Based on the discussion of "eight weak areas" in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， combined with the typical rash manifestations of atopic dermatitis， it is believed that atopic dermatitis is mostly deficiency-excess complex， and that pathogens intruding eight weak areas are the core of its pathogenesis. The external cause is exterior deficiencies， with heat， wind， dampness and other pathogenic qi attacking. The heart， lungs， kidneys out of balance， and excess pathogen are the internal cause， in which fire constraint and excessive heat are the basis of the disease， the wind invading leads to the progress of the changes， dampness obstructing channels and colla-terals make the condition persistent. Internal and external pathogens combination and retention result to the course of the disease lingering and difficult to cure. The internal treatment is to regulate zang-fu organs， and the formula could use self-prescribed modified Qingrun Tongluo Decoction （清润通络汤）， clearing heart and reducing fire in order to clear the heat and cool the blood， moistening lungs and generating metal to consolidate the exterior and dispel the wind， and nourishing kidneys and draining water to dispel the dampness and activate the collaterals. The external treatment applies maceration， fire acupuncture， wrapping to dredge the eight weak areas and regulate qi and blood in channel， so as to expel pathogens.

Objective:To determine the weight coefficient of home care service quality indicators for the disabled elderly in Beijing.Methods:In the early stage, our research group has preliminarily constructed quality indicators of home care service for the disabled elderly in Beijing. The importance scores of all indicators were obtained through expert consultation from September to October 2021. Based on the game theory, the subjective and objective weighting methods were integrated to quantify the combinatorial optimization weight assignment of those indicators, in which the subjective weighting was calculated by proportional distribution method, and the objective weighting was obtained by entropy weight method.Results:The subjective weight assignments of the first-level indicators “service conditions”“service process” and “service outcome”were 0.332 2, 0.338 9, and 0.328 9, respectively; the objective weight assignments of the above indicators were 0.332 2, 0.338 9 and 0.328 9, respectively; the combinatorial optimization weight assignment of those indicators were 0.332 2, 0.338 9, and 0.328 9, respectively. Among the second-level indicators, the combination optimization weight coefficients of the top 3 important indicators “patient family evaluation”(1.3),“emergency configuration”(1.4), and“operation process”(2.2) were 0.198 4, 0.198 4 and 0.170 8, respectively. And among the third-level indicators, the combination optimization weight coefficients of the top 5 important indicators“emergency plan”(1.4.1), “humanistic care”(2.2.6), “first aid supplies”(1.4.2), “evaluation of potential resources”(1.3.4), and “means of home visit transportation”(1.2.1) were 0.124 7, 0.075 0, 0.073 8, 0.066 5 and 0.052 7, respectively.Conclusion:The study has successfully conducted the optimization weight assignment of home care service quality indicators for the disabled elderly in Beijing, which indicates that the service conditions and service process are crucial to the quality of service.

Objective:To develop an indicator system for defining the health services provided by family doctors within the "Healthy Subdistrict" initiative in China.Methods:An initial set of indicators was developed through literature review and qualitative research, followed by the design of an expert consultation questionnaire. Twenty-one experts with extensive experience in community family doctor services in Beijing were selected. Two rounds of Delphi consultations were conducted via email between December 2024 and February 2025. Expert demographics and authority coefficients were collected and the indicator system was finalized.Results:The response rate was 100% for both rounds. The average expert authority coefficient ( Cr) was 0.860 (range: 0.700-1.000). Kendall′s W for importance and feasibility increased from 0.129 and 0.196 in the first round to 0.230 and 0.268 in the second round (all P<0.001), indicating strong consensus. The final system includes 5 first-level and 23 second-level indicators, categorized as: Integrated Preventive and Clinical Care Services, Healthy Community Promotion Services, Basic Medical Services, Public Health Services, and Services for Promoting Equity in Citizen Health and Well-being. The highest-weighted first-level indicators were Basic Medical Services (0.281) and Integrated Preventive and Clinical Care Services (0.281), followed by Services for Promoting Equity in Citizen Health and Well-being (0.191), Healthy Community Promotion Services (0.124), and Public Health Services (0.124). All indicators had importance and feasibility scores above 3.5. Conclusion:This study establishes a weighted indicator system to guide and evaluate the health services provided by family doctors within the "Healthy Subdistrict" initiative, clarifying key service priorities.

