stable.

Alzheimer disease(AD)is a neurological disease characterized by cognitive decline.AD continuum refers to the dynamic development progression from early pathological changes to obvious clinical symptoms,covering the continuous spectrum of subjective cognition decline(SCD)stage,mild cognitive impairment(MCI)stage and dementia stage.As one of the key brain regions involved in early stage,hippocampus(HP)in AD continuum is closely related to the progression of disease.MRI has been widely used in the study of HP in the AD continuum.The progresses in structural and functional MRI research of HP changes in AD continuum were reviewed in this article.

In the 1950s and 1960s,Japan's implementation of policies prioritizing economic develop-ment caused a lack of effective supervision over the discharge of industrial wastewater and exhaust gases,which led to the occurrence of the"Four Major Pollution Diseases",including Minamata disease,causing serious social and public health problems.To more effectively address public nuisances and pro-vide compensation to victims,the Japanese government gradually established an environmental damage compensation system with administrative relief characteristics since the 1970s.Through long-term prac-tice and system optimization,this system has evolved into a mature institutional framework with a clear division of labor and efficient collaboration.This paper systematically reviews the development process of Japan's environmental damage compensation system and deeply analyzes its legal frame-work and supporting policies,aiming to provide useful references for the construction and improve-ment of China's environmental damage compensation system.Meanwhile,through the case analysis of Minamata disease,the paper explores the specific mechanisms and effects in the compensation practices,further revealing the system's operational characteristics and implications,and providing a reference ba-sis for the construction of China's environmental governance legal system.

This study primarily aimed to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other common pathogens of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in spermatozoa of infertile men and their effects on semen parameters. These pathogens included Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium , herpes simplex virus 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus aureus . A total of 1951 men of infertile couples were recruited between 23 March 2023, and 17 May 2023, at the Department of Reproductive Medicine of The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunming, China). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis were used for HPV genotyping. Polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis were also used to detect the presence of other STIs. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 12.4%. The top five prevalent HPV subtypes were types 56, 52, 43, 16, and 53 among those tested positive for HPV. Other common infections with high prevalence rates were Ureaplasma urealyticum (28.3%), Ureaplasma parvum (20.4%), and Enterococcus faecalis (9.5%). The prevalence rates of HPV coinfection with Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium , herpes simplex virus 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae , and Staphylococcus aureus were 24.8%, 25.4%, 10.6%, 6.4%, 2.4%, 7.9%, 5.9%, 0.9%, and 1.3%, respectively. The semen volume and total sperm count were greatly decreased by HPV infection alone. Coinfection with HPV and Ureaplasma urealyticum significantly reduced sperm motility and viability. Our study shows that coinfection with STIs is highly prevalent in the semen of infertile men and that coinfection with pathogens can seriously affect semen parameters, emphasizing the necessity of semen screening for STIs.
Humans ; Male ; Infertility, Male/epidemiology* ; Coinfection/microbiology* ; Papillomavirus Infections/virology* ; Adult ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications* ; China/epidemiology* ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification* ; Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification* ; Prevalence ; Mycoplasma genitalium/isolation & purification* ; Ureaplasma urealyticum/isolation & purification* ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification* ; Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification* ; Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification* ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification* ; Semen/virology* ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/microbiology* ; Human Papillomavirus Viruses

Objective To propose a high-precision deep learning-based image assessment method of osteosarcoma chemotherapy efficacy for clinical treatment,as existing methos have low accuracy of osteosarcoma assessment.Methods The low incidence of osteosarcoma led to the small scale of its imaging data and the problem of imbalance in data categories.This study combined deep learning with clinical medical information,combined the bone sarcoma generation module of BoneGAN and the scale lesion information capture module,and proposed OMLA-Net,a deep learning assessment network for chemotherapy effect of bone sarcoma based on multi-scale lesion attention network,which achieved computer-aided bone tumor assessment with integrated data augmentation and focused lesion information through pre-training and generalized loss training.Results In this study,40 cases of osteosarcoma MRI data were used as the basis for the comparison test on the generated dataset,and the OMLA-Net assessment outperformed the SOTA method Conv-LSTM-GAN in terms of the assessment effects such as accuracy and F1 scores,and the difference was statistically significant(Bootstrap statistical method P＜0.05);the subsequent K-fold cross-validation ablation experiments further demonstrated the effectiveness of each module proposed by OMLA-Net.Conclusion OMLA-Net can effectively perform the impact assessment of chemotherapy effect on osteosarcoma,which provides a new idea for subsequent clinical application.

