Purpose: The risk stratification of pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) has not been standardized. In this study, new risk factors were included to establish a new risk stratification system for ALCL, and its feasibility in clinical practice was explored. Materials and Methods: On the basis of the non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Berlin–Frankfurt–Munster 95 (NHL-BFM-95) protocol, patients with minimal disseminated disease (MDD), high-risk tumor site (multiple bone, skin, liver, and lung involvement), and small cell/lymphohistiocytic (SC/LH) pathological subtype were enrolled in risk stratification. Patients were treated with a modified NHL-BFM-95 protocol combined with an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor or vinblastine (VBL). Results: A total of 136 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 8.8 years. The 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival of the entire cohort were 77.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.0% to 83.9%) and 92.3% (95% CI, 86.1% to 95.8%), respectively. The 3-year EFS rates of low-risk group (R1), intermediate-risk group (R2), and high-risk group (R3) patients were 100%, 89.5% (95% CI, 76.5% to 95.5%), and 67.9% (95% CI, 55.4% to 77.6%), respectively. The prognosis of patients with MDD (+), stage IV cancer, SC/LH lymphoma, and high-risk sites was poor, and the 3-year EFS rates were 45.3% (95% CI, 68.6% to 19.0%), 65.7% (95% CI, 47.6% to 78.9%), 55.7% (95% CI, 26.2% to 77.5%), and 70.7% (95% CI, 48.6% to 84.6%), respectively. At the end of follow-up, one of the five patients who received maintenance therapy with VBL relapsed, and seven patients receiving anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor maintenance therapy did not experience relapse. Conclusion This study has confirmed the poor prognostic of MDD (+), high-risk site and SC/LH, but patients with SC/LH lymphoma and MDD (+) at diagnosis still need to receive better treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03971305).

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of different laparoscopic surgeries for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) of gastric cardia and fundus.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 251 patients with GIST of gastric cardia and fundus who underwent laparoscopic radical resection in 14 medical centers, including Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital et al, from December 2007 to December 2021 were collected. There were 123 males and 128 females, aged 58(24,87)years. Observation indicators: (1) treatment; (2) clinicopathological data of patients undergoing different laparoscopic surgeries; (3) subgroup analysis for special laparoscopic techniques. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test or ANOVA. Measure-ment data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the rank sum test. Results:(1) Treatment. Of the 251 patients,202 cases underwent gastric wedge resection, 26 cases underwent special laparoscopic techniques including 10 cases with serotomy and dissection and 16 cases with transluminal gastrectomy, 23 cases underwent structural gastrectomy including 6 cases with total gastrectomy and 17 cases with proximal partial gastrectomy. There were 24 patients had postoperative complications after surgery. (2) Clinicopathological data of patients undergoing different laparoscopic surgeries. The gender (male, female), age, tumor diameter, operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, length of incision, time to postoperative initial whole liquid food intake, time to postoperative initial semi-liquid food intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with perioperative complications, cases with mitotic count as ≤5/50 high power field, 6?10/50 high power field, >10/50 high power field, cases be classified as very low risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk according to the National Institutes of Health risk classification, cases with tumor located at fundus and gastric cardia were 93, 109, (59±11)years, 3.50(0.40,10.00)cm, 88.00(25.00,290.00)minutes,20.00(25.00,290.00)mL, 4.00(2.00,12.00)cm, 3.00(1.00,9.00)days, 4.00(1.00,16.00)days, 5.00(1.00,18.00)days, 14, 164, 31, 7, 47, 83, 50, 22, 30, 172 in patients undergoing gastric wedge resection, respectively. The