As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVETo detect whether the murine T-cell lymphoma cell line EL4 could be infected by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), and to observe the morphological changes and apoptosis of El4 cells before and after infection.

METHODSEL4 cells were infected with MCMV smith strain with 1, 10 and 100 multiplicity of infection (MOI) respectively. The morphology of the cells was observed by light microscopy and Wright's-Giemsa staining. The survival rate was calculated by trypan blue staining. RT-PCR-based assay was used to detect the copy number of MCMV-DNA in the infected ELA cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of P53, P21, cFlip and Caspase 8. The protein expression levels of Caspase8, P53, BAX, BCL-2 and Cleaved Caspase3 proteins were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSAfter Wright-Giemsa staining, it was found that the infected EL4 cells displayed larger volume, irregular nuclei and the folded twist under light microscopy. Compared with the normal control group, the survival rate of EL4 cells decreased, and the apoptosis rate statistically significantly (P<0.05) increased with the increasing MOI and the infected time in each group. While, the level of apoptosis protein P53, BAX/BCL-2, Cleaved-caspase3 and Caspase8 were up-regulated. And the survival rate, apoptosis rate and the apoptosis protein level of infected EL4 cells with MOI=10 were the most obvious at the 5day. Compared with MCMV infection group (MOI=60), the content of MCMV DNA in EL4 cells was decreased in MCMV+GGV group ［MOI=60, GCV 25 (g/ml)］, and the cell apoptosis rate and apoptosis protein expression of P53, Caspase8, BAX/BCL-2 were decreased (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMurine T-cell lymphoma cell line EL4 can be infected by MCMV and displayes an obvious apoptosis phenomenon. MCMV may up-regulate the expression levels of apoptosis protein P53, BAX-BCL-2, Cleaved-caspase3 and Caspase8 in EL4 cells. The drug ganciclovir reduces the copy mumber of MCMV DNA in infected EL4 cells and inhibited the killing effect of MCMV on EL4 cells.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 8 ; Ganciclovir ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Mice ; Muromegalovirus

BACKGROUNDAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic recurrent dermatitis with profound itching. Most patients have personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. Several criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of AD. Although the clinical features of childhood AD have been widely studied, there has been less large-scale study on adult/adolescent AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of adult/adolescent patients with chronic symmetrical eczema/AD and to propose Chinese diagnostic criteria for adult/adolescent AD.

METHODSA hospital-based study was performed. Forty-two dermatological centers participated in this study. Adult and adolescent patients (12 years and over) with chronic symmetrical eczema or AD were included in this study. Questionnaires were completed by both patients and investigators. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSA total of 2662 valid questionnaires were collected (1369 male and 1293 female). Of all 2662 patients, 2062 (77.5%) patients had the disease after 12 years old, while only 600 (22.5%) patients had the disease before 12 years old, suggesting late-onset eczema/AD is common. Two thousand one hundred and thirty-nine (80.4%) patients had the disease for more than 6 months. One thousand one hundred and forty-four (43.0%) patients had a personal and/or family history of atopic diseases. One thousand five hundred and forty-eight (58.2%) patients had an elevated total serum IgE and/or eosinophilia and/or positive allergen-specific IgE. Based on these clinical and laboratory features, we proposed Chinese criteria for adult/adolescent AD. Of all 2662 patients, 60.3% were satisfied with our criteria, while only 48.2% satisfied with Hanifin Rajka criteria and 32.7% satisfied with Williams criteria, suggesting a good sensitivity of our criteria in adult/adolescent AD patients.

