ObjectiveTo explore and analyze the influencing factors of myopia among the primary and middle school students, and to provide an evidence for the prevention and control of myopia in students through the combination of scientific use in electronic products and adherence improvement to outdoor activities. MethodsStratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4 schools in Jiading District, in which all the students in grades 3‒5 of primary school and grades 7‒9 of middle school were enrolled into the study for a questionnaire survey and refraction examination. The χ² test was used to compare the data between the myopic and non-myopic group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of myopia. ResultsThe total myopia detection rate among the primary and middle school students in the industrial zone of Jiading District was 62.8%, with a detection rate of 46.9% for primary school students and 75.6% for middle school students, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that middle school (OR=3.639, 95%CI=3.045‒4.349, P<0.001), female students (OR=1.278, 95%CI=1.081‒1.510, P=0.004), the frequency of school desks and chairs was adjusted>1 semester (OR=1.227, 95%CI=1.031‒1.461, P=0.021), the length of time spent on extracurricular tutorial classes for main courses ≥1 hour in a week (OR=1.205,95%CI=1.009‒1.440, P=0.040), parents reduced the length of time that their children spent on exercise (OR=1.205, 95%CI=1.009‒1.440, P=0.040), and parental myopia (OR=2.611, 95%CI=2.157‒3.160, P<0.001) were associated with myopia among the primary and middle school students in the industrial zone of Jiading District. ConclusionThe detection rate of myopia among students in Jiading District was relatively high. More attention should be paid to the effect of school desks and chairs’ adjustment frequency, the length of time spent on extracurricular tutorial classes for main courses, electronic screen exposure time on students’ vision, so as to prevent and slow down the occurrence and development of myopia.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of morin-induced autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells based on mTOR/STAT3 signaling axis.Methods A549 cells were divided into blank group and 30,60,90,120 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups.After 24,48 and 72 hours of culture,the cell proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 method,and the cell inhibition rate was calculated.A549 cells were divided into blank group and 30,90,150 μg·mL-1 morin groups.After 14 days of culture,the cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay.After 24 hours of culture,the cell proliferation ability was detected by BeyoClickTM EdU-488.Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry;acridine orange staining was used to detect cell autophagy;the formation of autophagosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Western Blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis,autophagy and mTOR/STAT3 signaling axis-related proteins in cells.A549 cells were divided into blank group,blank group + chloroquine(10 μg·mL-1)group,morin(30,150 μg·mL-1)group,morin(30,150 μg·mL-1)+ chloroquine(10 μg·mL-1)group.After 48 hours of intervention,the cell activity was detected by CCK-8 method,and the cell survival rate was calculated.Results Compared with the blank group,the inhibition rate of A549 cells in 60,90,120,150 μ g·mL-1 of morin group was significantly increased after 24 hours of intervention(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).The inhibition rates of A549 cells in 30,60,90,120 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups were significantly increased after 48 and 72 hours of intervention(P＜0.001).The number of A549 cell colonies and the number of green fluorescent proliferation positive cells in the 30,90,150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),the apoptosis rate was significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),and the protein expression level of cleaved-PARP was significantly increased(P＜0.001).The protein expression levels of p-P38/P38 MAPK in A549 cells of 90 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups were significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Different degrees of orange fluorescence appeared in A549 cells of 30,90 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups,and the orange fluorescence of 90 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups was significant.Autophagosomes and autolysosomes appeared in the cytoplasm of A549 cells in 150 μg·mL-1 of morin group,respectively.The protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ in A549 cells of 150 μg·mL-1 of morin group was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05).The protein expression of Atg16L1-Ⅱ in A549 cells of 90,150 μg·mL-1 of morin group was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.001),and the protein expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-STAT3/STAT3 were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.001).Compared with the morin(150 μg·mL-1)group,the survival rate of A549 cells in the morin(150 μg·mL-1)+chloroquine(10 μg·mL-1)group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Morin can promote the apoptosis of A549 cells and induce autophagy in A549 cells,and the mechanism may be related to mTOR/STAT3 axis.

