Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a recently defined subtype of non-recirculating memory T cells with longevity and protective functions in peripheral tissues. As an essential frontline defense against infections, TRM cells have been reported to robustly patrol the tissue microenvironment in malignancies. Accumulating evidence also implicates that TRM cells in the relapse of chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and vitiligo. In light of these developments, this review aims to synthesize these recent findings to enhance our understanding of TRM cell characteristics and actions. Therefore, after providing a brief overview of the general features of the TRM cells, including precursors, homing, retention, and maintenance, we discuss recent insights gained into their heterogeneous functions in skin diseases. Specifically, we explore their involvement in conditions such as psoriasis, vitiligo, fixed drug eruption - dermatological manifestations of drug reactions at the same spot, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and melanoma. By integrating these diverse perspectives, this review develops a comprehensive model of TRM cell behavior in various skin-related pathologies. In conclusion, our review emphasizes that deciphering the characteristics and mechanisms of TRM cell actions holds potential not only for discovering methods to slow cancer growth but also for reducing the frequency of recurrent chronic inflammation in skin tissue.
Humans ; Skin Diseases/immunology* ; Memory T Cells/immunology* ; Animals ; Vitiligo/immunology* ; Psoriasis/immunology* ; Immunologic Memory

Objective To analyze the deep venous thrombosis(DVT)after plasma infusion in a patient with congenital dysfibrinogene-mia(CD),and explore the relationship between the CD and DVT.Methods The clinical data were collected and the pedigree was investigated(3 subjects of 2 generations in total).The relevant indexes of coagulation factors of the patient and her family members were detected.The genomic DNA of peripheral blood was extracted for PCR amplification.All the exons,flanking sequences,5'and 3'untranslated regions of FGA,FGB and FGG genes of fibrinogen(Fg)of the patient were analyzed by direct sequencing.The corre-sponding mutation site was subjected to sequence in the other members of this family.The PyMol software was used to construct the pro-tein model before and after gene mutation.Results The patient was admitted to hospital for hysteromyomectomy.DVT appeared in 3 days after surgery.The prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),Fg activity(Fg∶C)and Fg antigen(Fg∶Ag)of the patient was 14.9 s,33.3 s,0.94 g/L and 2.10 g/L,respectively.The above four indicators in her mother were 14.7 s,32.8 s,0.97 g/L and 2.35 g/L,respectively.Gene sequencing revealed that both the patient and her mother had a heterozygous missense mutation c.2185G＞A(p.Glu729Lys)in exon 6 of the FGA gene.The protein model analysis demonstrated that p.Glu729Lys mutation changed the amino acid side chain and reduced the number of hydrogen bonds originally formed with Arg854.Conclusion A heterozygous missense mutation c.2185G＞A(NM_000508)in exon 6 of the FGA gene should be responsible for the low fibrinogen level in this pedigree,which might be the main reason for DVT after plasma infusion in this patient.

Objective To explore the application value of vesicourethral anastomosis with maximal urethral length preservation(MULP)and bladder neck preservation(BNP)in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP)or robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(RALP)for high-risk prostate cancer(HRPC)in terms of early urinary continence and oncology.Methods Clinical data of 23 HRPC patients who underwent LRP(including RALP)with MULP and BNP in our hospital during May 2022 and Jan.2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients'basic information,surgical parameters,postoperative complications,oncological outcomes and urinary incontinence were collected and analyzed.Results All operations were completed successfully without conversion to open surgery.The operation time was(108±31)min,average blood loss(112±45)mL,hospital stay(5.5±1.5)days,urethral catheterization time(12.6±1.8)days,and no patient received blood transfusion during operation.The urinary continence rates at the time of catheter removal,and at 1,3,and 6 months after surgery were 39.1％,65.2％,73.9％,and 91.3％,respectively.Two patients had positive margins,both of which were at the neurovascular bundle.No patient developed surgery-related complications,urinary obstruction or fistula after surgery.Conclusion Vesicourethral anastomosis with MULP and BNP in LRP for HRPC can effectively improve patients'early urinary continence rate and postoperative quality of life without increasing the oncological risk.