above indicators were 19, 7, (49±14)years, 2.55(0.20,5.00)cm, 101.00(59.00,330.00)minutes, 27.50(2.00,300.00)mL, 4.50(0,6.00)cm, 2.50(1.00,10.00)days, 4.00(1.00,16.00)days, 6.00(1.00,18.00)days, 3, 20, 5, 1, 15, 5, 2, 4, 24, 2 in patients undergoing special laparos-copic techniques, and 11, 12, (52±10)years, 5.00(0.80,10.00)cm, 187.00(80.00,325.00)minutes, 50.00(10.00,300.00)mL, 6.00(4.00,12.00)cm, 4.00(2.00,8.00)days, 6.00(3.00,14.00)days, 8.00(2.00,18.00)days, 7, 11, 5, 7, 2, 6, 6, 9, 13, 10 in patients undergoing structural gastrectomy. There were significant differences in the above indicators among the three groups of patients ( χ2=6.75, F=10.19, H=17.71, 37.50, 35.54, 24.68, 16.09,20.20, 13.76, χ2=13.32, Z=28.98, 32.17, χ2=82.14, P<0.05). (3) Subgroup analysis for special laparoscopic techniques. The time to postoperative initial whole liquid food intake, time to postoperative initial semi-liquid food intake, classification of tumor location (endophytic type, exophytic type, parietal type) were 4.50(1.00,10.00)days, 8.00(3.00,12.00)days, 0, 8, 2 in patients undergoing serotomy and dissection, versus 2.00(1.00,4.00)days, 3.00(1.00,6.00)days, 16, 0, 0 in patients undergoing transluminal gastrectomy. There were significant differences in time to postoperative initial whole liquid food intake, time to postoperative initial semi-liquid food intake between them ( Z=-2.65, -3.16, P<0.05); and there was a significant difference in classification of tumor location between them ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Gastric wedge resection is the most commonly used laparoscopic technique for GIST of gastric cardia and fundus. The application of special laparoscopic techniques is focused on the GIST of cardia to preserve the function of the cardia.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide,and oxidative stress plays a crucial role.Celastrol exhibits strong antioxidant properties in several diseases;however,whether it can affect oxidation in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury(CIRI)remains unclear.This study aimed to determine whether celastrol could reduce oxidative damage during CIRI and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Here,we found that celastrol attenuated oxidative injury in CIRI by upregulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2).Using alkynyl-tagged celastrol and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,we showed that celastrol directly bound to neuronally expressed developmentally downregulated 4(Nedd4)and then released Nrf2 from Nedd4 in astrocytes.Nedd4 promoted the degradation of Nrf2 through K48-linked ubiquitination and thus contributed to astrocytic reactive oxygen species production in CIRI,which was significantly blocked by celastrol.Furthermore,by inhibiting oxidative stress and astrocyte activation,celastrol effectively rescued neurons from axon damage and apoptosis.Our study uncovered Nedd4 as a direct target of celastrol,and that celastrol exerts an antioxidative effect on as-trocytes by inhibiting the interaction between Nedd4 and Nrf2 and reducing Nrf2 degradation in CIRI.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene-positive childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).Methods:The clinical data of 1 287 newly diagnosed children with B-ALL who were admitted to five hospital in Fujian province (Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Province) from April 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene testing, all the patients were divided into TCF3-PBX1-positive group and TCF3-PBX1-negative group. The clinical characteristics, early treatment response [minimal residual disease (MRD) at middle stage and end of induction chemotherapy] and long-term efficacy [overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS)] of the patients in both groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. The prognostic factors of TCF3-PBX1-positive B-ALL were analyzed by using Cox proportional hazards model. Among 83 children with TCF3-PBX1-positive B-ALL, the treatment regimens, risk stratification and efficacy evaluation of 62 cases were performed by using Chinese Children's Leukemia Group (CCLG)-ALL 2008 regimen and 21 cases were performed by using Chinese Children's Cancer Group (CCCG)-ALL 2015 regimen, and the efficacy and incidence