CONCLUSIONLate-onset of eczema or AD is common. The clinical manifestations of AD are heterogeneous. We have proposed Chinese diagnostic criteria for adolescent and adult AD, which are simple and sensitive for diagnosis of adult/adolescent AD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Eczema ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The effect of topical propranolol gel on the levels of plasma renin, angiotensin II (ATII) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in superficial infantile hemangiomas (IHs) was investigated. Thirty-three consecutive children with superficial IHs were observed pre-treatment, 1 and 3 months after application of topical propranolol gel for the levels of plasma renin, ATII and VEGF in Department of General Surgery of Dongfang Hospital from February 2013 to February 2014. The plasma results of IHs were compared with those of 30 healthy infants of the same age from out-patient department. The clinical efficiency of topical propranolol gel at 1st, and 3rd month after application was 45%, and 82% respectively. The levels of plasma renin, ATII and VEGF in patients pre-treatment were higher than those in healthy infants (565.86 ± 49.66 vs. 18.19 ± 3.56, 3.20 ± 0.39 vs 0.30 ± 0.03, and 362.16 ± 27.29 vs. 85.63 ± 8.14, P < 0.05). The concentrations of VEGF and renin at 1st and 3rd month after treatment were decreased obviously as compared with those pre-treatment (271.51 ± 18.59 vs. 362.16 ± 27.29, and 405.18 ± 42.52 vs. 565.86 ± 49.66 P < 0.05; 240.80 ± 19.89 vs. 362.16 ± 27.29, and 325.90 ± 35.78 vs. 565.86 ± 49.66, P < 0.05, respectively), but the levels of plasma ATII declined slightly (2.96 ± 0.37 vs. 3.20 ± 0.39, and 2.47 ± 0.27 vs. 3.20 ± 0.39, P > 0.05). It was indicated that the increased renin, ATII and VEGF might play a role in the onset or development of IHs. Propranolol gel may suppress the proliferation of IHs by reducing VEGF.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Angiotensin II ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gels ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; blood ; blood supply ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Propranolol ; therapeutic use ; Renin ; blood ; Skin Neoplasms ; blood ; blood supply ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

Taking guizhi fuling capsule (GZFL) for instance, a new method about reference Chinese medicine preparation which was used as standard substance for the quality evaluation of complex Chinese medicine preparation by the fingerprint of reference preparation instead of standard fingerprint was proposed. It could eliminate the errors from different instruments, chromatographic columns and solve the problem of similarity matching in the absence of standard fingerprint. The qualification of reference GZFL was evaluated according to the quality control method of GZFL from Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Then multiple batches of GZFL were estimated, taking fingerprint of reference preparation and standard fingerprint as references, respectively, at different instruments and chromatographic columns. Finally, the packaging and expiration date for reference GZFL were confirmed according to the results of stability investigation. The results indicated that the fingerprint of reference GZFL could be used to assess the quality of GZFL better than standard fingerprint. The data of accelerated stability and long-term stability test demonstrated that reference GZFL was stable in the conditions of double blister package. Therefore, reference GZFL can be used as standard substance in quality control of GZFL.
Capsules ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Reference Standards

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and histopathological features of nodular gastritis (NG) in children.

METHODSA total of 213 children who had undergone gastroscopy due to upper gastrointestinal symptoms were enrolled and were divided into NG and non-NG groups according to endoscopic appearance. The histopathological features of gastric mucosa were evaluated using the updated Sydney System. The rates of Hp infection, moderate to severe inflammation and lymphoid follicles formation of gastric mucosa were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThirty-eight (17.8%) of the subjects were diagnosed with NG. The NG group had significantly increased rates of Hp infection (86.8% vs 14.3%; P<0.01), moderate to severe inflammation (81.6% vs 15.4%; P<0.01) and lymphoid follicles formation of gastric mucosa (52.6% vs 10.3%; P<0.01) compared with the non-NG group. NG had a high specificity (96.8%) and a positive predictive value (86.8%) for the diagnosis of Hp infection. NG was observed in 33 (56.9%) of 58 Hp-positive children and in 5 (3.2%) of 155 Hp-negative children (P<0.01). Hp-positive children had higher rates of moderate to severe inflammation (86.2% vs 5.2%, P<0.01) and lymphoid follicles formation of gastric mucosa (84.2% vs 14.9% P<0.01) compared with Hp-negative children. There were significant differences in Hp colonization, degree of inflammation and inflammation activity in gastric tissues between the NG and non-NG groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNG is a special sign of Hp infection in children, which mostly shows moderate to severe inflammation of gastric mucosa, and can be used as an endoscopic indicator of Hp infection. Hp eradication therapy should be considered in the treatment of NG.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gastritis ; pathology ; Helicobacter Infections ; pathology ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy,clinical benefits and toxicities of gemcitabine combined with erlotinib for advanced pancreatic cancer.