Objective:To determine the weight coefficient of home care service quality indicators for the disabled elderly in Beijing.Methods:In the early stage, our research group has preliminarily constructed quality indicators of home care service for the disabled elderly in Beijing. The importance scores of all indicators were obtained through expert consultation from September to October 2021. Based on the game theory, the subjective and objective weighting methods were integrated to quantify the combinatorial optimization weight assignment of those indicators, in which the subjective weighting was calculated by proportional distribution method, and the objective weighting was obtained by entropy weight method.Results:The subjective weight assignments of the first-level indicators “service conditions”“service process” and “service outcome”were 0.332 2, 0.338 9, and 0.328 9, respectively; the objective weight assignments of the above indicators were 0.332 2, 0.338 9 and 0.328 9, respectively; the combinatorial optimization weight assignment of those indicators were 0.332 2, 0.338 9, and 0.328 9, respectively. Among the second-level indicators, the combination optimization weight coefficients of the top 3 important indicators “patient family evaluation”(1.3),“emergency configuration”(1.4), and“operation process”(2.2) were 0.198 4, 0.198 4 and 0.170 8, respectively. And among the third-level indicators, the combination optimization weight coefficients of the top 5 important indicators“emergency plan”(1.4.1), “humanistic care”(2.2.6), “first aid supplies”(1.4.2), “evaluation of potential resources”(1.3.4), and “means of home visit transportation”(1.2.1) were 0.124 7, 0.075 0, 0.073 8, 0.066 5 and 0.052 7, respectively.Conclusion:The study has successfully conducted the optimization weight assignment of home care service quality indicators for the disabled elderly in Beijing, which indicates that the service conditions and service process are crucial to the quality of service.

Objective:To develop an indicator system for defining the health services provided by family doctors within the "Healthy Subdistrict" initiative in China.Methods:An initial set of indicators was developed through literature review and qualitative research, followed by the design of an expert consultation questionnaire. Twenty-one experts with extensive experience in community family doctor services in Beijing were selected. Two rounds of Delphi consultations were conducted via email between December 2024 and February 2025. Expert demographics and authority coefficients were collected and the indicator system was finalized.Results:The response rate was 100% for both rounds. The average expert authority coefficient ( Cr) was 0.860 (range: 0.700-1.000). Kendall′s W for importance and feasibility increased from 0.129 and 0.196 in the first round to 0.230 and 0.268 in the second round (all P<0.001), indicating strong consensus. The final system includes 5 first-level and 23 second-level indicators, categorized as: Integrated Preventive and Clinical Care Services, Healthy Community Promotion Services, Basic Medical Services, Public Health Services, and Services for Promoting Equity in Citizen Health and Well-being. The highest-weighted first-level indicators were Basic Medical Services (0.281) and Integrated Preventive and Clinical Care Services (0.281), followed by Services for Promoting Equity in Citizen Health and Well-being (0.191), Healthy Community Promotion Services (0.124), and Public Health Services (0.124). All indicators had importance and feasibility scores above 3.5. Conclusion:This study establishes a weighted indicator system to guide and evaluate the health services provided by family doctors within the "Healthy Subdistrict" initiative, clarifying key service priorities.

Objective To explore the feasibility and diagnostic value of ultra-fast scanning scheme based on deep learning-based reconstruction(DLR)for cervical MR examination.Methods Thirty-six subjects were prospectively enrolled and underwent both conventional scheme(scan time:6 min 14 s)and ultra-fast scheme(2 min)cervical spine MR scanning to acquire encompassing sagittal T1WI,sagittal adipose suppression T2WI and axial T2WI.The ultra-fast MRI were reconstructed using DLR method.The subjective and objective evaluations on imaging qualities of different MRIs were compared,along with the inter-observer agreement for diagnosing intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation.Results Compared with conventional MRI,artifacts in ultra-fast DLR images significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The subjective evaluation results of MRI had good agreement(all Kappa≥0.60).Compared with conventional MRI,the sagittal T1WI,T2WI and axial T2WI obtained with ultra-fast DLR showed significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the spinal cord,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and vertebral body,as well as the spinal cord/CSF contrast(all P＜0.001).The Kappa value of 2 physicians for diagnosing intervertebral disc degeneration based on ultra-fast DLR and conventional scheme images was 0.94 and 1.00,respectively,of intervertebral disc herniation was 0.96 and 0.98,respectively.Conclusion Compared with conventional scanning scheme,using ultra-fast DLR scheme in cervical MR examination could shorten scanning time while achieve similar image quality and diagnostic accuracy.

To summarize the nursing experience of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for a child with monocytopenia and mycobacterium infection syndrome complicated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.The key aspects of nursing encompass the establishment of a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment team,as well as the enhancement of warehousing preparation.Fine nursing plays a pivotal role in infection prevention and control,while also promoting hematopoietic reconstruction.Vigilant monitoring of condition changes is crucial to proactively prevent cardiopulmonary failure.Moreover,an intensified management approach towards underlying diseases should be implemented alongside predictive nursing interventions.The utilization of precision medication plans allows for the observation of drug efficacy and adverse reactions.Narrative nursing serves as a foundation to alleviate the child's inner concems,while personalized follow-up plans ensure the continuity of high-quality care.With careful treatment and care,the child successfully underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.After 41 days post-transplantation,the child was discharged from the hospital after a successful recovery.The follow-up after a month showed good progress.

