Objective To establish an inhalation infection pneumonia model of C57BL/6J mice with highly virulent and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)strain F291007,and to study the microbiological,pathological and immunological characteristics of this model.Methods The strain F291007 was isolated and identified before the bacterial suspension was administered to the mice via aerosolized intratracheal inoculation to establish the pneumonia infection model.In the course of infection,the conditions and survival of the mice were observed,and the bacterial loads,the histopathological states and the cytokine expression levels in the major organs were detected.Finally,three key cytokines were blocked to observe the survival of mice.Results The strain F291007 was isolated and identified.After lethal dose infection,all the mice died within 24 h.After sub-lethal dose infection,a large number of immune cells in the body were capable of phagocytosis and killing of invading pathogens,which was manifested as rapid clearance of bacteria in lungs and the exponential decrease of bacterial load with the passage of time.The pathological changes in lungs were most severe at 1 to 3 days but gradually recovered.After infection,interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in alveolar lavage fluid and serum were significantly increased at 1 to 3 days.After blocking of these three cytokines with specific antibodies,the survival rates of infected mice decreased significantly.Conclusion A mouse model of gradually-recovered pneumonia infection caused by PA inhalation has been established,suggesting that the first one to three days are critical to immune response after infection through multiple indicators.This mouse model can be used for research on the pathogenesis,immunoregulation and treatment evaluation of highly virulent and multi-drug resistant PA inhalation pneumonia infection.

Objective To construct a non-trace deletion mutant of exlA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NY8755(NY8755ΔexlA)and investigate the basic characteristics of pore-forming toxin ExlA.Methods The NY8755ΔexlA was constructed using the secondary homologous recombination method.C57BL/6J female mice ages 6 to 8 weeks were infected with NY8755 and NY8755 ΔexlA via aerosolized intratraheal inoculation respectively.Within 7 days of infection,the survival and weight changes of the mice were observed and recorded before the proinflammatory cytokines in the bronchoal-veolar lavage fluid(BALF)of the infected mice in the two groups were detected.Results The sequencing results showed that NY8755 ΔexlA was constructed.After 1×107 CFU NY8755 and NY8755 ΔexlA were infected,all the mice in the wild-type strain group died within 48 hours,while those in the mutant strain group began to die after 48 hours,and 40%of them remained alive 7 days later.The weight of surviving mice in the mutant strain group decreased but recovered gradually.After 12 hours of infection,there were more bloody exudates(redder in color)in the BALF of the wild-type strain group than in the mutant strain group,and the contents of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-17A (IL-17A)were significantly different. Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa pore-forming toxin ExlA is the key pathogenic virulence factor of the exlA-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa,which can significantly affect the survival status of mice and cause obvious inflammation in mice. Very little information is available on the action mechanisms of ExlA. In this study, The NY8755ΔexlA and the C57BL/6J mouse models infected with NY8755 and NY8755ΔexlA have been constructed that may be used for the investigation of pathogenesis of exlA-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Radical cystectomy combined with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard procedure for the treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer and complex non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Our department has routinely carried out laparoscopic radical cystectomy(ELRC)through the extraperitoneal approach in 340 cases.This article summarizes the establishment of the peritoneal space,the expansion of the peritoneal space,the operation steps of bladder resection and lymph node dissection through the peritoneal channel,and how to shorten the operation time and reduce the difficulty of the operation.During the surgery,the bladder is removed periperitoneally without destroying the peritoneum to preserve the functions of peritoneum support,secretion,protection and lubrication,which has little impact on the abdominal organs,reduces the incidence of complications,and provides favorable conditions for subsequent treatment.