Objective To observe the abnormal brain activity in patients with migraine without aura(MwoA)with MRI.Methods Fifty MwoA patients(MwoA group)and 46 healthy volunteers(control group)were prospectively enrolled.Functional MRI(fMRI)was performed to observe the dynamic regional homogeneity(dReHo)of brain regions,then brain regions with differences of dReHo value between groups were extracted,and correlations with clinical scales were analyzed.Results Compared with control group,dReHo values of surrounding cortex of bilateral calcarine fissure and right middle occipital gyrus increased,of right middle temporal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus and left cuneus decreased in MwoA group(GRF correction,voxel level all P＜0.005,cluster level all P＜0.05).The weight analysis showed that brain regions with top 3 absolute weight values were surrounding cortex of right calcarine fissure,left cuneus and right middle occipital gyrus.dReHo value of surrounding cortex of left calcarine fissure in MwoA patients was negative correlated with self-rating depression scale(SDS)(r=-0.28,P=0.04).Conclusion Abnormalities in the upward transmission pathway of visual information existed in MwoA patient,especially in surrounding cortex of right calcarine fissure,left cuneus and right middle occipital gyrus.

Objective To observe the alterations in functional complexity of brain regions in autism spectrum disorder(ASD)patients and correlations with the predicted brain age.Methods Open brain resting-state functional MRI(rs-MRI)data of 93 ASD patients and 96 typically developing adolescents(healthy subjects)were downloaded.The functional complexity in brain regions were extracted with self-developed virtual digital brain software,and the alterations in functional complexity of brain regions in ASD patients and correlations with their ages were analyzed.Two networks were prospectively trained with data of 65 ASD patients and 67 healthy subjects as the training set to predict brain age,and the results were evaluated,and the predicting errors were compared using test set,i.e.the other 28 ASD patients and 29 healthy subjects.Results Compared to healthy subjects,on the basis of anatomical automatic labeling(AAL)atlas,ASD patients exhibited significantly reduced functional complexity based on Shannon entropy in the left precuneus,left cuneus and right parahippocampal gyrus.Conversely,functional complexity of ASD patients based on permutation entropy significantly increased in the left cuneus and right cerebellar Crus Ⅱ region.The left hippocampus showed reduced functional complexity based on Pearson correlation coefficient,while the left middle temporal gyrus showed increased functional complexity based on Pearson correlation coefficient.The functional complexity in brain regions of ASD patients were not closely correlated with ages(all|r|＜0.4).According to the trained fully connected network,the predicted brain ages of ASD patients and healthy subjects in test set were all lower than their physiological ages,but no significant difference was found between the prediction errors of ASD patients and healthy subjects(P=0.283).Conclusion Functional complexity changed in some brain region functions in ASD patients.The predicted brain ages of ASD patients based on the obtained fully connected network were on the low side,but not obviously affected by the alterations of functional complexity in brain regions.

Objective To optimize the screening methods for antiallergic activity of two Chinese medicines in vitro and compare the antiallergic activity of five medicine pairs in vitro.Methods The degranulation assay of RBL-2H3 cells was optimized,and the activity of the five drugs on inhibiting mast cell degranulation was compared by toluidine blue staining and the release of β-HEX and histamine(HIS).The hyaluronidase inhibition test was optimized to compare the hyaluronidase inhibition effect of five Chinese medicine pairs.Results In the experiment of degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells,5 medicine pairs could inhibit β-HEX release from model cells to different degrees(P<0.05),including Schizonepetae Herba-Saposhnicovia divaricata,Ephedrae Herba-Asarum,Saposhnicovia divaricata-Radix Angelicae dahuricae,Rhizoma Chuanxiong-Asarum.The β-HEX release rate in the supernatant of degranulated model cells was significantly increased(P<0.05)after coculture with Flos Magnoliae-Fructus Xanthii.All the five medicine pairs could reduce HIS release in the supernatant of degranulated model cells.In the hyaluronase inhibition rate test,the hyaluronase inhibition rate of each medicine pair was Rhizoma Chuanxion-Asarum>Saposhnicovia divaricate-Radix Angelicae dahuricae>Schizonepetae Herba-Saposhnicovia divaricate>Ephedrae Herba-Asarum,among which Rhizoma Chuanxiong-Asarum had the strongest anti-allergic activity.Conclusion The trend of antiallergic activity of different drugs obtained by the two methods is consistent in vitro,indicating that the two methods can be used for screening antiallergic activity in vitro.

