Objective: To explore the influencing factors for sarcopenia among elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), so as to provide the basis for the early prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Methods: Male T2DM patients aged 60 and above admitted to Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January to December 2024 were selected as the study subjects. Demographic data, T2DM complications, and blood biochemical parameters were collected. Physical activity levels were assessed using the Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made according to the diagnostic procedures and criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019. Factors affecting sarcopenia among elderly male patients with T2DM were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 455 elderly male patients with T2DM were surveyed, with a mean age of (71.80±9.55) years. The predominant physical activity level was moderate with 226 cases accounting for 49.67%. The disease course of T2DM was mainly from 10-<20 years, with 229 cases accounting for 50.33%. There were 140 cases of T2DM complications, accounting for 30.77%. A total of 138 cases of sarcopenia were detected, with a prevalence of 30.33%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.077, 95%CI: 1.003~1.156), body mass index (<18.5kg/m2, OR=11.056, 95%CI: 3.343~36.547; 18.5~<25.0 kg/m2, OR=2.633, 95%CI: 1.420~4.881), physical activity level (low, OR=2.469, 95%CI: 1.421~4.292), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (yes, OR=1.871, 95%CI: 1.091~3.206), T2DM complications (yes, OR=3.015, 95%CI: 1.516~6.001), glycated hemoglobin (≥7%, OR=2.822, 95%CI: 1.423~5.590) and albumin (OR=0.810, 95%CI: 0.662~0.991) were factors affecting sarcopenia among elderly male patients with T2DM (P<0.05). Conclusion Advanced age, body mass index <25.0 kg/m2, low physical activity level, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T2DM complications, high glycated hemoglobin and low albumin are associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia in elderly male patients with T2DM.

Objective This study aimed to explore the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root morphology in patients with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ open bite,aiming to provide a refer-ence for clinical treatment.Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee,and informed consent was obtained from the patients.CBCT images of eighty-one untreated patients(40 anterior open bite patients and 41 normal overbite patients)with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected before treatment.Dolphin software was used to study the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root mor-phology,and the differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results There was no statistical significance in the root length of maxillary lateral incisor and canine between the open bite group and the normal overbite group,signifi-cant differences were found in the root length of maxillary central incisor(11.12±1.37)mm、mandibular central inci-sor(10.15±1.09)mm,mandibular lateral incisor(11.27±1.15)mm and mandibular canine(12.81±1.48)mm be-tween the open bite group and the normal overbite group(P＜0.05).On the other hand,the two groups were significant-ly different in crown-root morphology of the maxillary central incisor(1.10°±3.62° vs.4.53°±2.30°,P＜0.01)but not in the mandibular central incisor.Conclusion The root length of the maxillary central incisor,mandibular central inci-sor,mandibular lateral incisor,mandibular canine in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients is shorter than that in high-angle Class Ⅱ normal overbite patients,and the long axis of the crown of the maxillary central incisor in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients obviously deviates toward the labial side relative to the long axis of the root.The crown-root angle is smaller,which is beneficial to torque control or adduction movement of the anterior teeth in high-angle Class Ⅱopen bite patients.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root morphology in patients with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ open bite, aiming to provide a reference for clinical treatment. . Methods: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. CBCT images of eighty-one untreated patients (40 anterior open bite patients and 41 normal overbite patients) with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected before treatment. Dolphin software was used to study the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root morphology, and the differences between the two groups were analyzed. Results: There was no statistical significance in the root length of maxillary lateral incisor and canine between the open bite group and the normal overbite group, significant differences were found in the root length of maxillary central incisor （11.12 ± 1.37） mm、mandibular central incisor（10.15 ± 1.09）mm, mandibular lateral incisor（11.27 ± 1.15）mm and mandibular canine（12.81 ± 1.48）mm between the open bite group and the normal overbite group（P<0.05）. On the other hand, the two groups were significantly different in crown-root morphology of the maxillary central incisor (1.10° ± 3.62° vs. 4.53° ± 2.30°, P<0.01) but not in the mandibular central incisor. Conclusion The root length of the maxillary central incisor, mandibular central incisor, mandibular lateral incisor, mandibular canine in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients is shorter than that in high-angle Class Ⅱ normal overbite patients, and the long axis of the crown of the maxillary central incisor in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients obviously deviates toward the labial side relative to the long axis of the root. The crown-root angle is smaller, which is beneficial to torque control or adduction movement of the anterior teeth in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for social alienation among the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide insights into formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods: T2DM patients aged 60 years and older were selected from Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January to October 2023. Their demographics, diabetes complications were collected using questionnaire surveys, social support level was evaluated using the Social Support Scale, and the stigma was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale, and the social alienation was assessed using General Alienation Scale. Factors affecting the social alienation were identified among the elderly patients with T2DM using a multiple linear regression model. Results: A total of 316 elderly patients with T2DM were investigated, including 171 males (54.11%) and 145 females (45.89%), and had a mean age of (69.75±8.12) years. The level of social support was mainly medium, with 162 cases accounted for 51.27%. The average stigma scores were (61.87±12.50) points, and average social alienation scores were (42.09±6.33) points. Multiple linear regression analysis identified educational level (high school/junior college, β'=-0.159; college and above, β'=-0.301), marital status (married persons, β'=-0.236), monthly household income (3 000 Yuan and more, β'=-0.175), diabetes complications (β'=0.192), social support level (medium, β'=-0.210; high, β'=-0.352) and stigma score (β'=0.283) as factors affecting the social alienation among the elderly patients with T2DM. Conclusion The social alienation among the elderly patients with T2DM are associated with educational level, marital status, family income, diabetes complications, social support level and stigma.