【Objective】 To explore the safety and efficacy of a modified one-piece posterior laparoscopic total nephroureterectomy with cystic sleeve resection in the treatment of upper urinary tract uroepithelial carcinoma (UTUC). 【Methods】 A total of 24 patients treated during Jan. and Jun. 2022 were involved, including 16 males and 8 females, aged 62 to 90 (average 73) years. The UTUC was in the left side in 15 cases, and in the right side in 9 cases. There were 10 cases of renal pelvis tumor, 6 cases of upper ureteral tumor and 8 cases of lower ureteral tumor. 【Results】 All operations were successful without conversion to open surgery. The operation time ranged from 60 to 100 minutes, average (71.25±9.80) minutes. The intraoperative bleeding volume was 20 to 200 mL, average (30.03±8.13) mL. No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. The postoperative hospital stay was 4 to 7 days, average (5.83±1.44) days. Bladder perfusion chemotherapy was performed after surgery. 【Conclusion】 The modified one-piece posterior laparoscopic total nephroureterectomy plus cystic sleeve resection for UTUC is an effective and feasible procedure with satisfactory tumor control, which is worth further promotion in clinical practice.

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy and safety of single position transabdominal and extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy in the treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). 【Methods】 Clinical data of 31 UTUC cases treated in our hospital during Nov.2018 and Jun.2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 11 tumors in the right side, and 20 in left side. There were 14 cases of renal pelvic carcinoma, 16 cases of ureter carcinoma, and 1 case of renal pelvic carcinoma plus ureter carcinoma. 【Results】 All surgeries were successfully performed without conversion to open surgery. The mean operation time was (81.45±19.80) min, and the estimated blood loss was (69.03±24.13) mL. No serious perioperative complications were observed. The average postoperative hospital stay was (6.13±2.44) d, and the median follow-up was 28 (3.0-49.0) months. At the last follow-up, 2 patients died, 3 had recurrence, but no contralateral recurrence was observed. 【Conclusion】 Single position transabdominal and extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy is safe, effective and feasible in the treatment of UTUC. It is worth clinical popularization.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) combined with medication in the treatment of postoperative delirium after spine surgery.Methods:A total of 124 patients with postoperative delirium after spine surgery hospitalized from December 2012 to September 2018 were divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the preferences of patients or their relatives. Each group consisted of 62 patients. The control group received conventional medication, while the experimental group received HBO combined with conventional medication. After 7 days treatment, the clinical effects were evaluated by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS).Results:Before the treatments, there was no statistical significance of BPRS and CGIS between the experimental group and the control group ( P>0.05). After 7 days treatment, the BPRS (20.2±2.7) and CGIS (2.05±0.73) of experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (29.7±4.7 and 3.99±1.70); the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HBO combined with medication in the treatment of postoperative delirium after spine surgery could better relieve clinical symptoms, therefore, improve patients′ life quality.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) combined with medication in the treatment of postoperative delirium after spine surgery.Methods:A total of 124 patients with postoperative delirium after spine surgery hospitalized from December 2012 to September 2018 were divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the preferences of patients or their relatives. Each group consisted of 62 patients. The control group received conventional medication, while the experimental group received HBO combined with conventional medication. After 7 days treatment, the clinical effects were evaluated by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS).Results:Before the treatments, there was no statistical significance of BPRS and CGIS between the experimental group and the control group ( P>0.05). After 7 days treatment, the BPRS (20.2±2.7) and CGIS (2.05±0.73) of experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (29.7±4.7 and 3.99±1.70); the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HBO combined with medication in the treatment of postoperative delirium after spine surgery could better relieve clinical symptoms, therefore, improve patients′ life quality.

Objective To estimate the influence of simulated positive acceleration on rabbit lumbar disc degeneration by means of a controllable axial loading device,and to provide experimental reference for the further study on pilot's lumbar disc degeneration.Methods Twenty four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4-week group (n=8),8 week group (n=8) and control group (n =8).A self-designed controllable axial loading device was utilized to impose 40 N compress forces on the discs of the rabbits for 15 s,10 times a day for 4 and 8 weeks in two experimental groups respectively but in control group.Degeneration of the discs was evaluated by disc height index (DHI),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning results,type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ collagen that got from haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining,and immunohistochemical staining.Results ① Compared with that of control group and 4-week group,DHI of 8-week group had statistical difference (P＜ 0.01).There was no DHI difference between 4-week group and control group (P＞0.05).②Compared with that of control group and 4 week group,Pfirrmann's system (MRI) of 8 week group showed statistical difference (Z=3.655,3.330,P＜0.01),but the difference between 4-week group and control group (P＞0.05).③Compared with that of control group and 4-week group,Thompson grade of 8-week group showed statistical difference (Z=2.893,2.095,P＜0.05).Thompson grade did not significantly differ between 4-week group and control group (P＞0.05).④Immunohistochemical staining showed that the degeneration of type Ⅱ collagen in 8-week group was more serious.Staining for type Ⅰ collagen showed that the distribution of positive staining increased in nucleus pulposus.Conclusions According to DHI,MRI and pathology results,the lumbar disc of the rabbits in experimental group appear early degeneration,and become more serious as the loading time prolonged.It provides a good experimental reference for the further study of pilot's lumbar disc degeneration.