Objective To initially explore the possibility of applying the fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography(fMOST)high-resolution 3D reconstruction system to the morphological study of the intestinal nervous system and to preliminarily establish a method for studying the morphology of the intestinal nervous system using this system.Methods fMOST high-resolution 3D reconstruction system was used to study the intestinal nervous system of C57BL/6 mice in detail.Based on this method,a new morphological method of the visceral nervous system of small animal models was explored at the single-cell level.Results Compared with the large intestine,the small intestine lacked the typical myenteric plexus(Auerbach),deep mucosal plexus(Henley),and submucosal superficial plexus(Meissner).Conclusion The result of this paper provide a clearer and systematic display of the anatomical structure of the enteric nervous system in C57BL/6 mice,and further clarify the similarities and differences between the enteric nervous system of mice and human,and provide a theoretical basis for its rational application in the study of digestive system diseases.The morphological study of fMOST high-resolution 3D reconstruction system is not limited to the central nervous system,but can be extended to the morphological study of multiple visceral nervous systems.

Process analytical technology(PAT) is a key means for digital transformation and upgrading of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) manufacturing process, serving as an important guarantee for consistent and controllable TCM product quality. Near-infrared(NIR) spectroscopy has become the core technology for measuring the TCM manufacturing process. By incorporating NIR spectroscopy into PAT and starting from the construction of a smart platform for the TCM manufacturing process, this paper systematically described the development history and innovative application of the combination of NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics in measuring the TCM manufacturing process by the research team over the past two decades. Additionally, it explored the application of a validation method based on accuracy profile(AP) in the practice of NIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the software development progress driven by NIR spectroscopy supported by modeling technology was analyzed, and the prospect of integrating NIR spectroscopy in smart factory control platforms was exemplified with the construction practices of related platforms. By integrating with the smart platform, NIR spectroscopy could improve production efficiency and guarantee product quality. Finally, the prospect of the smart platform application in measuring the TCM manufacturing process was projected. It is believed that the software development for NIR spectroscopy and the smart manufacturing platform will provide strong technical support for TCM digitalization and industrialization.
Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Software ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control

In this study, we explored the pharmacological effects of Siwu Decoction in treating premature ovarian insufficiency(POI) and its molecular mechanism based on the mitophagy pathway modulated and mediated by estrogen receptor(ER) subtypes. Female Balb/c mice were divided into a control group, model group, as well as high-dose and low-dose groups of Siwu Decoction. The POI mice model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin. The high-dose and low-dose groups of Siwu Decoction were administered intragastrically with Siwu Decoction each day for 14 days. During this period, we monitored the estrous cycle and body weight of the mice and calculated the ovarian index. The morphology of the ovaries was detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, and the number of primordial follicles was counted. The apoptosis of the ovarian tissue was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH), apoptosis-associated and mitophagy-associated proteins, ER subtypes, and the expression levels of key proteins of its mediated molecular pathways were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. KGN cells were divided into a control group, model group, Siwu Decoction group, and gene silencing group. The apoptosis model was induced by H_2O_2, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) gene silencing was induced by siRNA transfection. The Siwu Decoction group and gene silencing group were added to the medium containing Siwu Decoction. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell senescence was detected by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase. The expression levels of apoptosis-associated and mitophagy-associated proteins were detected by Western blot. The results of in vivo experiments showed that compared with the model group, the mice in the high-dose and low-dose groups of Siwu Decoction significantly recovered the rhythm of the estrous cycle, and the levels of ovarian index, number of primordial follicles, and expression of AMH, representative indexes of ovarian function, were significantly higher, suggesting that the level of ovarian function was significantly improved. The expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins, cytochrome C(Cyt C), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(caspase 3), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)-associated X(Bax), and mitophagy-associated indicator(Beclin 1) were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of Bcl-2 was significantly elevated. The positive area of TUNEL was significantly reduced, suggesting that the apoptosis level of the ovaries was significantly reduced. The expression levels of PINK1, Parkin, and sequestosome 1(p62) were significantly reduced, suggesting that the level of ovarian mitophagy was significantly down-regulated. The expression levels of ERα and ERβ were significantly elevated, and the ratio of ERα/ERβ was significantly reduced. The expression levels of key proteins in the pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) and protein kinase B(Akt), were significantly reduced, suggesting that the regulation of ER subtypes and the mediation of PI3K/Akt pathway were the key mechanisms. In vitro experiments showed that compared with the model group, the proportion of senescent cells in the Siwu Decoction group was significantly reduced. Cyt C, caspase 3, Beclin 1, Parkin, and p62 were significantly reduced, which was in line with in vivo experimental results. The proportion of senescent cells and the expression level of the above proteins were further significantly reduced after PINK1 silencing. It can be seen that Siwu Decoction can regulate the expression level and proportion of ER subtypes in KGN cells, then mediate the PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit excessive mitophagy and apoptosis, and exert therapeutic effects of POI.
Animals ; Female ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/physiopathology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Ovary/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone/genetics*