of serious adverse events (SAE) between the two groups compared.Results:Among 1 287 B-ALL patients, 83 patients (6.4%) were TCF3-PBX1-positive. The proportion of patients with initial white blood cell count (WBC)≥50×10 9/L in the TCF3-PBX1-positive group was higher than that in the TCF3-PBX1-negative group, while the proportions of patients with MRD ≥1% on induction chemotherapy day 15 or day 19, and MRD ≥0.01% on induction chemotherapy day 33 or day 46 in the TCF3-PBX1-positive group were lower than those in the TCF3-PBX1-negative group (all P < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that MRD ≥1% on induction chemotherapy day 15 or day 19 and TCF3-PBX1 ≥0.01% on induction chemotherapy day 33 or day 46 were risk factors for OS and EFS (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that MRD ≥1% on induction chemotherapy day 15 or day 19 was an independent risk factor for OS ( HR = 10.589, 95% CI 1.903-58.933, P = 0.007) and EFS ( HR = 10.218, 95% CI 2.429-42.980, P = 0.002). TCF3-PBX1≥0.01% on induction chemotherapy day 33 or day 46 was an independent risk factor for EFS ( HR = 6.058, 95% CI 1.463-25.087, P = 0.013) but not for OS ( HR = 3.550, 95% CI 0.736-17.121, P = 0.115). The 10-year EFS and OS rates of the TCF3-PBX1-positive group were 84.6% (95% CI 76.9%-93.1%) and 89.1% (95% CI 82.1%-96.6%), and the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). Among 80 children who received standardized treatment, compared with children who were treated with CCLG-ALL 2008 regimen, the incidence of infection-related SAE was lower in children who were treated with CCCG-ALL 2015 regimen [0 (0/21) vs. 20.3% (12/59), χ2 = 5.22, P = 0.022], but there were no statistical differences in treatment-related mortality, relapse rate, EFS and OS between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:Children with TCF3-PBX1-positive B-ALL have a good prognosis, and MRD≥1% at middle stage of induction chemotherapy and TCF3-PBX1≥0.01% at the end of induction chemotherapy may be influencing factors for poor prognosis. CCCG-ALL 2015 regimen can reduce infection-related SAE while achieving good efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) children with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21).Methods:The data of 233 children diagnosed with B-ALL who received chemotherapy according to Chinese Children Cancer Group (CCCG) - acute lymphoblastic leukemia -2015 (CCCG-ALL-2015) protocol in the Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into iAMP21 group and non-iAMP21 group according to whether iAMP21 was positive in the bone marrow fluid of children before chemotherapy based on ETV6-RUNX1 probe fluorescence in situ hybridization. Children in iAMP21 group received CCCG-ALL-2015 intermediate-risk group regimen induction chemotherapy, while children in non-iAMP21 group received different intensities of chemotherapy according to the clinical risk classification. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients were compared in both groups, the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of B-ALL children with iAMP21 was analyzed.Results:iAMP21 was found in 5 (2.1%) of 233 B-ALL children. The median hemoglobin concentration in iAMP21 group was higher than that in non-iAMP21 group [99 g/L (71-148 g/L) vs. 74 g/L (30-156 g/L); U = 268.50, P = 0.043]; there were 4 cases (80%) with bone pain in iAMP21 group (5 cases) and 53 cases (23.2%) with bone pain in non-iAMP21 group (228 cases),and the difference in the osteoarticular pain incidence of both groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 8.53, P = 0.017). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with different gender, age, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, hepatosplenomegaly between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Among 5 children with iAMP21, 1 patient was detected with high CRLF2 expression and 1 patient with IKZF1 1-8 exon loss of heterozygosity. The above mentioned two children with iAMP21, whose minimal residual disease (MRD) were still positive after consolidation therapy, and then they received chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. MRD of the other 3 children with iAMP21 turned negative after induction therapy. Up to the last follow-up in October 2021, 5 patients with iAMP21 had disease-free survival. Conclusions:The incidence of B-ALL children with iAMP21 is about 2%. These patients are prone to osteoarticular pain and have relatively mild anemia. The curative effect of some children is still poor after active treatment,which needs to be further clarified with more samples.