Objective To analyze the screening results of prostate cancer(PCa)based on the serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level in middle-aged and elderly men in Kaifeng,so as to provide reference for optimizing the early screening strategy of PCa.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional design was adopted to analyze the serum PSA test results of male residents aged 52 to 94 collected from 14 community health service stations in Kaifeng during Jul.2024 and Apr.2025. Participants with PSA ≥4 μg/L were recommended to undergo prostate biopsy at a tertiary grade A hospital for a confirmed diagnosis.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of referral compliance.The PSA positivity rate,referral loss rate,puncture willingness rate,and biopsy positivity rate were calculated.Results A total of 2812 men received free PSA screening.Among them,248 had abnormal PSA(≥4 μg/L),with a positive rate of 8.8%(248/2812).Only 105 cases were successfully referred to a tertiary grade A hospital,with a referral rate of 42.3%(105/248),and the referral loss rate reached 57.7%.Fifty-seven patients were advised to undergo prostate biopsy,but only 23 actually underwent prostate biopsy,and the willingness rate was 40.4%(23/57).Fourteen cases were diagnosed with PCa and the positive rate of prostate biopsy was 60.9%(14/23).The overall detection rate of PCa was 0.5%(14/2812).In the screening stage,the median PSA was 6.7(4.8-11.2)μg/L.The Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between participant age and PSA level(r_s=0.28,P＜0.001).In the diagnostic stage,only 40.4% of the referred patients underwent prostate biopsy,and the loss rate reached 59.6%.The median PSA in the PCa group was significantly higher than that in the non-PCa group(9.8 μg/L vs. 5.1 μg/L,P=0.002).Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that advanced age(OR=1.08)and educational level of primary school or below(OR=3.32)were independent influencing factors for referral disorders(P＜0.001).In terms of screening efficacy,the overall biopsy positivity rate was 5.6%(14/248).Conclusion Conducting PCa screening based on PSA testing among middle-aged and elderly male residents can significantly increase the detection rate of clinically meaningful PCa,thereby improving the overall prognosis of patients.However,insufficient referral compliance(only 42.3%)and low puncture willingness rate(only 40.4%)have limited the screening benefits.Therefore,the research suggests that measures such as strengthening health education,popularizing relevant knowledge,and providing referral support are needed to reduce the churn rate.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of cannabidiol(CBD)in improving renal function and protecting the kidney in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).Methods A total of 24 healthy,8-week-old,WTC57BL/6 male mice were divided into the Sham group,UUO group and UUO+CBD group,with 8 rats in each group.The UUO models were established by ligating one side of the ureter and removing the contralateral kidney to ensure unilateral kidney hydronephrosis.In the UUO+CBD group,5 mg/kg CBD was intraperitoneally injected immediately after the operation,once a day for 10 days.The Sham and UUO groups were given the same amount of normal saline.Blood sample was collected through the inner canthus venous plexus of the orbit 24 hours after the last administration.The levels of serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected with an automatic biochemistry analyzer.The histopathological sections were prepared,the pathological changes of renal tissues were observed under a light microscope,and the pathological injuries were scored.Mitochondrial quantity and morphological structure changes were observed with a transmission electron microscopy.Results Compared with the Sham group,the UUO group exhibited significantly higher levels of Scr[(22.55±3.29)μmol/L vs.(12.11±3.32)μmol/L],BUN[(18.62±2.15)mmol/L vs.(10.05±1.19)mmol/L],TNF-α[(21.04±2.56)pg/mL vs.(9.26±0.47)pg/mL],IL-1β[(10.25±1.25)pg/mL vs.(5.44±0.99)pg/mL],and MDA[(31.26±1.17)nmol/mL vs.(17.12±1.39)nmol/mL],but significantly lower level of SOD[(90.26±2.11)U/mL vs.(136.54±3.05)U/mL],all P＜0.000 1.Compared with the UUO group,the UUO+CBD group showed a significant decrease in the levels of Scr[(16.82±0.89)μmol/L vs.(22.55±3.29)μmol/L],BUN[(14.35±0.99)mmol/L vs.(18.62±2.15)mmol/L],TNF-α[(16.29±0.88)pg/mL vs.(21.04±2.56)pg/mL],IL-1β[(6.23±0.95)pg/mL vs.(10.25±1.25)pg/mL],MDA[(20.36±1.23)nmol/mL vs.(31.26±1.17)nmol/mL],and renal pathological damage score[(1.88±0.64)vs.(2.50±0.76)],but a significant increase in SOD level[(117.84±1.57)U/mL vs.