Bacillus mycoides JA20-1 was screened and identified as a biocontrol bacterium with a high capacity for producing volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in the laboratory. This strain had significant inhibitory effects on various postharvest disease pathogens in crops, such as Botrytis cinerea, as well as soil-borne disease pathogens in ginseng, such as Sclerotinia ginseng. In order to accelerate its industrialization process, in this study, single-factor experiments and response surface optimization methods were used. The fermentation medium and fermentation conditions in the shake flask of strain JA20-1 were systematically optimized by using cell production volume as the response variable. Meanwhile, the biocontrol effect of JA20-1 on B. cinerea of ginseng during the storage period was evaluated by using the method of fumigation in a dry dish in vitro. The results indicated that the optimal fermentation medium formulation for strain JA20-1 was as follows: 1% yeast paste, 1% soluble starch, 0.25% K_2HPO_4·3H_2O, and 0.2% NaCl. The optimal fermentation conditions in the shake flask were vaccination size of 3%, culture volume of 50 mL in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, pH of 6.2, fermentation temperature of 34 ℃, shaking speed of 180 r·min~(-1), and incubation time of 18 hours. The bacteria count in the fermentation broth under these conditions reached 2.17 × 10~8 CFU·mL~(-1), which was 6.58 times higher than before. The average control efficacy of the fermentation broth on Botrytis cinerea of ginseng under in vitro fumigation reached 61.70% and 84.04% respectively, when 20 mL and 30 mL per dish were used. The research provided theoretical support and technical foundation for the development and utilization of Bacillus mycoides JA20-1 and the biocontrol of soil-borne diseases in ginseng and postharvest diseases in crops.
Botrytis/drug effects* ; Fermentation ; Panax/microbiology* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism* ; Bacillus/physiology* ; Pest Control, Biological/methods* ; Biological Control Agents/metabolism* ; Culture Media/chemistry*

In this study, we explored the pharmacological effects of Siwu Decoction in treating premature ovarian insufficiency(POI) and its molecular mechanism based on the mitophagy pathway modulated and mediated by estrogen receptor(ER) subtypes. Female Balb/c mice were divided into a control group, model group, as well as high-dose and low-dose groups of Siwu Decoction. The POI mice model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin. The high-dose and low-dose groups of Siwu Decoction were administered intragastrically with Siwu Decoction each day for 14 days. During this period, we monitored the estrous cycle and body weight of the mice and calculated the ovarian index. The morphology of the ovaries was detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, and the number of primordial follicles was counted. The apoptosis of the ovarian tissue was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH), apoptosis-associated and mitophagy-associated proteins, ER subtypes, and the expression levels of key proteins of its mediated molecular pathways were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. KGN cells were divided into a control group, model group, Siwu Decoction group, and gene silencing group. The apoptosis model was induced by H_2O_2, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) gene silencing was induced by siRNA transfection. The Siwu Decoction group and gene silencing group were added to the medium containing Siwu Decoction. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell senescence was detected by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase. The expression levels of apoptosis-associated and mitophagy-associated proteins were detected by Western blot. The results of in vivo experiments showed that compared with the model group, the mice in the high-dose and low-dose groups of Siwu Decoction significantly recovered the rhythm of the estrous cycle, and the levels of ovarian index, number of primordial follicles, and expression of AMH, representative indexes of ovarian function, were significantly higher, suggesting that the level of ovarian function was significantly improved. The expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins, cytochrome C(Cyt C), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(caspase 3), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)-associated X(Bax), and mitophagy-associated indicator(Beclin 1) were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of Bcl-2 was significantly elevated. The positive area of TUNEL was significantly reduced, suggesting that the apoptosis level of the ovaries was significantly reduced. The expression levels of PINK1, Parkin, and sequestosome 1(p62) were significantly reduced, suggesting that the level of ovarian mitophagy was significantly down-regulated. The expression levels of ERα and ERβ were significantly elevated, and the ratio of ERα/ERβ was significantly reduced. The expression levels of key proteins in the pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) and protein kinase B(Akt), were significantly reduced, suggesting that the regulation of ER subtypes and the mediation of PI3K/Akt pathway were the key mechanisms. In vitro experiments showed that compared with the model group, the proportion of senescent cells in the Siwu Decoction group was significantly reduced. Cyt C, caspase 3, Beclin 1, Parkin, and p62 were significantly reduced, which was in line with in vivo experimental results. The proportion of senescent cells and the expression level of the above proteins were further significantly reduced after PINK1 silencing. It can be seen that Siwu Decoction can regulate the expression level and proportion of ER subtypes in KGN cells, then mediate the PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit excessive mitophagy and apoptosis, and exert therapeutic effects of POI.
Animals ; Female ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/physiopathology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Ovary/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone/genetics*