Objectives:To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic risk factors in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with lung metastasis.Methods:Patients of differentiated thyroid cancer with lung metastasis in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital were enrolled from Jan 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2016. The clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors affecting the prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.Results:A total of 65 DTC patients with lung metastasis were collected in this study, including 56 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and 9 patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma; 23 patients died and 42 patients survived. Median follow-up time was 99.4 months. There were 18 males, 47 females. Age 14-73 years, median age 51.0 years. High incidence of DTC lung metastasis was 50-59 years for males and 40-49 years for females. Based on AJCC 8th edition TNM staging, there were 37 patients in stage Ⅱ (age <55 years) and 28 patients in stage Ⅳb (age ≥55 years). The number of 131Ⅰ treatments performed ranged from 1 to 13 times, with a mean of 3.9 times. Firty-five patients were with lung metastasis alone, and 10 patients with lung metastasis and distant metastasis in other organs. Eleven patients suffered from hypoparathyroidism after 131Ⅰ treatment. COX multifactorial regression analysis found that age was independent risk factor affecting prognosis, multiple organs distant metastasis and pathologic subtype were relative risk factors affecting prognosis. There was no correlation between gender, number of 131Ⅰ treatments and poor prognosis. Conclusions:DTC has a high survival even with the occurrence of lung metastasis, but the prognosis is poor when combined with multi-organ metastasis. Age and multiple organ distant metastatic are independent risk factors affecting prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical phenotypes and genetic variants in two Chinese pedigrees affected with Hereditary hypofibrinemia (IFD) and explore their molecular pathogenesis. METHODS: Two probands and their pedigree members were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University on March 30, 2021 and May 27, 2021, respectively. Clinical phenotypes of the probands were collected, and blood clotting indexes of the probands and their pedigree members were determined. Variants of the FGA, FGB and FGG genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing, and candidate variants were verified by sequence comparison. Bioinformatic software was used to analyze the conservation of the amino acids and pathogenicity of the proteins. Alteration in protein structure and intermolecular force before and after the variant was analyzed by simulating the protein model. RESULTS: Proband 1, a 18-year-old male, had significantly low plasma fibrinogen activity (Fg:C) and plasma fibrinogen antigen (Fg:Ag), respectively at 0.80 g/L and 1.00 g/L. Proband 2, a 43-year-old male, had slightly low Fg:C and Fg:Ag at 1.35 g/L and 1.30 g/L, respectively. The Fg:C and Fg:Ag of proband 1's father, proband 2's father and son were also below the normal level. Genetic testing showed that proband 1 had harbored a heterozygous missense variant of c.688T>G (p.Phe230Val) in exon 7 of the FGG gene, which was inherited from his father. Proband 2, his father and son all had harbored a heterozygous variant of c.2516A>C (p.Asn839Thr) in exon 6 of the FGA gene. Homology analysis showed that the Phe230 and Asn839 residues were highly conserved among homologous species. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that both p.Phe230Val and p.Asn839Thr were pathogenic variants. CONCLUSION Analysis of protein simulation model showed that the p.Asn839Thr variant has changed the hydrogen bo`nd between the amino acids, thus affecting the stability of the protein structure. The heterozygous missense variants of p.Phe230Val and p.Asn839Thr probably underlay the IFD in the two pedigrees.
Humans ; Male ; Amino Acids ; East Asian People ; Exons ; Pedigree ; Retrospective Studies ; Afibrinogenemia/genetics* ; Mutation, Missense ; Fibrinogen/genetics*

