Objective To analyze the development trends and hot topics in the field of phosgene poisoning research in China. Methods The China National Knowledge Infrastructure was used as the retrieval source to search for academic literature on phosgene poisoning published in Chinese journals from the database's inception to December 31, 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R6 software was used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. Results A total of 334 articles were included for analysis. The earliest literature was published in 1982, with publication peaks occurring in 2004-2005 and 2011, followed by a gradual decline in publications after 2013. Authors from 221 research institutions published related literature in 133 kinds of Chinese journals. There were 19 core authors with three or more publications, and some of these core authors formed relatively stable research teams. Grants were covered 32.0% of the literature, and case reports and articles accounted for 89.2% of the literature, with “pulmonary edema” being the earliest and most prominent keyword. Conclusion The field of phosgene poisoning research in China has achieved some progress, particularly in studies related to the mechanisms of pulmonary edema and lung injury. However, there is a need to enhance collaboration among research institutions, deepen research efforts, and improve the quality of scientific research outcomes.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of abnormal blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) in occupational motor vehicle drivers.Methods:In January 2024, a cluster sampling method was used to study 606 occupational motor vehicle drivers from a transportation service enterprise in Beijing who completed occupational health examination in 2023 in Peking University Third Hospital as observation group and 596 non-occupational motor vehicle drivers as control group. The data of personal history, occupational history, blood pressure and ECG were collected, and the effects of occupational motor vehicle driving on hypertension and ECG were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results:The age of workers in the observation group was (34.1±7.8) years old, and the length of service was (7.0±7.1) years. The age of the control group was (33.8±7.6) years old, and the working age was (7.7±6.5) years. There was no significant difference in age and length of service between the two groups ( t=0.62, -1.90, P=0.538, 0.057). Systolic blood pressure (133.0±14.7) mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (83.7±11.6) mmHg, hypertension detection rate of 33.0% (200/606), ECG abnormality detection rate of 39.9% (242/606). They were significantly higher than those in the control group [ (127.8±14.4) mmHg, (77.5±11.0) mmHg, 24.7% (147/596), 31.0% (185/596) ], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that occupational motor vehicle driving were risk factors for hypertension and abnormal ECG ( OR= 1.210, 1.578; 95% CI: 1.145-1.231, 1.237-2.012; P<0.001) . Conclusion:Occupational motor vehicle driving may increase the risk of hypertension and abnormal ECG in workers.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of abnormal blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) in occupational motor vehicle drivers.Methods:In January 2024, a cluster sampling method was used to study 606 occupational motor vehicle drivers from a transportation service enterprise in Beijing who completed occupational health examination in 2023 in Peking University Third Hospital as observation group and 596 non-occupational motor vehicle drivers as control group. The data of personal history, occupational history, blood pressure and ECG were collected, and the effects of occupational motor vehicle driving on hypertension and ECG were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results:The age of workers in the observation group was (34.1±7.8) years old, and the length of service was (7.0±7.1) years. The age of the control group was (33.8±7.6) years old, and the working age was (7.7±6.5) years. There was no significant difference in age and length of service between the two groups ( t=0.62, -1.90, P=0.538, 0.057). Systolic blood pressure (133.0±14.7) mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (83.7±11.6) mmHg, hypertension detection rate of 33.0% (200/606), ECG abnormality detection rate of 39.9% (242/606). They were significantly higher than those in the control group [ (127.8±14.4) mmHg, (77.5±11.0) mmHg, 24.7% (147/596), 31.0% (185/596) ], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that occupational motor vehicle driving were risk factors for hypertension and abnormal ECG ( OR= 1.210, 1.578; 95% CI: 1.145-1.231, 1.237-2.012; P<0.001) . Conclusion:Occupational motor vehicle driving may increase the risk of hypertension and abnormal ECG in workers.