Objective To analyze the individualized CTV-to-PTV margin dose and positioning errors in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer for improving the treatment accuracy while meeting dose requirements.Methods Fifty-four esophageal cancer patients admitted to Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center at Huangpu District from June 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled.All of the patients underwent CBCT scans in each fraction,and a total of 1283 CBCT images were collected.The image registration between CBCT image before radiotherapy and planning CT image was carried out to obtain errors in vertical(VRT),longitudinal(LNG),lateral(LAT),Roll,Pitch,and YAW directions.The mean values of six-dimensional positioning errors in the first 5 fractions were calculated,and the results were compared with the total fractional errors using the single sample t-test method for determining the differences.The CTV-to-PTV margin was calculated with the formula(margin=2.5∑+0.7δ),and the calculated margins were divided into 5 groups:Group A(5 mm expansion in all directions),Group B(7.9 mm expansion in LAT direction,and 5 mm expansion in other directions),Group C(11.03 mm expansion in LNG direction,and 5 mm expansion in the other directions),Group D(6.36 mm expansion in VRT direction,and 5 mm expansion in the other directions),and Group E(7.9 mm expansion in LAT direction,11.03 mm expansion in LNG direction,and 6.36 mm expansion in VRT direction).Simulation planning was conducted for 10 patients.Results The proportions of differences between the mean values of six-dimensional errors in the first 5 fractions and the total fractional errors in 54 patients were analyzed.There was no significant difference in 192 out of the 324 directions in 54 patients,accounting for 59.26%(P>0.05).Among them,the LAT,LNG,VRT,Pitch,Roll and YAW directions accounted for 64.81%,57.41%,51.85%,64.81%,57.41%and 59.26%of the total cases.The calculated CTV-to-PTV margin was 7.90,11.03 and 6.36 mm in LAT,LNG and VRT directions.The statistical analysis showed that the differences in the coverage rates of organs-at-risk and target areas among the 5 groups of CTV-to-PTV margins were trivial(P>0.05).Conclusion Using the positioning errors in the first 5 fractions of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer to predict subsequent positioning errors is feasible.The reasonable individualized margin in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer can reduce the inter-fractional off-target rate without increasing the dose delivered to organs-at-risk.The study provides a reference for the target volume margin of esophageal cancer and an important basis for precision treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of intradermal suturing using the principle of mortise-and-tenon suture in repair of superficial widened scars.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients with superficial widened scars repaired in the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2017 to January 2022. All patients were treated with this mortise-and-tenon method. During the operation, a pike incision was made along the outer margin of the scar to remove the top half of the dermal scar tissue, along with the epidermis. Serial tenon structures were created on the retained dermal scar tissue. Corresponding serial mortise structures were created by the removal of identically shaped blocks of dermal tissue opposite to the corresponding tenon structures. By suturing each tenon into its corresponding mortise, tensionless incision closure was readily achieved. Then, the skin was intermittently sutured. The incision was observed at postoperative follow-up, the Vancouver scar scale(VSS) was used to assess scar appearance, while higher scores indicated more severe scars; the scar width was measured, and patient satisfaction was recorded at 6 months postoperatively.Results:A total of 32 patients, 8 males and 24 females, aged from 8 to 44 years old (mean, 34 years old), were enrolled. All scars were elongated in shape and the VSS score was 3-7 (mean, 4.6). The scar width ranged from 2 to 11 mm (mean, 4 mm). The postoperative follow-up was 6 to 24 months. All incisions were healed by primary intention. 4 cases (12.5%) showed some degree of scar hyperplasia, which was improved by local compression and medication, and the remaining 28 cases (87.5%) showed small incision scars with a flat appearance, which were significantly improved compared with the preoperative period. Among these 28 cases, the VSS score was 0-2 (mean, 0.9). The scar width was 0.1-1.0 mm, (mean, 0.3 mm), including 11 cases with scar width <0.3 mm, 8 cases with scar width of 0.3-0.5 mm, and 9 cases with scar width of >0.5-1.0 mm. 28 patients were satisfied (satisfaction rate of 87.5%) and 4 cases were good.Conclusion:The proposed mortise-and-tenon scar repair technique can effectively reduce incision tension and thus the final incision scar is minimal.