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of IL3-IGH fusion gene-positive pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with hypereosinophilia as the first presentation.Methods:The clinical data of 1 pediatric IL3-IGH fusion gene-positive ALL patient with hypereosinophilia as the first presentation in January 2021 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital was retrospectively analyzed and relevant literature was reviewed.Results:This 11-year-old male patient underwent bone marrow examination, and results showed that the proportion of eosinophils was increased; immunophenotyping disclosed that there were about 49.4% abnormal naive B lymphocytes in bone marrow; 43 leukemia fusion genes showed all negative; the whole transcriptome sequencing showed IL3-IGH fusion gene-positive. The patient was finally diagnosed as B-ALL with IL3-IGH fusion gene. According to the Chinese Children Cancer Group (CCCG)-ALL 2020 regimen, eosinophils returned to normal after induction therapy. Bone marrow examination on day 19 of induction showed that the proportion of promyelocytes was 0.005, the proportion of eosinophils was 0.05, and the minimal residual disease (MRD) was 23.02%. Bone marrow examination on day 46 of induction showed remission, and MRD was 0.18%. Consolidation chemotherapy used CAT (cyclophosphamide 1 g/m 2 once; cytarabine 50 mg/m 2, 12 h once, 7 days in total; mercaptopurine 40 mg/m 2, once per night, 7 days in total) regimen. Then the patient was added with lusotinib (75 mg 12 h once) orally and continued to receive high-dose methotrexate (5 g/m 2) regimen chemotherapy for 2 courses, the MRD was 0.20%. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) regimen was administered, followed by negative MRD. Conclusions:IL3-IGH fusion gene ALL is more frequently found in males, and more common in older children and young adults. It is prone to organ infiltration damage, and it has a high rate of induction failure and recurrence as well as poor prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and efficacy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and TP53 mutation, and to explore the relationship between TP53 mutation and the prognosis of children with ALL.Methods:The clinical data of 141 children with newly diagnosed ALL from November 2016 to December 2019 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were collected, and the whole-exome gene assay was performed in bone marrow samples of the children by using next-generation sequencing technology. The clinical characteristics of children with TP53 mutation were retrospectively analyzed, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of children with or without TP53 mutation.Results:Among the 141 children with newly diagnosed ALL, TP53 mutations were detected in 5 children (3.5%), all of which were B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). No TP53 mutation was detected in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) children, and TP53 mutation accounted for 4.0% (5/126) of B-ALL children. The types of TP53 mutation were all single nucleotide variants. Five ALL children with TP53 mutation were male, with a median age of 60 months (16- 156 months). At the time of onset, all children had anemia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and 4 children had subcutaneous hemorrhage and hyperuricemia. The immunophenotypes of all children were precursor B-cell type, and 4 children had myeloid antigen expression. Among 4 ALL children with TP53 mutation who received standard treatment, 2 cases relapsed, and the recurrence time was 8.9 months and 12.1 months, respectively. The expected 15-month EFS rate and OS rate of ALL children with TP53 mutation were lower than those of ALL children without TP53 mutation (37.5% vs. 97.7%, χ2 = 29.90, P < 0.001; 37.5% vs.98.3%, χ2 = 24.90, P < 0.001). Conclusions:ALL children with TP53 mutation are more commonly found in male and B-cell type, with high early recurrence rate and poor efficacy. TP53 mutation may become a necessary supplement for prognostic assessment.