Objective:To analyze the audiology and occupational health data of applicants diagnosed of occupational noise deafness, and to explore the influencing factors in the diagnosis of suspected occupational noise deafness.Methods:In May 2022, the information of patients diagnosed with occupational noise deafness in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 was collected, and the occupational health data of their working environment, clinical audiological examination results and diagnosis basis of occupational noise deafness were collected and analyzed. Multi-factor unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze independent risk factors for the diagnosis of occupational noise deafness.Results:A total of 129 subjects were included, all of which were suspected cases of occupational noise deafness found in various occupational health examination institutions. Eight cases (6.20%) were diagnosed as occupational noise deafness, and 121 cases (93.80%) were non-occupational noise deafness. After hearing examination, only 27.27% (24/88) of the patients' audiological changes were consistent with the starting point of occupational noise deafness diagnosis. Further analysis of the noise intensity in the workplace showed that 16 patients were identified as non-occupational noise deafness because the noise intensity of the working environment was less than 85 dB. Logistic regression analysis showed that the working hours were more than 8 hours ( OR=9.274, 95% CI: 1.388-61.950, P=0.022) and the noise intensity of the working environment ( OR=1.189, 95% CI: 1.059-1.334, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of occupational noise deafness. Conclusion:The exclusion rate of suspected occupational noise deafness found in occupational health examination is higher after adequate rest. The test results of working environment noise intensity provided by the employer can help to determine occupational noise deafness.

Objective:To analyze the audiology and occupational health data of applicants diagnosed of occupational noise deafness, and to explore the influencing factors in the diagnosis of suspected occupational noise deafness.Methods:In May 2022, the information of patients diagnosed with occupational noise deafness in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 was collected, and the occupational health data of their working environment, clinical audiological examination results and diagnosis basis of occupational noise deafness were collected and analyzed. Multi-factor unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze independent risk factors for the diagnosis of occupational noise deafness.Results:A total of 129 subjects were included, all of which were suspected cases of occupational noise deafness found in various occupational health examination institutions. Eight cases (6.20%) were diagnosed as occupational noise deafness, and 121 cases (93.80%) were non-occupational noise deafness. After hearing examination, only 27.27% (24/88) of the patients' audiological changes were consistent with the starting point of occupational noise deafness diagnosis. Further analysis of the noise intensity in the workplace showed that 16 patients were identified as non-occupational noise deafness because the noise intensity of the working environment was less than 85 dB. Logistic regression analysis showed that the working hours were more than 8 hours ( OR=9.274, 95% CI: 1.388-61.950, P=0.022) and the noise intensity of the working environment ( OR=1.189, 95% CI: 1.059-1.334, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of occupational noise deafness. Conclusion:The exclusion rate of suspected occupational noise deafness found in occupational health examination is higher after adequate rest. The test results of working environment noise intensity provided by the employer can help to determine occupational noise deafness.

Objective:To investigate the changes in kidney and its mechanism during the development of acute phosgene exposure in rats.Methods:Rats were randomized into 2 groups: control and phosgene group (including 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after exposed to phosgene) , 6 rats in each group. Rats in control group were exposed to air for 5 min, while rats in phosgene group were exposed to 8.33 mg/L phosgene for 5 min. The blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after phosgene exposure. The blood creatinine (Cr) , urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood gas analysis were detected. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the expression levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and myeloperoxidase.Results:The arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index of rats in the phosgene group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 3, 6 and 12 h after exposure ( P<0.01) . The lowest points were reached at 6 h, which were (58.67±7.89) mmHg and (202.30±27.20) mmHg, respectively. The Cr and BUN of rats in the phosgene group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and the renal organ coefficients were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3, 6 and 12 h ( P<0.01) . HE staining showed that there were more erythrocytes in the glomeruli of rats in the phosgene group, the volume of renal tubular epithelial cells increased, and the cytoplasm was loose and lightly stained. The damage was most obvious at 6 h. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expressions of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and myeloperoxidase in the kidney tissue of the phosgene group increased. Conclusion:Hypoxemia and oxidative stress caused by phosgene poisoning may be the cause of renal damage in rats.