Objective:To investigate the surgical technique and therapeutic effect for the repair of aponeurotic ptosis via a transconjunctival approach.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patient data from the Department of Facial and Neck Plastic Surgery, the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from September 2020 to March 2022. These patients were treated for aponeurotic ptosis through a transconjunctival approach. During the operation, after the upper eyelid conjunctiva was incised longitudinally and the Müller muscle was separated, the end of the levator aponeurosis and the white line were fixed on the upper edge of the tarsus. Evaluation of surgical effect: (1) degree of correction, including normal correction, over correction and under correction; (2) symmetry, divided into good, medium, poor 3 grades; (3) stability, divided into good, weakened, disappeared 3 grades; (4) postoperative complications; (5) patient satisfaction was divided into three levels: satisfactory, general and unsatisfactory.Results:23 cases ( 37 eyes ) were treated, including 9 males and 14 females, aged 22-41 years (mean 31 years), including mild ptosis in 21 eyes, moderate ptosis in 9 eyes, and severe ptosis in 7 eyes. Follow up period was 6-18 months, with an average of 13.5 months. All 37 eyes (100%) were evaluated as normal corrective and good stability after surgery. Symmetry evaluation showed "good" in 21 cases (91.3%) and "moderate" in 2 cases (8.7%). All patients were satisfied with the correction effect of ptosis with normal eyelid appearance and function. No severe postoperative complications happened.Conclusion:The transconjunctival approach can correct aponeurotic ptosis with good result and low morbidity. Quick postoperative recovery and natural eyelid appearance can be achieved.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of intradermal suturing using the principle of mortise-and-tenon suture in repair of superficial widened scars.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients with superficial widened scars repaired in the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2017 to January 2022. All patients were treated with this mortise-and-tenon method. During the operation, a pike incision was made along the outer margin of the scar to remove the top half of the dermal scar tissue, along with the epidermis. Serial tenon structures were created on the retained dermal scar tissue. Corresponding serial mortise structures were created by the removal of identically shaped blocks of dermal tissue opposite to the corresponding tenon structures. By suturing each tenon into its corresponding mortise, tensionless incision closure was readily achieved. Then, the skin was intermittently sutured. The incision was observed at postoperative follow-up, the Vancouver scar scale(VSS) was used to assess scar appearance, while higher scores indicated more severe scars; the scar width was measured, and patient satisfaction was recorded at 6 months postoperatively.Results:A total of 32 patients, 8 males and 24 females, aged from 8 to 44 years old (mean, 34 years old), were enrolled. All scars were elongated in shape and the VSS score was 3-7 (mean, 4.6). The scar width ranged from 2 to 11 mm (mean, 4 mm). The postoperative follow-up was 6 to 24 months. All incisions were healed by primary intention. 4 cases (12.5%) showed some degree of scar hyperplasia, which was improved by local compression and medication, and the remaining 28 cases (87.5%) showed small incision scars with a flat appearance, which were significantly improved compared with the preoperative period. Among these 28 cases, the VSS score was 0-2 (mean, 0.9). The scar width was 0.1-1.0 mm, (mean, 0.3 mm), including 11 cases with scar width <0.3 mm, 8 cases with scar width of 0.3-0.5 mm, and 9 cases with scar width of >0.5-1.0 mm. 28 patients were satisfied (satisfaction rate of 87.5%) and 4 cases were good.Conclusion:The proposed mortise-and-tenon scar repair technique can effectively reduce incision tension and thus the final incision scar is minimal.

Objective:To investigate the surgical technique and therapeutic effect for the repair of aponeurotic ptosis via a transconjunctival approach.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patient data from the Department of Facial and Neck Plastic Surgery, the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from September 2020 to March 2022. These patients were treated for aponeurotic ptosis through a transconjunctival approach. During the operation, after the upper eyelid conjunctiva was incised longitudinally and the Müller muscle was separated, the end of the levator aponeurosis and the white line were fixed on the upper edge of the tarsus. Evaluation of surgical effect: (1) degree of correction, including normal correction, over correction and under correction; (2) symmetry, divided into good, medium, poor 3 grades; (3) stability, divided into good, weakened, disappeared 3 grades; (4) postoperative complications; (5) patient satisfaction was divided into three levels: satisfactory, general and unsatisfactory.Results:23 cases ( 37 eyes ) were treated, including 9 males and 14 females, aged 22-41 years (mean 31 years), including mild ptosis in 21 eyes, moderate ptosis in 9 eyes, and severe ptosis in 7 eyes. Follow up period was 6-18 months, with an average of 13.5 months. All 37 eyes (100%) were evaluated as normal corrective and good stability after surgery. Symmetry evaluation showed "good" in 21 cases (91.3%) and "moderate" in 2 cases (8.7%). All patients were satisfied with the correction effect of ptosis with normal eyelid appearance and function. No severe postoperative complications happened.Conclusion:The transconjunctival approach can correct aponeurotic ptosis with good result and low morbidity. Quick postoperative recovery and natural eyelid appearance can be achieved.