Objective This study aimed to explore the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root morphology in patients with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ open bite,aiming to provide a refer-ence for clinical treatment.Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee,and informed consent was obtained from the patients.CBCT images of eighty-one untreated patients(40 anterior open bite patients and 41 normal overbite patients)with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected before treatment.Dolphin software was used to study the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root mor-phology,and the differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results There was no statistical significance in the root length of maxillary lateral incisor and canine between the open bite group and the normal overbite group,signifi-cant differences were found in the root length of maxillary central incisor(11.12±1.37)mm、mandibular central inci-sor(10.15±1.09)mm,mandibular lateral incisor(11.27±1.15)mm and mandibular canine(12.81±1.48)mm be-tween the open bite group and the normal overbite group(P＜0.05).On the other hand,the two groups were significant-ly different in crown-root morphology of the maxillary central incisor(1.10°±3.62° vs.4.53°±2.30°,P＜0.01)but not in the mandibular central incisor.Conclusion The root length of the maxillary central incisor,mandibular central inci-sor,mandibular lateral incisor,mandibular canine in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients is shorter than that in high-angle Class Ⅱ normal overbite patients,and the long axis of the crown of the maxillary central incisor in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients obviously deviates toward the labial side relative to the long axis of the root.The crown-root angle is smaller,which is beneficial to torque control or adduction movement of the anterior teeth in high-angle Class Ⅱopen bite patients.

Objective This study aimed to explore the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root morphology in patients with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ open bite,aiming to provide a refer-ence for clinical treatment.Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee,and informed consent was obtained from the patients.CBCT images of eighty-one untreated patients(40 anterior open bite patients and 41 normal overbite patients)with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected before treatment.Dolphin software was used to study the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root mor-phology,and the differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results There was no statistical significance in the root length of maxillary lateral incisor and canine between the open bite group and the normal overbite group,signifi-cant differences were found in the root length of maxillary central incisor(11.12±1.37)mm、mandibular central inci-sor(10.15±1.09)mm,mandibular lateral incisor(11.27±1.15)mm and mandibular canine(12.81±1.48)mm be-tween the open bite group and the normal overbite group(P＜0.05).On the other hand,the two groups were significant-ly different in crown-root morphology of the maxillary central incisor(1.10°±3.62° vs.4.53°±2.30°,P＜0.01)but not in the mandibular central incisor.Conclusion The root length of the maxillary central incisor,mandibular central inci-sor,mandibular lateral incisor,mandibular canine in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients is shorter than that in high-angle Class Ⅱ normal overbite patients,and the long axis of the crown of the maxillary central incisor in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients obviously deviates toward the labial side relative to the long axis of the root.The crown-root angle is smaller,which is beneficial to torque control or adduction movement of the anterior teeth in high-angle Class Ⅱopen bite patients.

Objective This study aimed to explore the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root morphology in patients with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ open bite,aiming to provide a refer-ence for clinical treatment.Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee,and informed consent was obtained from the patients.CBCT images of eighty-one untreated patients(40 anterior open bite patients and 41 normal overbite patients)with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected before treatment.Dolphin software was used to study the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root mor-phology,and the differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results There was no statistical significance in the root length of maxillary lateral incisor and canine between the open bite group and the normal overbite group,signifi-cant differences were found in the root length of maxillary central incisor(11.12±1.37)mm、mandibular central inci-sor(10.15±1.09)mm,mandibular lateral incisor(11.27±1.15)mm and mandibular canine(12.81±1.48)mm be-tween the open bite group and the normal overbite group(P＜0.05).On the other hand,the two groups were significant-ly different in crown-root morphology of the maxillary central incisor(1.10°±3.62° vs.4.53°±2.30°,P＜0.01)but not in the mandibular central incisor.Conclusion The root length of the maxillary central incisor,mandibular central inci-sor,mandibular lateral incisor,mandibular canine in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients is shorter than that in high-angle Class Ⅱ normal overbite patients,and the long axis of the crown of the maxillary central incisor in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients obviously deviates toward the labial side relative to the long axis of the root.The crown-root angle is smaller,which is beneficial to torque control or adduction movement of the anterior teeth in high-angle Class Ⅱopen bite patients.