Objective:To investigate the safety and prognostic value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for advanced gastric cancer patients with para-aortic lymph node metastasis.Methods:Clinicopathological data of 25 patients admitted to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital from Jan 2015 to Jun 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with SOX chemotherapy for 3 cycles. D 2 + paraaortic lymphadenectomy was performed in patients with stable disease (SD) . After operation, SOX regimen was used for 5 cycles of chemotherapy. Results:After 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there were 2 cases with progressive disease, 6 cases of SD and 17 cases of partial remission. There was no treatment-related death. Twenty-three patients underwent surgery, including 19(76%) patients of R 0 resection. Tirty-four out of 128 para aortic lymph nodes were metastatic. Postoperative complications occurred in 5(22%) patients, with no mortality . The median progression free survival time and median overall survival time were 20 and 29 months respectively. The 1, 3-year overall survival rates were 80% and 48%, and the 1-year and 3-year progression free survival rates were 72% and 38%, respectively. For those with para-aortic lymph node metastasis the 1-year and 3-year OS rate were 70% and 17%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is among others an independent prognostic factor affecting the post-op survival of advanced gastric carcinoma with para-aortic lymph node metastasis.

Radical cystectomy is widely used as a gold standard in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Urinary diversion is required after radical cystectomy. In all kinds of urinary diversion procedures, orthotopic neobladder is preferred by its advantages such as spontaneous voiding, avoidance of external ostomy and improvement of body image. After surgery, urinary incontinence is a common complication. In this review, we systematically outline the management of urinary incontinence in men after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder. And we mainly describe the influential factors of urinary incontinence, such as preoperative diabetes, intraoperative intestinal selection and nerve preservation, and postoperative urinary tract infection. The related post-operative management of urinary incontinence that has been conducted previously is also described in detail. The aim of this study is to provide guidance for the systematic treatment of urinary incontinence in clinical practice, and to look forward to the possible future development directions of urinary incontinence treatment, such as bladder neck reconstruction and stem cell therapy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of ETV6-RUNX1-positive childhood B-precursor acute lymphocyte leukemia (B-ALL) .Methods:The clinical data of 927 newly diagnosed children with B-ALL admitted to the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from April 2011 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of ETV6-RUNX1 gene, the patients were divided into ETV6-RUNX1 + and ETV6-RUNX1 - groups. The clinical features and prognosis between the two groups were compared. Among the 182 children with ETV6-RUNX1 +, 144 patients received the Chinese Childhood Leukemia Collaborative Group (CCLG) -ALL 2008 protocol (CCLG-ALL 2008 group) and 38 received the China Childhood Cancer Collaborative Group (CCCG) -ALL2015 protocol (CCCG-ALL 2015 group) . The efficacy, serious adverse effects (SAE) incidence, and treatment-related mortality (TRM) of the two groups were also compared. Results:Of the 927 B-ALL patients, 189 (20.4% ) were ETV6-RUNX1 +. The proportion of patients with risk factors (age ≥10 years or <1 year, white blood cell count ≥50×10 9/L) in the ETV6-RUNX1 + group was significantly lower than that in the ETV6-RUNX1 - group ( P=0.000, 0.001, respectively) , while the proportion of patients with good early response (good response to prednisone, d15 or d19 MRD <1% , and d33 or d46 MRD<0.01% in induction chemotherapy) in the ETV6-RUNX1 + group was significantly higher than that in the ETV6-RUNX1 - group ( P=0.028, 0.004, respectively) . The 5-year EFS and OS of the ETV6-RUNX1 + group were significantly higher than those of the ETV6-RUNX1 - group (EFS: 89.8% vs 83.2% , P=0.003; OS: 90.2% vs 86.3% , P=0.030) . The incidence of infection-related SAE and TRM was significantly higher than that of CCCG-ALL 2015 group. A statistical difference was observed between the incidence of infection-related SAE of the two groups (27.1% vs 5.3% , P=0.004) , but no difference in TRM (4.9% vs 0, P=0.348) . Conclusion:ETV6-RUNX1 +B-ALL children have fewer risk factors at diagnosis, better early response, lower recurrence rate, and good prognosis than that of ETV6-RUNX1 -B-ALL children. Reducing the intensity of chemotherapy appropriately can lower the infection-related SAE and TRM and improve the long-term survival in this subtype.