(90.26±2.11)U/mL],all P＜0.000 1.Under electron microscopy,mitochondrial swelling,loss of inner membrane structure,and membrane rupture were observed in the UUO group,while the UUO+CBD group showed milder morphological changes.Conclusion CBD improves renal function in UUO model mice through anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and mitochondrial protection,and is a potential therapeutic drug for renal protection in clinic.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of cannabidiol(CBD)in improving renal function and protecting the kidney in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).Methods A total of 24 healthy,8-week-old,WTC57BL/6 male mice were divided into the Sham group,UUO group and UUO+CBD group,with 8 rats in each group.The UUO models were established by ligating one side of the ureter and removing the contralateral kidney to ensure unilateral kidney hydronephrosis.In the UUO+CBD group,5 mg/kg CBD was intraperitoneally injected immediately after the operation,once a day for 10 days.The Sham and UUO groups were given the same amount of normal saline.Blood sample was collected through the inner canthus venous plexus of the orbit 24 hours after the last administration.The levels of serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected with an automatic biochemistry analyzer.The histopathological sections were prepared,the pathological changes of renal tissues were observed under a light microscope,and the pathological injuries were scored.Mitochondrial quantity and morphological structure changes were observed with a transmission electron microscopy.Results Compared with the Sham group,the UUO group exhibited significantly higher levels of Scr[(22.55±3.29)μmol/L vs.(12.11±3.32)μmol/L],BUN[(18.62±2.15)mmol/L vs.(10.05±1.19)mmol/L],TNF-α[(21.04±2.56)pg/mL vs.(9.26±0.47)pg/mL],IL-1β[(10.25±1.25)pg/mL vs.(5.44±0.99)pg/mL],and MDA[(31.26±1.17)nmol/mL vs.(17.12±1.39)nmol/mL],but significantly lower level of SOD[(90.26±2.11)U/mL vs.(136.54±3.05)U/mL],all P＜0.000 1.Compared with the UUO group,the UUO+CBD group showed a significant decrease in the levels of Scr[(16.82±0.89)μmol/L vs.(22.55±3.29)μmol/L],BUN[(14.35±0.99)mmol/L vs.(18.62±2.15)mmol/L],TNF-α[(16.29±0.88)pg/mL vs.(21.04±2.56)pg/mL],IL-1β[(6.23±0.95)pg/mL vs.(10.25±1.25)pg/mL],MDA[(20.36±1.23)nmol/mL vs.(31.26±1.17)nmol/mL],and renal pathological damage score[(1.88±0.64)vs.(2.50±0.76)],but a significant increase in SOD level[(117.84±1.57)U/mL vs.(90.26±2.11)U/mL],all P＜0.000 1.Under electron microscopy,mitochondrial swelling,loss of inner membrane structure,and membrane rupture were observed in the UUO group,while the UUO+CBD group showed milder morphological changes.Conclusion CBD improves renal function in UUO model mice through anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and mitochondrial protection,and is a potential therapeutic drug for renal protection in clinic.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases(ASCVD)are chronic progressive diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction,and their traditional therapies have limitations.In recent years,nanocarrier systems have demonstrated significant advantages in targeted delivery,enhancing drug safety and efficacy,thereby offering new strategies for precise diagnosis and treatment of ASCVD.Nanomaterials,including polymer nanoparticles,lipid nanoparticles,inorganic nanoparticles and bio-inspired nanoparticles,can effectively intervene key pathological processes of ASCVD.They achieve therapeutic effects by regulating macrophage balance,preserving endothelial cell function,maintaining smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype and modulating platelet activity.This review summarizes the application characteristics and research progress of different types of nanomaterials in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD,and provides insights into the challenges and future prospects of this field.

Liquid chip technology is based on liquid carrier. Comparing to the traditional detection methods, it has unique characteristics such as multiple detection ability, high throughput, high sensitivity, good repeatability, less sample and fast analysis. It can analyse proteins, nucleic acids and other biological molecules in liquid. At present, it has been widely used in the laboratory diagnosis of tumors, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, cytokines related diseases, as well as infectious diseases. This article discussed the principles, detection performances, clinical applications and future prospects of liquid chip technology.