Objective This study aimed to explore the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root morphology in patients with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ open bite,aiming to provide a refer-ence for clinical treatment.Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee,and informed consent was obtained from the patients.CBCT images of eighty-one untreated patients(40 anterior open bite patients and 41 normal overbite patients)with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected before treatment.Dolphin software was used to study the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root mor-phology,and the differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results There was no statistical significance in the root length of maxillary lateral incisor and canine between the open bite group and the normal overbite group,signifi-cant differences were found in the root length of maxillary central incisor(11.12±1.37)mm、mandibular central inci-sor(10.15±1.09)mm,mandibular lateral incisor(11.27±1.15)mm and mandibular canine(12.81±1.48)mm be-tween the open bite group and the normal overbite group(P＜0.05).On the other hand,the two groups were significant-ly different in crown-root morphology of the maxillary central incisor(1.10°±3.62° vs.4.53°±2.30°,P＜0.01)but not in the mandibular central incisor.Conclusion The root length of the maxillary central incisor,mandibular central inci-sor,mandibular lateral incisor,mandibular canine in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients is shorter than that in high-angle Class Ⅱ normal overbite patients,and the long axis of the crown of the maxillary central incisor in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients obviously deviates toward the labial side relative to the long axis of the root.The crown-root angle is smaller,which is beneficial to torque control or adduction movement of the anterior teeth in high-angle Class Ⅱopen bite patients.

Objective This study aimed to explore the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root morphology in patients with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ open bite,aiming to provide a refer-ence for clinical treatment.Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee,and informed consent was obtained from the patients.CBCT images of eighty-one untreated patients(40 anterior open bite patients and 41 normal overbite patients)with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected before treatment.Dolphin software was used to study the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root mor-phology,and the differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results There was no statistical significance in the root length of maxillary lateral incisor and canine between the open bite group and the normal overbite group,signifi-cant differences were found in the root length of maxillary central incisor(11.12±1.37)mm、mandibular central inci-sor(10.15±1.09)mm,mandibular lateral incisor(11.27±1.15)mm and mandibular canine(12.81±1.48)mm be-tween the open bite group and the normal overbite group(P＜0.05).On the other hand,the two groups were significant-ly different in crown-root morphology of the maxillary central incisor(1.10°±3.62° vs.4.53°±2.30°,P＜0.01)but not in the mandibular central incisor.Conclusion The root length of the maxillary central incisor,mandibular central inci-sor,mandibular lateral incisor,mandibular canine in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients is shorter than that in high-angle Class Ⅱ normal overbite patients,and the long axis of the crown of the maxillary central incisor in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients obviously deviates toward the labial side relative to the long axis of the root.The crown-root angle is smaller,which is beneficial to torque control or adduction movement of the anterior teeth in high-angle Class Ⅱopen bite patients.

Objective This study aimed to explore the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root morphology in patients with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ open bite,aiming to provide a refer-ence for clinical treatment.Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee,and informed consent was obtained from the patients.CBCT images of eighty-one untreated patients(40 anterior open bite patients and 41 normal overbite patients)with high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected before treatment.Dolphin software was used to study the root length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and central incisor crown-root mor-phology,and the differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results There was no statistical significance in the root length of maxillary lateral incisor and canine between the open bite group and the normal overbite group,signifi-cant differences were found in the root length of maxillary central incisor(11.12±1.37)mm、mandibular central inci-sor(10.15±1.09)mm,mandibular lateral incisor(11.27±1.15)mm and mandibular canine(12.81±1.48)mm be-tween the open bite group and the normal overbite group(P＜0.05).On the other hand,the two groups were significant-ly different in crown-root morphology of the maxillary central incisor(1.10°±3.62° vs.4.53°±2.30°,P＜0.01)but not in the mandibular central incisor.Conclusion The root length of the maxillary central incisor,mandibular central inci-sor,mandibular lateral incisor,mandibular canine in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients is shorter than that in high-angle Class Ⅱ normal overbite patients,and the long axis of the crown of the maxillary central incisor in high-angle Class Ⅱ open bite patients obviously deviates toward the labial side relative to the long axis of the root.The crown-root angle is smaller,which is beneficial to torque control or adduction movement of the anterior teeth in high-angle Class Ⅱopen bite patients.