Nucleotide excision repair was a complex biochemical process that involved in the repair of many kinds of DNA damage. Previous study suggested that xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) gene played an important role in the process of DNA damage repair. This study aimed to explore the influence of XPC gene polymorphism on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who were treated with capecitabine-related adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 158 patients with CRC who received surgical resection and capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy were included in this study consecutively. Baseline clinical characteristics of patients were collected and analyzed. Additionally, peripheral blood specimens of the patients were collected for polymorphism analysis of XPC gene and mRNA expression of XPC, respectively. The association analysis between XPC polymorphism and prognosis and mRNA expression was performed. Cox regression analysis was used for multivariate adjustment. RESULTS: Prognostic data in the 158 patients with CRC who received capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy was collected retrospectively. The median follow-up duration of the patients was 5.0 years (range: 0.25-7.5 years). The median DFS and OS of the 158 patients with CRC was 4.5 years and 5.7 years, respectively. XPC polymorphism analysis suggested that rs2228001 was of clinical significance. The prevalence of rs2228001 polymorphism among CRC patients was: TT genotype 86 cases (54.4%), TG genotype 60 cases (38.0%) and GG genotype 12 cases (7.6%), resulting in a minor allele frequency of 0.27, which was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=0.733). TG and GG genotypes were merged in the subsequent analysis. The prognostic results exhibited that the median DFS of patients with TT genotype and TG / GG genotype was 4.5 and 5.7 years, respectively (c

Objective:To evaluate and compare efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) versus recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α receptor Ⅱ:IgG Fc fusion protein (rhTNFR:Fc) in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) .Methods:Clinical data were collected from patients with TEN treated with IVIG or rhTNFR:Fc in Wuhan No.1 Hospital from 2013 to 2019. There were 11 patients in the IVIG group, including 3 males and 8 females, aged 25-72 years, and the median TEN-specific severity-of-illness score (SCORTEN) was 3 points; there were 10 patients in the rhTNFR:Fc group, including 5 males and 5 females, aged 32-84 years, and the median SCORTEN was 2 points. These patients all showed no response to the 5-day treatment with prednisolone acetate at a dose of 0.6-1.0 mg·kg -1·d -1, and then received IVIG at a dose of 400 mg·kg -1·d -1 for 5 consecutive days, or subcutaneous injection of rhTNFR:Fc at a dose of 25 mg every other day for 4-6 sessions. Changes in skin lesions and adverse events were recorded in the 2 groups. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Mann-Whitney U test. Results:Compared with the rhTNFR:Fc group, the IVIG group showed a significant decrease in the time to onset of reduction of skin lesion exudate (1.73 ± 1.19 days vs. 3.00 ± 1.56 days, P < 0.05) , time to onset of pain relief in the lesion area (1.64 ± 1.28 days vs. 3.70 ± 1.63 days, P < 0.05) , time to lightening of color of the lesion base (2.45 ± 1.12 days vs. 3.90 ± 1.59 days, P < 0.05) , time to onset of new epidermis growth (3.09 ± 1.13 days vs. 5.20 ± 1.22 days, P < 0.05) , and in the time to onset of lesion drying at the intertriginous sites (4.82 ± 2.22 days vs. 7.90 ± 3.14 days, P < 0.05) . However, there was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the IVIG group (17.70 ± 8.33 days) and rhTNFR:Fc group (16.70 ± 4.71 days, P > 0.05) . No adverse reactions were observed during the treatment, and no recurrence or complications were found in the 21 patients during the follow-up of 6 months. Conclusion:IVIG and rhTNFR:Fc are both effective in the treatment of TEN, but IVIG is superior to rhTNFR:Fc in terms of the time to onset of pain relief, skin lesion exudate reduction and epidermal growth.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH)recurrence and reoperation strategies in elderly patients.Methods:From October 2012 to December 2018, 56 patients aged 85 years and over with CSDHs undergoing surgery in our hospital were enrolled.After surgery, 12 patients had hematoma recurrence, of whom 11 received reoperation.The strategies of reoperation and the risk factors of recurrence were analyzed.Results:The average age was similar between patients with and without recurrence( t=0.308, P=0.759). However, the rates of recurrence between patients with mixed and with homogeneous density were significantly different(53.3% vs 12.8%, χ2=6.54, P=0.011), and there was also a significant difference in recurrent rate between patients with a small maximum thickness(1.0 cm to 2.5 cm)and those with a large maximum thickness(≥2.5 cm)before operation(12.5% vs 50.0%, χ2=4.753, P=0.029). Patients with a maximum thickness≥1.0 cm after surgery was associated with a comparable risk of hematoma recurrence compared with those with a thickness<1.0 cm(31.0% vs 12.0%, χ2=1.823, P=0.177). Most patients(10/11)achieved a good prognosis after reoperation. Conclusion:Reoperation can improve the quality of life in elderly patients with CSDH recurrence and without obvious contraindications.