Recent studies have found that chondrocytes not only represent the cells targeted by rheumatoid ar-thritis(RA)but may also themselves induce the disease.This dual role indicates the significance of chondrocytes in the pathology of RA.This article summarizes the important roles played by chondrocytes in RA,providing a reference for the pathogenesis and treatment of RA.

Objective:To discuss the method for establishing the rat models of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)by chronic water avoidance stress(WAS)method,and to evaluate its feasibility.Methods:Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(n=10)and model group(n=20).The rats in model group were induced by WAS method for 1 h everyday,lasting for 10 consecutive days;the rats in control group underwent no interventions.After modeling,the general conditions and body weights of the rats in two groups were observed and recorded.The elevated plus maze(EPM)test was used to detect the percentages of the number of open arm entries(OE)and the time spent in open arms(OT)of the rats in two groups;the abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)test was used to assess the visceral sensitivity of the rats in two groups;electrocardiography was used to detect the heart rate variability(HRV)of the rats in two groups;electromyography(EMG)of the external oblique muscle was used to detect the colorectal pain sensitivity thresholds of the rats in two groups;multi-channel physiological signal recorder was used to monitor the slow wave frequency of the colon of the rats in two groups.Results:There were no death rats in both groups during the modeling period.After modeling,the rats in model group exhibited poor mental status,reduced spontaneous activity,hypoactivity,disordered and dull fur,irritability,and unclean anal areas;whereas,the rats in control group showed no significant changes in the mental state,spontaneous activity,fur,and perianal area.Compared with control group,the body weight of the rats in model group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The EPM test results showed that compared with control group,the OE percentage and OT percentage of the rats in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The AWR test results showed that 12 rats in model group scored≥3 points,indicating that the successful rate in creating the visceral pain models was 60%.Compared with control group,the low frequency(LF)signals and the ratio of LF/high frequency(HF)of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the HF was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The EMG results showed that compared with control group,the coloretal pain sensitivity threshold of the colon of the rats in model group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the slow wave frequency of the colon was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The WAS method for establishing the rat model of IBS effectively demonstrates the changes in behavior and mental state,increased the visceral sensitivity,accelerated colonic slow wave frequency,and autonomic nervous system imbalance;the WAS method can serve as an effective modeling approach for observing and evaluating the related drugs and interventions on treatment of IBS.

BACKGROUND:Resistance to the inflammatory response is an important part of promoting the repair of damaged tissue and improving the local inflammatory response caused by medical bio-implant materials has been a key issue to be addressed in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the anti-inflammatory effects of common metal ions and related molecular mechanisms to provide some theoretical references for improving the early inflammatory response of hosts caused by bio-implant materials. METHODS:A computer search of the relevant literature in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang databases was conducted using"metal ions,magnesium ion,zinc ion,silver ion,copper ion,inflammation,anti-inflammatory effects,oxidative stress,immunoregulation,signaling pathways"as Chinese and English search terms.Preliminary screening was conducted by reading the titles and abstracts.Finally,80 papers were included for result analysis and summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Metal ions such as magnesium,zinc,silver and copper have a good anti-inflammatory effect.The strength of this anti-inflammatory effect is strongly correlated with the dose and duration of action.In the future,consideration can be given to controlling the release rate of ions and adjusting the appropriate therapeutic concentration to achieve the best anti-inflammatory effect.(2)Magnesium ions and zinc ions exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory activity,with magnesium ions often being beneficial in anti-inflammatory therapy in the form of compounds such as magnesium sulfate and zinc ions regulating the body's inflammatory response with zinc feed as the main source of zinc supplementation.(3)Silver and copper ions have some anti-inflammatory effects,but are still predominant for their excellent antibacterial activity,mainly in the form of nanoparticles and bio-coatings.(4)Magnesium and zinc metal ions can be combined with natural extracts to form complexes to exert anti-inflammatory effects,and this method has the advantage of being inexpensive and widely available and is a sustainable and green approach,which is worthy of clinical promotion.(5)Metal ions such as magnesium,zinc,silver and copper exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing host oxidative stress damage,modulating immune cells and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB,Toll-like receptor,STAT3 and NOD.(6)The molecular mechanism related to the anti-inflammation of metal ions is a complex network,which is not the effect of a single pathway,but should be a combination of multiple signaling pathways.There are still many potential mechanisms that have not yet been explored,and more systematic elucidation of the interconnections between various signaling pathways is needed in the future.