METHODClinical data of 20 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8 (repeated every 21 days) plus erlotinib 100-150 mg/d at Peking Union Medical College Hospital was reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTSNo patient achieved complete remission or partial remission, 11 patients (55%) had stable disease, and 9 patients (45%) experienced disease progression. The disease control rate was 55%, and clinical benefit rate was 30%. The median progression free survival was 4.0 months, and the median overall survival was 8 months. The total incidence of hematologic toxicity was 70%, including 15% of grade 3-4 leucopenia and 5% of grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia. Eleven patients (55%) had rash, which were all grade 1-2. One patient had grade 2 diarrhea and five had grade 1 transaminase elevation. No chemotherapy-related death occurred.

CONCLUSIONSGemcitabine combined with erlotinib is an effective regimen for pancreatic cancer with good clinical tolerance. The most common adverse events are hematologic toxicities and rash.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of garlicin on adhension molecules CD11a and deformability of peripheral neutrophil in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

METHODSNeutrophils were separated from peripheral blood of healthy subjects and ACI patients, and incubated in 37 degrees C in vitro. The CD11a expression was detected by antibody fluorescence labeling method and the time of neutrophils passing millipore membrane were measured for calculation of the filter index.

RESULTSCD11a expression rate in healthy subjects was 34.64 +/- 25.34%, while in patients was 55.35 +/- 30.54%, difference between them was significant (P < 0.05). After garlicin treatment, it lowered to 49.16 +/- 31.68%, as compared with untreated group, P < 0.05. The neutrophil filter index in healthy group, untreated group, garlicin treated group and Nimodipine treated group was 0.87 +/- 0.46, 6.42 +/- 6.40, 3.47 +/- 3.67 and 5.03 +/- 3.72 respectively, comparison between that in the garlicin treated group and in untreated group showed significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGarlicin could effectively inhibit the CD11a expression in peripheral blood neutrophils and improve the deformability of the neutrophils in ACI patients.

Aged ; Allyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; CD11a Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Separation ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; Disulfides ; pharmacology ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; drug effects ; Female ; Garlic ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils ; physiology

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of infants with functional constipation(FC)relating to food allergy(FA)and explore its ways of diagnosis and therapy.Methods The detail clinical information of the patients who corresponded to the criteria of diagnosis of FC and FA simultaneous from Mar.2007 to Dec.2009 were reviewed and analyzed.There were 496 cases of FA,in the FA joint clinic,gastroenterology clinic and pediatric ward,56 cases of them had the symptoms of FC(56/496 cases,11%),diets free and amino acid-based formulae were the treatments of the patients.The 56 cases were analyzed with skin-prick test(SPT),serum special IgE and serum special IgG,and the risk factors attributed to the no response to treatments with Logistic regression.Results Fifty-six cases opened the bowel less than twice a week,and companied with pain,8 patients with soiling once a week at least,10 patients with fecal retention,4 patients with large fecal in rectum.Mother or father with the history of allergy were 22 cases,17 cases,separately,both of mother and father with the history of allergy were 17 cases.The results of SPT,serum special IgE and serum special IgG showed that the patients with different allergens,cow's milk,egg,cod,especially.The patients with FC relating to FA were breast-feed,battle-feed or mix-feed.Treatment relied on amino acid-based formulae,as well as elimination diets in infants,80%of them(45/56 cases)improved.Introducing solid foods,the age of upsetting constipation and premature were the risk factors contributed to the no response to the diet free treatment.Conclusion FA should be consi-dered to contribute to the infants presenting with FC.Diets free and amino acid-based formulae may be effective.