Objective To estimate the influence of simulated positive acceleration on rabbit lumbar disc degeneration by means of a controllable axial loading device,and to provide experimental reference for the further study on pilot's lumbar disc degeneration.Methods Twenty four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4-week group (n=8),8 week group (n=8) and control group (n =8).A self-designed controllable axial loading device was utilized to impose 40 N compress forces on the discs of the rabbits for 15 s,10 times a day for 4 and 8 weeks in two experimental groups respectively but in control group.Degeneration of the discs was evaluated by disc height index (DHI),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning results,type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ collagen that got from haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining,and immunohistochemical staining.Results ① Compared with that of control group and 4-week group,DHI of 8-week group had statistical difference (P＜ 0.01).There was no DHI difference between 4-week group and control group (P＞0.05).②Compared with that of control group and 4 week group,Pfirrmann's system (MRI) of 8 week group showed statistical difference (Z=3.655,3.330,P＜0.01),but the difference between 4-week group and control group (P＞0.05).③Compared with that of control group and 4-week group,Thompson grade of 8-week group showed statistical difference (Z=2.893,2.095,P＜0.05).Thompson grade did not significantly differ between 4-week group and control group (P＞0.05).④Immunohistochemical staining showed that the degeneration of type Ⅱ collagen in 8-week group was more serious.Staining for type Ⅰ collagen showed that the distribution of positive staining increased in nucleus pulposus.Conclusions According to DHI,MRI and pathology results,the lumbar disc of the rabbits in experimental group appear early degeneration,and become more serious as the loading time prolonged.It provides a good experimental reference for the further study of pilot's lumbar disc degeneration.

This study examined the impact of 935MHz phone-simulating electromagnetic radiation on embryo implantation of pregnant mice. Each 7-week-old Kunming (KM) female white mouse was set up with a KM male mouse in a single cage for mating overnight after induction of ovulation. In the first three days of pregnancy, the pregnant mice was exposed to electromagnetic radiation at low-intensity (150 μW/cm(2), ranging from 130 to 200 μW/cm(2), for 2- or 4-h exposure every day), mid-intensity (570 μW/cm(2), ranging from 400 to 700 μW/cm(2), for 2- or 4-h exposure every day) or high-intensity (1400 μW/cm(2), ranging from 1200 to 1500 μW/cm(2), for 2- or 4-h exposure every day), respectively. On the day 4 after gestation (known as the window of murine embryo implantation), the endometrium was collected and the suspension of endometrial glandular cells was made. Laser scanning microscopy was employed to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular calcium ion concentration. In high-intensity, 2- and 4-h groups, mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). The calcium ion concentration was increased in low-intensity 2-h group but decreased in high-intensity 4-h group as compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells between low- or mid-intensity groups and the normal control group, indicating stronger intensity of the electromagnetic radiation and longer length of the radiation are required to inflict a remarkable functional and structural damage to mitochondrial membrane. Our data demonstrated that electromagnetic radiation with a 935-MHz phone for 4 h conspicuously decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered the calcium ion concentration of endometrial glandular cells. It is suggested that high-intensity electromagnetic radiation is very likely to induce the death of embryonic cells and decrease the chance of their implantation, thereby posing a high risk to pregnancy.
Animals ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Embryo Implantation ; physiology ; Endometrium ; physiology ; Epithelial Cells ; physiology ; Female ; Male ; Mice