Arsenic (organoarsenic) compound is one of the oldest drugs used by humans to treat various diseases. From its initial application in treating various skin diseases to the 1970s when arsenic trioxide (ATO) was proven to be able to significantly relieve acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds gradually occupied an important position in the history of medical development. This article reviews the pharmaceutical research progress of inorganic arsenic compounds and organic arsine compounds, covering anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral and antibiotic aspects. It further explores the potential for developing new arsenic (organoarsenic) drugs with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, aiming to provide new research directions and ideas for the application of arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds in disease treatment.

Arsenic (organoarsenic) compound is one of the oldest drugs used by humans to treat various diseases. From its initial application in treating various skin diseases to the 1970s when arsenic trioxide (ATO) was proven to be able to significantly relieve acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds gradually occupied an important position in the history of medical development. This article reviews the pharmaceutical research progress of inorganic arsenic compounds and organic arsine compounds, covering anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral and antibiotic aspects. It further explores the potential for developing new arsenic (organoarsenic) drugs with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, aiming to provide new research directions and ideas for the application of arsenic (organoarsenic) compounds in disease treatment.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen,providing a theoretical basis for promoting their mental health.Methods:From Jan to Feb 2022,an online questionnaire survey was conducted,involving 483 online questionnaires from college freshmen(184 males,299 females).The depression-anxiety-stress self-rating scale,smartphone dependence self-rating scale for adolescents,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)were used for online surveys.The influencing factors of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity among college freshmen were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results:The detection rates of smartphone dependence,sleep disorders,depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen were 26.1%,12.8%,26.3%,32.1%,and 23.6%,respectively.The detection rates of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms in male students were significantly higher than those in female students(P＜0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that self-perceived poor mental health,smartphone dependence and sleep disorders were risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms.Low satisfaction with college life was a risk factor for depression.Medical specialty was a risk factor for anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Male college freshmen show higher rates of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity.Low satisfaction with college life,self-perceived poor mental health,high academic pressure,smartphone dependence,medical specialty,and sleep disorders may be risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System（VI-RADS）based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging（mp-MRI）for muscle-invasive bladder cancer（MIBC）.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in PubMed，Web of Science，and Embase databases for studies published between September 2018 and December 2023 that investigated the use of VI-RADS for diagnosing MIBC. Inclusion criteria were studies utilizing mp-MRI-based VI-RADS scoring to determine MIBC. Exclusion criteria were studies with fewer than 10 patients，overlapping study populations，or those failing to assess the diagnostic performance of VI-RADS for MIBC. After quality assessment，RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.1 were used to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity，generate forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic（SROC）curves，and determine the area under the curve（AUC）. Publication bias was assessed using Deeks funnel plot. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic，with meta-regression and subgroup analyses to explore its sources. Results:Twenty-nine studies involving 3 577 patients were included. At a VI-RADS cutoff of 3，the pooled sensitivity and specificity for MIBC diagnosis were 93%（95%CI 0.90-0.95）and 82%（95%CI 0.76-0.88），respectively. At a cutoff of 4，these values were 83%（95%CI 0.78-0.87）and 93%（95%CI 0.90-0.95）. The hierarchical SROC（HSROC）AUCs were 0.95 and 0.94 for cutoffs of 3 and 4，respectively. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that at a cutoff of 3，patient sample size，study design，MRI field strength，number of radiologists，surgical approach，and DWI/DCE imaging planes contributed to sensitivity heterogeneity（ P < 0.05）. All factors except study design and DWI plane were sources of specificity heterogeneity（ P < 0.05）. At a cutoff of 4，all factors significantly influenced heterogeneity in both sensitivity and specificity（ P < 0.05）. Meta-regression confirmed that both cutoffs（3 and 4）were significant sources of heterogeneity（ P < 0.05）. Conclusions:VI-RADS demonstrates excellent diagnostic performance for MIBC at both cutoffs（3 and 4），with VI-RADS ≥ 3 showing superior sensitivity and VI-RADS ≥ 4 offering higher specificity. The cutoff of 3 provides better overall diagnostic efficacy.

Liquid chip technology is based on liquid carrier. Comparing to the traditional detection methods, it has unique characteristics such as multiple detection ability, high throughput, high sensitivity, good repeatability, less sample and fast analysis. It can analyse proteins, nucleic acids and other biological molecules in liquid. At present, it has been widely used in the laboratory diagnosis of tumors, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, cytokines related diseases, as well as infectious diseases. This article discussed the principles, detection performances, clinical applications and future prospects of liquid chip technology.