OBJECTIVE: To screen the optimal fitting model for the change trend of the number of new cases of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province by using linear and nonlinear regression models. Method The number of new cases of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province from 2003 to 2017 was used as the dependent variable(■) and the year(time) as the independent variable(x).Eleven mathematical models including linear regression, cubic function, quadratic function, composite function, growth function, exponential function, logistic function, power function, logarithmic function, S-type function and inverse function were used to fit the data, and the best-fit model was selected to describe and verify the change of new occupational diseases. RESULTS: Among the 11 mathematical models, the determination coefficient of fit results of cubic curve regression model was the highest(0.94, P<0.01), and the fit effect was the best. The fitting curve was ■. The cubic curve regression model was used to fit the number of new cases of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province from 2003 to 2019. The results showed that the measured value of new cases in all those years, except 2011, was within 95% confidence interval of the fitting value. The median(25 th, 75 th percentile) of absolute relative deviation between the fitting value and the actual value was 8.9%(4.3%, 14.7%). CONCLUSION: The regression model based on cubic curve can better fit the incidence of occupational diseases and can be used to describe the occurence of occupational diseases.

Objective:To explore the correlation between thyroid hormone content and treatment outcome in patients with biphasic disorder (BPD) and depressive disorder (DPD) before and after treatment.Methods:From June 2017 to June 2019, 72 patients with BPD(BPD group), 46 patients with DPD(DPD group) who met the diagnostic criteria of International Statistics and Classification of Disease and Health problems-10th Edition (ICD-10) in the Third People′s Hospital of Jiangmen, and 20 normal controls(control group) in our Hospital were enrolled in this study.The serum concentrations of total thyroxine (TT 4), total triiodothyronine (TT 3) and high sensitivity thyrotropin (HS-TSH) were measured at baseline, and the above hormone concentrations were measured in the study group after treatment for 12 weeks.The 17 Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Bech-Rafaesdn Mania Rating Scale(BRMS) were used to evaluate the severity of symptoms at baseline and at the end of treatment.The curative effect was compared between the two groups, and the correlation between the curative effect (score reduction rate) and thyroid hormone level (concentration change) was observed. Results:At baseline, the concentrations of TT 4, TT 3 of patients with depressive phase in BPD group[(54.75±12.26)nmol/L, (86.26±15.29)nmol/L] were lower than those in the control group[(145.64±12.15)nmol/L, (156.78±36.54)nmol/L], and the TSH level in BPD group[(68.97±5.98)mIU/L]was higher than that in the control group[(45.59±9.28)mIU/L]; the levels of TT 4, TT 3 of patients with manic and mixed phase in BPD group[(166.75±12.25)nmol/L, (186.36±35.15)nmol/L] were higher than those in the control group, and the level of TSH in BPD group[(7.87±3.56)mIU/L] was lower than that in the control group; the concentrations of TT 4, TT 3 in DPD group[(65.59±23.11)nmol/L, (92.21±19.36)nmol/L] were lower than those in the control group, and the TSH level in DPD group[(69.38±14.75)mIU/L] was higher than that in the control group, the differences were ststistically significant ( t=5.867, 4.657, 2.369, 2.789, 3.247, 6.356, 4.358, 3.265, 2.365, all P<0.05). After treatment for 12 weeks, there were no statistically significant differences in TT 3, TT 4, HS-TSH concentrations among the three groups (all P>0.05). After treatment for 12 weeks, the scores of HAMa+ d, BRMS in BPD group and DPD group were significantly lower than those at baseline ( t=8.854, 12.321, 6.756, all P<0.05). The score of HAMa+ d was negatively correlated with TT 4, TT 3 concentrations, and positively correlated with HS-TSH concentration.The score of BRMS was positively correlated with TT 4, TT 3 concentrations, and negatively correlated with HS-TSH concentration. Conclusion:The level of thyroid hormone in patients with biphasic disorder and depressive disorder is different from that in normal subjects, and the level of thyroid hormone is closely related to the curative effect.