The lingnan liver-soothing and spirit-regulating acupuncture and moxibustion technique,developed by Professor FU Wen-Bin,a renowned traditional Chinese medicine expert in Guangdong Province,represents an innovative achievement in acupuncture therapy for depression-related disorders.Drawing upon the rich legacy of master scholars,meticulous study of medical literature,and over three decades of continuous research and innovation,Professor FU has formulated this technique with profound influence and widespread application.By tracing the developmental trajectory of the Lingnan liver-soothing and spirit-regulating technique,this paper sheds light on its significant guiding principles and reference value for the development of other distinctive acupuncture techniques.Furthermore,it offers insights and inspiration for advancement in various fields of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise and complex environment on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced dopaminergic neuron death in the substantia nigra of midbrain.Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group,LPS group,LPS+swimming group and LPS+complex environment group,with 7 mice in each group.The mice in the LPS group were injected with LPS into the brain to establish an inflammatory model of Parkinson's disease and lived in cages for 2 weeks.Mice in LPS+swimming group were forced to swim for 15 minutes every day for 2 weeks after modeling.The mice in the LPS+complex environment group were placed in a complex environment for 2 weeks after modeling.The control group mice were not treated.After 14 days of modeling,behavioral experiments such as footprint,open field and rotating rod were performed on each group of mice to detect the autonomous exercise ability,exercise balance ability and depression level of mice.The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)in substantia nigra was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),Caspase-3,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the substantia nigra of the midbrain were detected by Western blotting.The transcription levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in substantia nigra were detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the control group,the exercise ability and balance ability of mice in LPS group,LPS+swimming group and LPS+complex environment group decreased,the depression level increased(P＜0.001),the number of TH positive neurons and BDNF protein decreased significantly(P＜0.001),and the contents of Caspase-3,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly(P＜0.001).Compared with the LPS group,the exercise ability and balance ability of the mice in the LPS+swimming group and the LPS+complex environment group were restored,the depression level decreased significantly(P＜0.01),the survival number of TH positive neurons and the content of BDNF increased significantly(P＜0.01),Caspase-3,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α reduced significantly(P＜0.01),and the phenomenon in the LPS+complex environment group was more significant.Conclusion Exercise and complex environment can inhibit LPS-induced central nervous system inflammation in mice,thereby reducing damage to midbrain substantia nigra neurons,and the inhibitory effect of LPS+complex environment group is more significant.

Objective:To compare the effects of transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)and transurethral columnar bal-loon dilatation of the prostate(TUCBDP)in the treatment of BPH.Methods:This study included 218 BPH patients treated in Qin-huangdao Workers'Hospital from July 2021 to November 2022,109 by TURP and the other 109 by TUCBDP.We followed up the patients for 12 months,observed their postoperative recovery,complications,serum pain,inflammatory index,cytokine level,urodynamic index,symptom improvement and quality of life(QOL)and compared the data obtained between the two groups of patients.Results:At 12 months after surgery,the total effectiveness rate was significantly higher in the TUCBDP than in the TURP group(93.58%vs 84.40%,P<0.05),and the postoperative recovery was better in the former than in the latter(P<0.05).Compared with the baseline,the lev-els of serum prostaglandin E2(PGE2),substance P,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)were remarkably increased in both of the groups on the first day after surgery(P<0.05),more significantly in the TURP than in the TUCBDP group(P<0.05),while the levels of serum PSA and E2 decreased and the T level elevated in all the patients at 3 months postoperatively(P<0.05),more significantly in the TUCBDP than in the TURP group(P<0.05).Before and at 3 and 12 months af-ter operation,the postvoid residual urine volume(PVR)and NIH-CPSI,IPSS and QOL scores showed a decreasing trend,while the maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax),maximum cystometric capacity(MCC)and maximum urethral closure pressure(MUCP)exhibited an increasing trend in both of the two groups,even more significantly in the TUCBDP than in the TURP group(P<0.05).Conclu-sion:TUCBDP is advantageous over TURP in promoting postoperative recovery,improving QOL,reducing postoperative pain,inflamma-tion and complications,regulating the levels of serum cytokines,and improving urodynamics and clinical symptoms in BPH patients.However,with the extension of postoperative time,the two strategies are basically comparable in improving the urodynamics,symptoms and QOL of the patients.