Objective:To investigate the changes in kidney and its mechanism during the development of acute phosgene exposure in rats.Methods:Rats were randomized into 2 groups: control and phosgene group (including 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after exposed to phosgene) , 6 rats in each group. Rats in control group were exposed to air for 5 min, while rats in phosgene group were exposed to 8.33 mg/L phosgene for 5 min. The blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after phosgene exposure. The blood creatinine (Cr) , urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood gas analysis were detected. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the expression levels of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and myeloperoxidase.Results:The arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index of rats in the phosgene group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 3, 6 and 12 h after exposure ( P<0.01) . The lowest points were reached at 6 h, which were (58.67±7.89) mmHg and (202.30±27.20) mmHg, respectively. The Cr and BUN of rats in the phosgene group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and the renal organ coefficients were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3, 6 and 12 h ( P<0.01) . HE staining showed that there were more erythrocytes in the glomeruli of rats in the phosgene group, the volume of renal tubular epithelial cells increased, and the cytoplasm was loose and lightly stained. The damage was most obvious at 6 h. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expressions of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine and myeloperoxidase in the kidney tissue of the phosgene group increased. Conclusion:Hypoxemia and oxidative stress caused by phosgene poisoning may be the cause of renal damage in rats.

Objective:To explore the correlation between occupational gasoline exposure and metabolic syndrome (MS) .Methods:In September 2019, a total of 147 occupational gasoline exposure workers from a oil sales company in Beijing were selected as the observation group by using cluster sampling method, 158 people without gasoline exposure from the company were selected as the control group. Occupational health examination were performed to measure body mass, blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , triglycerides (TG) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other data. General demographic characteristics, occupational history, past medical history and personal history were analyzed either.Results:The levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, FPG, TG and BMI in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05) . The detection rates of MS, obesity and hypertension in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in age, gender, working age, drinking, smoking, marital status, HDL-C level, detection rates of abnormal TG and HDL-C between the observation group and the control group ( P>0.05) . The odds ratio ( OR) of MS in the observation group was 1.988 times that in the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Occupational gasoline exposure is associated with the increasing detection rate of MS.

OBJECTIVE: To study the literature characteristics and research status of occupational hand-arm vibration disease in China. METHODS: Literature information on occupational hand-arm vibration disease published before 2018 in China were searched and collected through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang Database. The bibliometrics was used to analyze the publication time, type, journal sources, authors and their institutions, citation situation, funds and high-frequency key words. RESULTS: From 1975 to 2018, a total of 349 papers on occupational hand-arm vibration disease were published. The main article type was monograph, with a total of 179 articles(accounting for 51.3%). The articles were distributed in 79 kinds of journals, among them, 10 journals including China Occupational Medicine and Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases were the main carriers to publish related articles(237 papers, accounting for 67.9%). The main research institutions of the literature were Jining Medical College and Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, with 134 papers(accounting for 38.4%) published. Among the 5 core authors of the literature, 4 were from the above 2 research institutions. A total of 121 articles(accounting for 34.7%) were cited, and 77 articles(accounting for 22.1%) were supported by research fund. The top 3 high-frequency key words used were arm vibration disease, hand-transmitted vibration/local vibration and occupational disease. CONCLUSION: Occupational hand-arm vibration disease has attracted the attention of Chinese researchers, however, follow-up research, literature quality and funding support still need to be improved.

Objective:To compare the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with stage I coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) .Methods:All 347 cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis diagnosed in the Third Hospital of Peking University from January 2014 to December 2018 were included in the study. According to different working posts, the subjects were divided into three categories: mining, tunneling and mixing workers. Dust exposure duration, initial dust exposure age, diagnosis age, latency, small shadow shape and lung regions distribution in X-ray chest film of different categories of CWP patients were analyzed.Results:Among the 347 patients, 216 were mining workers (62.2%) , 77 were tunneling workers (22.2%) and 54 were mixing workers (15.6%) . The dust exposure duration of mining, tunneling and mixing workers were (14.5±7.0) , (16.3±8.2) and (19.0±8.8) years, respectively. There are statistically significant differences in dust exposure duration between different categories of workers ( P<0.05) . There were no significant difference in the age of diagnosis, initial dust exposure age and the latency between different categories of workers ( P>0.05) . The X-ray films of mining, tunneling and mixing workers showed small round shadow, accounting for 50.9% (110/216) , 96.1% (74/77) and 96.3% (52/54) respectively. 48.1% (104/216) of the mining workers and 38.9% (21/54) of mixing workers, the distribution of small shadow in chest X-ray films reached middle and lower lung regions, while in the 48.1% (37/77) of the tunneling workers, the distribution of small shadow in chest X-ray films reached lower lung regions. There were differences in above indicators among workers with different categories ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The dust exposure duration, the shape and the distribution of lung area on chest X-ray films are different in stage I CWP patients of different occupational categories.