Objective:To investigate the influence of rosuvastatin combined ticagrelor on therapeutic effect,cardiac func-tion and inflammatory factor levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods:A total of 288 AMI pa-tients admitted in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into rosuvastatin group(received rosuvastatin therapy)and combined treatment group(received rosuvastatin combined with ticagrelor).After two-month treatment,therapeu-ticeffect,cardiac function,inflammatory index levels and incidence rate of adverse reaction were compared between two groups.Results:Total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of rosuvastatin group(96.53%v.s 86.81%,P=0.003).Compared with before treatment,there were significant improvements in cardiac function and inflammatory factor levels in two groups after treatment,P=0.001 al.l Compared with rosuvastatin group af-ter treatment,there were significant reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd)[(44.86±5.25)mmv.s(30.94±4.02)mm],left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESd)[(28.83±3.02)mmv.s(21.27±2.86)mm],interventricular septal thickness(IVST)[(9.82±1.51)mmv.s(9.09±1.46)mm],levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)[(4.62±0.68)pg/mlv.s(3.85±0.59)pg/ml]and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)[(1.25±0.22)pg/mlv.s(0.93±0.18)pg/ml],and significant rise in 6 min walking distance(6MWD)[(398.63±50.58)m v.s(436.35±52.03)m]and LVEF[(54.11±6.32)%v.s(60.24±7.88)%]in combined treatment group,P=0.001 al.l There was no signif-icant difference in total incidence rate of adverse reactions during treatment between two groups,P=0.444.Conclusion:The combination of rosuvastatin and ticagrelor possesses significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of AMI patient.s It can improve cardiac function and reduce levels of inflammatory factors with good safety.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the report status of outcomes and measurement instruments of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for post-stroke dysphagia, so as to provide a basis for designing clinical trials and developing the core outcome set in acupuncture for post-stroke dysphagia. METHODS: RCTs of acupuncture for post-stroke dysphagia were searched in databases i.e. CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science and clinical trial registries i.e. ClinicalTrials.gov and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), from January 1st, 2012 to October 30th, 2021. By literature screening and data extraction, outcomes and measurement instruments were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 172 trials (including 165 RCTs and 7 ongoing trials registrations) were included, involving 91 outcomes. The outcomes could be classified into 7 domains according to functional attributes, namely clinical manifestation, physical and chemical examination, quality of life, TCM symptoms/syndromes, long-term prognosis, safety assessment and economic evaluation. It was found that there were various measurements instruments with large differences, inconsistent measurement time point and without discriminatively reporting primary or secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION The status quo of outcomes and measurement instruments of RCTs of acupuncture for post-stroke dysphagia is not conducive to the summary and comparison of each trial's results. Thus, it is suggested to develop a core outcome set for acupuncture for post-stroke dysphagia to improve the normative and research quality of their clinical trial design.
Humans ; Deglutition Disorders/therapy* ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Databases, Factual ; Physical Examination ; Stroke/complications*

Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics* ; Microspheres ; Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology* ; Mutation ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Fluoroquinolones ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology*

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset, posing a serious threat to human physical and mental health. The cognitive impairments caused by AD are generally diffuse and overlap symptomatically with other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the symptoms of AD are often covert, leading to missed opportunities for optimal treatment after diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of AD is crucial. In vitro diagnostic biomarkers not only contribute to the early clinical diagnosis of AD but also aid in further understanding the disease's pathogenesis, predicting disease progression, and observing the effects of novel candidate therapeutic drugs in clinical trials. Currently, although there are numerous biomarkers associated with AD diagnosis, the complex nature of AD pathogenesis, limitations of individual biomarkers, and constraints of clinical detection methods have hindered the development of efficient, cost-effective, and convenient diagnostic methods and standards. This article provides an overview of the research progress on in vitro diagnostic biomarkers and detection methods related to AD in recent years.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Early Diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Biomarkers

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset, posing a serious threat to human physical and mental health. The cognitive impairments caused by AD are generally diffuse and overlap symptomatically with other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the symptoms of AD are often covert, leading to missed opportunities for optimal treatment after diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of AD is crucial. In vitro diagnostic biomarkers not only contribute to the early clinical diagnosis of AD but also aid in further understanding the disease's pathogenesis, predicting disease progression, and observing the effects of novel candidate therapeutic drugs in clinical trials. Currently, although there are numerous biomarkers associated with AD diagnosis, the complex nature of AD pathogenesis, limitations of individual biomarkers, and constraints of clinical detection methods have hindered the development of efficient, cost-effective, and convenient diagnostic methods and standards. This article provides an overview of the research progress on in vitro diagnostic biomarkers and detection methods related to AD in recent years.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Early Diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Biomarkers